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ILLINOIS  STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


3  3051  00000  0376 


STATE  OF  ILLINOIS 

STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

FRANK   W.  DEWOLF.  Director 


BULLETIN  No.  30 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  x\ND  1914 


ADMINISTRATIVE  REPORT 

AND 

ECONOMIC  AND  GEOLOGICAL  PAPERS 


Certain  papers  in  cooperation  with  U.  S.  Geological  Survey 


PRINTED  BY  AUTHORITY   OF  THE   STATE   OF  ILLINOIS 


ILLINOIS  STATE  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

URBANA 

1917 


review! 

PR-ESSj 


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STATE  GEOLOGICAL  COMMISSION 


Frank  O.  Lowden,  Chairman 
Governor  of  Illinois 

Thomas   C.   Chamberlin,    V ice-Chairman 

Edmund  J.  James,  Secretary 
President  of  the  University  of  Illinois 


Frank  W.  DeWolf,  Director 
Fred  H.  Kay,  Asst.  State  Geologist 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2012  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign 


http://archive.org/details/biennialreportfo30illi 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL 


State  Geological  Survey 
University  of  Illinois,  March  10,  1917. 
Governor  Frank   O.  Lowden,   Chairman,  and  Members  of  the  Geological 
Commission. 

Gentlemen :  I  submit  herewith  my  administrative  report  for  the  bien- 
nium  ended  June  30,  1915,  and  recommend  that  with  the  accompanying 
papers  it  be  published  as  Bulletin  No.  30. 

The  financial  statements  have  previously  been  submitted  to  the  Com- 
mission for  approval,  but  are  offered  now  as  a  public  record.  Parts  of  the 
accompanying  papers  have  previously  been  printed  as  extracts,  but  for  the 
most  part  have  been  held  until  now  on  account  of  congestion  in  printing. 

Several  of  the  papers  have  been  prepared  by  geologists  of  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey,  in  cooperation  with  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  the  advan- 
tages of  this  arrangement  are  pointed  out  under  the  administrative  report. 

Very  respectfully, 

Frank  W.  DeWolf,  Director. 


GONTENTS 

PAGE 

Administrative  report,  by  F.  W.  DeWolf 11 

Mineral  resources  of  Illinois  in   1913  and   1914,  by  Helen  J. 

Skewes    23 

Coal  in  Gillespie  and  Mount  Olive  quadrangles,  by  Wallace  Lee  51 

Pennsylvanian  fire  clays  of  Illinois,  by  Edwin  H.  Lines 61 

Geology  and  economic  resources  of  Colchester  and  Macomb 

quadrangles,   by  Henry   Hinds 75 

Loess  in  the  Canton  quadrangle,  by  T.  E.  Savage 109 

Dictionary  of  altitudes 115 


ADMINISTRATIVE    REPORT   FROM   JULY    1,  1913 

TO  JUNE  30,  1915 

Bv  F.  W.  DeWolf,  Director 


OUTLINE 

PAGE 

Introduction    11 

General  statement 11 

Organization  and   personnel 12 

Geological   section     13 

General   stratigraphy    13 

Coal   investigations    14 

Oil  and  gas  investigations 14 

Clay    resources 14 

Overflowed    lands 15 

Bureau  of  Information 15 

Topographic   section 16 

July  1,  1913,  to  June  30.  1914 16 

July  1,  1914,  to  June  30,  1915 16 

Publications     17 

Reports     17 

Maps    20 

Expenditures    21 

PLATE 
I.     Map  showing  progress  of  topographic  surveys 16 

TABLES 

1.  Progress  of  field  work  by  topographic  sections,  July  1,  1913,  to  June  30,  1915  18 

2.  Total  expenditures  July  1,  1913,  to  June  30,  1915 21 

Introduction 

general  statement 

During  the  period  from  July  1,  1913,  to  June  30,  1915,  the  work  of  the 
Geological  Survey  followed  much  the  same  channels  as  in  previous  years. 
1  besides  the  regular  topographic  mapping,  a  large  amount  of  field  work  was 
completed  on  general  stratigraphy,  coal,  oil,  and  clay  resources,  and  in  the 
mapping  of  overflowed  lands.  Plans  included  a  special  investigation  of 
aggregate  materials  and  a  survey  of  the  economic  resources  of  the  upper 
Illinois  Valley,  but  funds  were  not  adequate  to  carry  on  these  investigations. 

(11) 


12  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND   1914 


ORGANIZATION    AND    PERSONNEL 


The  Survey  maintained  the  same  general  organization  as  before. 
Cooperation  was  continued  with  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines  and  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey.  F.  W.  DeWolf,  Director,  and  F.  H.  Kay,  Assistant 
Director,  continued  in  charge  of  the  geologic  section.  The  topographic  sec- 
tion was  administered  by  R.  B.  Marshall,  Chief  Geographer,  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey,  and  W.  H.  Herron,  Geographer  in  charge  Central  Division. 

Professors  Salisbury,  Grant,  and  Barrows  remained  as  consulting  geolo- 
gists, and  Professors  Parr  and  Bartow  as  consulting  chemists.  A.  V.  Blein- 
inger,  Ceramist,  was  in  general  charge  of  clay  studies. 

R.  S.  Blatchley  was  granted  leave  of  absence  for  one  year  to  undertake 
oil  investigations  in  Turkey.  After  his  return  he  resigned  to  enter  private 
consulting  practice.  K.  D.  White  resigned  also  to  accept  a  position  in  the 
commercial  field. 

Fred  H.  Kay  has  taken  charge  of  the  oil  investigations  and  will  conclude 
his  work  on  Illinois  coal  resources.  G.  H.  Cady  has  arranged  to  give  full- 
time  services  to  the  Survey  instead  of  part  time  as  heretofore. 

Miss  Blanche  Fowler  resigned  as  stenographer  August  1,  1914,  and 
Miss  Faith  Neighbour  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

The  organization  of  the  Survey,  including  a  large  number  of  part-time 
men,  was  as  follows : 

COMMISSIONERS 

Governor  E.  F.  Dunne,  Chairman 
Professor  T.  C.  Chamberlin,  Vice-Chairman 
President  E.  J.  James,  Secretary 

ADMINISTRATIVE    WORK 

F.  W.  DeWolf,  Director 

Fred  H.  Kay,  Assistant  State  Geologist 

C.  H.  Thory,  Chief  Clerk 

GEOLOGICAL    SECTION 

F.  W.  DeWolf,  Geologist 
R.  D.  Salisbury,  Consulting  Geologist 
U.  S.  Grant,  Consulting  Geologist 
Harlan  H.  Barrows,  Consulting  Geologist 
S.  W.  Parr,  Consulting  Chemist 
Edward  Bartow,  Consulting  Chemist 

F.  H.  Whittum,  Chemist 

H.  J.  Weiland,  Assistant  Chemist 
Stuart  Weller,  Geologist 
T.  E.  Savage,  Geologist 
Fred  H.  Kay,  Geologist 

G.  H.  Cady,  Geologist 
J.  A.  Udden,  Geologist 

L.  E.  Young,  Mining  Engineer 


ADMINISTRATIVE  REPORT  13 


R.  S.  Blatchley,  Assistant  Geologist 

C.  B.  Anderson,  Assistant  Geologist 
J.  L.  Rich,  Assistant  Geologist 

W.  C.  Morse,  Assistant  Geologist 

F.  M.  Van  Tuyl,  Assistant  Geologist 
Helen  Skewes,  Assistant  Geologist 
Wallace  Lee,  Assistant  Geologist* 
H.  M.  DuBois,  Assistant  Geologist 
Bertha  Thornburg,  Assistant  Geologist 
L.  E.  Kennedy,  Assistant  Geologist 

A.  V.  Bleininger,  Ceramist 
R.  T.  Stull,  Ceramist 
J.  M.  Lindgren,  Chemist 

D.  F.  McFarland,  Chemist 

W.  S.  Nelson,  Engineering  Draftsman 

M.  L.  Nebel,  Draftsman 

L.  S.  Baldwin,  Draftsman 

Blanche  Fowler,  Clerk 

Faith  Neighbour,  Clerk 

H.  P.  Ousley,  Field  Assistant 

C.  W.  Clark,  Field  Assistant 
L.  W.  Swett,  Field  Assistant 
R.  W.  Brown,  Field  Assistant 
Paul  Morse,  Field  Assistant 
J.  H.  Bell,  Field  Assistant 

H.  R.  Moore,  Field  Assistant 

E.  H.  Pool,  Field  Assistant 

D.  E.  Day,  Levelman 
J.  P.  Pepper,  Levelman 
J.  D.  Mattison,  Levelman 
Harry  Almond,  Field  Cook 
O.  F.  Brooks,  Office  Assistant 
S.   T.   Wallage,    Office   Assistant 

E.  F.  Rehnquist,  Office  Assistant 

G.  C.  Vanden  Boom,  Office  Assistant 
W.  C.  Vander  Mark,  Office  Assistant 


Geological  Section 

general  stratigraphy 

Field  work  and  reports  were  completed  by  Stuart  Weller  covering  the 
general  geology  of  the  Illinois  area  of  the  following  quadrangles :  Bald- 
win, Kimmswick,  Chester,  Crystal  City,  and  Renault.  The  Mahomet, 
Urbana,  and  Avon  surveys  were  completed  by  T.  E.  Savage.  J.  A.  Udden 
completed  the  Milan  quadrangle.  The  Coulterville  quadrangle  was  prac- 
tically finished  by  Air.  Cady,  who  has  prepared  a  report  for  combination 
with  a  similar  report  on  the  area  immediately  west. 

*Assigned  by  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  to  work  in  cooperation. 


14  BIENNIAL  REPORT  EOR   1913  AND   1914 


CO  A  L    I NVEST1  CATION  S 


The  investigation  in  cooperation  with  the  University  and  the  U.  S. 
Bureau  of  Mines  was  carried  on  according  to  agreement.  Unfortunately 
the  funds  did  not  permit  all  of  the  work  that  could  have  been  done  to  advan- 
tage. The  collection  of  diamond-drill  records  and  the  determination  of  their 
levels  was  continued ;  the  results  are  now  being  incorporated  into  maps  which 
wTill  be  issued  later.  Eighty-five  samples  of  promising  clay  materials,  occur- 
ring in  connection  with  coal,  were  collected  by  the  Survey  and  submitted  to 
the  Ceramics  Department  of  the  University  for  laboratory  tests,  according 
to  an  agreement.  Reports  on  the  various  coal  fields  by  Mr.  Kay  are  in 
progress.  Professor  Parr  is  preparing  a  report  on  the  coal  analyses  com- 
pleted in  1912  and  another  one  on  the  status  of  the  coke  industry  as  affecting 
Illinois  coal.  The  preliminary  publication  of  the  analyses  has  been  issued 
as  an  extract  from  Bulletin  3.  Reports  on  the  coal  resources  of  the  Belle- 
ville and  of  the  Danville  districts  were  submitted  in  1914.  A  preliminary 
investigation  of  surface  subsidence  due  to  mining  was  completed  by  Mr. 
Young.  The  report  will  be  extended  to  a  study  of  foreign  experience  and 
practices,  under  direction  of  the  Alining  Department  of  the  University. 

OIL    AND    GAS    INVESTIGATIONS 

Studies  in  the  oil  fields  were  deferred  until  1914  on  account  of  the  need 
of  finishing  up  reports  already  in  press  and  in  preparation.  Bulletin  22,  on 
the  oil  fields  of  Crawford  and  Lawrence  counties,  was  issued  in  1914.  A 
report  on  oil  and  gas  in  Bond,  Montgomery,  and  Macoupin  counties  was 
issued  during  the  summer  of  1914. 

Geological  field  work  for  the  purpose  of  locating  favorable  oil  struc- 
ture in  advance  of  topographic  mapping  was  completed  for  the  area  directly 
south  of  the  new  Plymouth  oil  field  by  Messrs.  Morse  and  Rich  and  a 
corps  of  levelmen  and  rodmen.  A  report  on  the  Allendale  field  was  prepared 
by  Mr.  Rich  for  publication  in  Bulletin  31. 

During  the  biennium  the  Geological  Survey,  in  cooperation  with  the 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  was  successful  in  locating  the  Colmar  oil  field, 
McDonough  County;  the  Staunton  gas  field,  Macoupin  County;  and  the 
Spanish  Needle  Creek  field,  Macoupin  County. 

CLAY    RESOURCES 

In  connection  with  the  Mining  Investigations,  85  samples  of  promising 
clay  materials  were  collected  in  coal  mines  throughout  the  State  and  sub- 
mitted to  the  Department  of  Ceramic  Engineering,  University  of  Illinois, 
for  laboratory  tests.  This  is  a  new  line  of  investigation  for  the  State,  and 
it  will  probably  produce  valuable  results.  The  report  on  this  work  will  be 
sent  to  press  as  soon  as  the  laboratory  tests  are  made  by  the  Ceramics 
Department. 


ADMINISTRATIVE  REPORT  15 


OVERFLOWED    LANDS 


Careful  investigations  of  areas  possibly  deserving  reclamation  surveys 
were  made  by  the  Director,  a  drainage  engineer  on  behalf  of  the  State, 
and  a  representative  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey.  The  examination 
included  Saline  River,  in  Saline  and  Gallatin  counties ;  Crooked  Creek,  in 
Schuyler  and  McDonough  counties ;  and  AlcGees  Creek,  in  Adams,  Brown, 
and  Pike  counties.  There  is  much  land  to  be  reclaimed  along  each  of  these 
streams,  but  in  the  absence  of  strong  local  sentiment  favoring  reclamation 
projects,  it  seemed  unlikely  that  investigational  work  would  be  utilized  for 
many  years.  It  was  agreed  unanimously  that  surveys  were  hardly  war- 
ranted at  this  time. 

An  informal  conference  was  held  with  the  chairman  and  the  engineer 
of  the  Rivers  and  Lakes  Commission  to  consider  whether  that  Commission 
would  prepare  an  engineering  report  based  on  our  maps  of  the  Spoon  River 
Valley,  and  also  complete  a  report  for  the  Big  Muddy  Valley,  according  to 
our  agreement  with  the  previous  Rivers  and  Lakes  Commission.  Informally 
the  Commission  has  agreed  to  go  on  with  the  reclamation  studies  as  rapidly 
as  funds  will  permit.  Unfortunately  it  was  found  later  that  the  Rivers  and 
Lakes  Commission  could  not  carry  on  this  work,  and  the  Geological  Com- 
mission engaged  at  its  own  expense  Melluish  and  Broyhill  of  Bloomington 
to  make  an  engineering  report  on  the  Spoon  River  Valley  reclamation. 
The  work  was  later  turned  over  to  the  Harman  Engineering  Company,  who 
completed  the  report  for  publication  as  Bulletin  32. 

The  Survey  published  an  edition  of  all  topographic  maps  previously 
made  of  lands  subject  to  overflow. 

BUREAU    OF    INFORMATION 

The  Survey  maintains  a  bureau  of  information  for  the  convenience  of 
inquirers  about  mineral  resources  of  Illinois.  Requests  are  received  in 
great  numbers  both  from  inside  and  outside  the  State.  When  possible,  a 
bulletin  containing  the  desired  information  is  mailed.  Frequently,  how- 
ever, it  is  necessary  to  make  special  study  and  to  reply  by  letter  at  some 
length.  Many  requests  for  the  identification  of  minerals  are  received  and 
answered  promptly ;  others  for  chemical  analysis  of  specimens  are,  for  the 
most  part,  necessarily  refused.  It  has  been  found  that  the  collection  of  a 
representative  sample  of  a  material  and  the  investigation  of  its  favorable 
occurrence  for  development  are  quite  as  essential  and  require  expert  advice, 
just  as  does  chemical  analysis.  As  a  rule,  therefore,  unless  a  representative 
of  the  Survey  investigates  and  samples  a  mineral  deposit,  an  analysis  at 
public  expense  is  not  justified,  particularly  because  otherwise  Survey  funds 
would  be  seriously  depleted  by  work  which  frequently  is  of  no  permanent 
value.  Preliminary  examinations  and  opinions  as  to  probable  value  of 
minerals  are  always  cheerfully  given. 


16  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND  1914 

TOPOGRAPHIC    SECTION 
JULY   1,   1913,  TO  JUNE  30,   1914 

The  Commission  allotted  $10,000  for  the  continuation  of  cooperative 
topographic  surveys  in  Illinois,  and  an  additional  $1,500  from  a  fund 
advanced  by  private  persons  for  the  mapping  of  the  Gallatin  County  por- 
tions of  the  Equality  and  Shawneetown  quadrangles,  and  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey  allotted  $11,500  to  meet  these  amounts. 

The  survey  of  the  Mount  Olive  and  Avon  quadrangles  and  the  Illinois 
portion  of  the  Edgington  quadrangle,  in  Macoupin,  Montgomery,  Fulton, 
Knox,  McDonough,  Warren,  Mercer,  and  Rock  Island  counties,  was  com- 
pleted, and  that  of  the  Sparta  quadrangle,  in  Perry,  Randolph,  St.  Clair, 
and  Washington  counties,  was  commenced  by  Frank  Tweedy,  W.  L.  Miller, 
Fred  Graff,  jr.,  Gilbert  Young,  L.  L.  Lee,  and  W.  S.  Gehres,  the  area 
mapped  being  794  square  miles,  for  publication  on  the  scale  of  1 :62,500, 
with  a  contour  interval  of  20  feet.  The  survey  of  the  Iowa  portion  of  the 
Edgington  quadrangle,  in  Muscatine  and  Scott  counties,  was  completed  by 
Frank  Tweedy,  the  area  mapped  being  52  square  miles,  for  publication  on 
the  same  scale  as  the  Illinois  portion,  all  expenses  being  borne  by  the  Fed- 
eral Survey.  The  mapping  of  the  Equality  quadrangle  and  of  the  Illinois 
portion  of  the  Shawneetown  quadrangle  was  continued  by  O.  H.  Nelson,  E. 
L.  Hain,  J.  A.  Duck,  and  F.  B.  Barrett,  the  area  mapped  being  90  square 
miles,  for  publication  on  the  scale  of  1 :62,500,  with  a  contour  interval  of  20 
feet.  The  resurvey  of  the  Marseilles  quadrangle,  in  Grundy,  Kendall,  and 
La  Salle  counties,  was  completed,  and  that  of  the  Morris  quadrangle,  in 
Grundy  and  Kendall  counties,  was  commenced  by  L.  L.  Lee,  the  area 
mapped  being  232  square  miles,  for  publication  on  the  scale  of  1 :62,500, 
with  a  contour  interval  of  20  feet. 

For  the  control  of  these  areas  and  of  the  Brownfield  quadrangle,  in 
Johnson,  Massac,  and  Pope  counties,  W.  S.  Gehres,  C.  R.  French,  G.  W. 
Lucas,  R.  G.  Clinite,  and  S.  R.  Archer  ran  413  miles  of  primary  levels  and 
established  111  permanent  bench  marks,  21  miles  of  levels  and  5  bench 
marks  being  in  Iowa.  For  the  control  of  the  Birds,  Equality,  Brownfield, 
Marion,  Stonefort,  Vienna,  Merom,  Oaktown,  and  Vincennes  (Ill.-Ind.) 
quadrangles  and  the  Illinois  portion  of  the  Golconda  and  Paducah  quad- 
rangles, in  Crawford,  Lawrence,  Gallatin,  Pope,  Hardin,  Saline,  Johnson, 
Massac,  Williamson,  Pulaski,  and  Clark  counties,  111.,  and  Knox  and  Sulli- 
van counties,  Ind.,  C.  B.  Kendall  ran  217  miles  of  primary  traverse  and  set 
15  permanent  marks,  33  miles  and  2  marks  being  in  Indiana. 

JULY  1,  1914,  TO  JUNE  30,  1915 

The  Commission  allotted  $9,000  for  the  continuation  of  cooperative 
topographic  surveys  in  Illinois  and  the  United  States  Geological  Survey 
allotted  an  equal  amount. 


U     S    GEOLOGICAL   SURVEY 
GEORGE    OTIS    SMITH 
DIRECTOR 


16 


TITTTMAtta-     --     |.QRT    FQR     1Q11     AMn 


ADMINISTRATIVE  REPORT  17 

The  survey  of  the  Coulterville  and  Equality  quadrangles  and  of  the 
Illinois  portions  of  the  Shawneetown,  Birds,  Fords  Ferry,  and  Golconda 
quadrangles  in  Perry,  Randolph,  St.  Clair,  Washington,  Gallatin,  Hardin, 
Pope,  Saline,  Crawford,  and  Lawrence  counties  was  completed,  and  that  of 
the  Brownfield  quadrangle,  in  Johnson,  Massac,  and  Pope  counties,  was 
begun  by  C.  W.  Goodlove,  Fred  Graff,  jr.,  Gilbert  Young,  J.  A.  Duck,  R. 
G.  Clinite,  R.  M.  Herrington,  and  W.  S.  Gehres,  the  total  area  mapped 
being  539  square  miles,  for  publication  on  the  scale  of  1  :62,500,  with  a 
contour  interval  of  20  feet. 

For  the  control  of  the  Brownfield,  Morris,  Birds,  Good  Flope,  Paducah, 
Woodhull,  Quincy,  Orion,  Alexis,  Augusta,  Monmouth,  Meredosia,  La 
Harpe,  Mount  Sterling,  Camp  Point,  Griggsville,  Pittsfield,  and  Barry 
quadrangles,  in  Johnson,  Massac,  Pope,  Grundy,  Kendall,  Crawford,  Law- 
rence, McDonough,  Warren,  Henry,  Knox,  Mercer,  Adams,  Pike,  Rock 
Island,  Brown,  Schuyler,  Hancock,  Cass,  Fulton,  Henderson,  Morgan,  Scott, 
and  Greene  counties,  S.  R.  Archer,  E.  C.  Bibbee,  G.  W.  Lucas,  and  R.  G. 
Clinite  ran  461  miles  of  primary  levels  and  established  135  permanent  bench 
marks. 

For  the  control  of  the  Augusta,  Beardstown,  Good  Hope,  Lomax, 
Oquaka,  Monmouth,  Meredosia,  La  Harpe,  Rushville,  Kirkland,  Wilming- 
ton, Sycamore,  Shabbona,  Quincy,  Mount  Sterling,  Morris,  Liberty,  Earl- 
ville,  Dwight,  Camp  Point,  and  Yorkville  quadrangles,  in  Adams,  Brown, 
Schuyler,  Hancock,  Cass,  Fulton,  McDonough,  Warren,  Henderson,  Pike, 
Scott,  Morgan,  Ogle,  Dekalb,  Boone,  Winnebago,  Will,  Kankakee,  Kane, 
Lee,  Grundy,  Kendall,  La  Salle,  and  Livingston  counties,  E.  L.  McNair  ran 
373  miles  of  primary  traverse  and  set  31  permanent  marks. 

Publications 
reports 
Owing  to  the  congestion  of  printing  under  State  contract  many  manu- 
scripts accumulated  in  the  Geological  Survey  office.  In  the  winter  of  1914, 
however,  a  special  appropriation  for  printing  was  made  to  the  State  Geol- 
ogical Survey,  with  the  expectation  that  during  the  coming  biennium  all 
reports  will  be  printed  up  to  date.  During  the  present  biennium  the  follow- 
ing bulletins  were  issued : 

Bulletin  21  :     Lead  and  zinc  deposits  of  northwestern  Illinois,  by  G.  H.  Cox. 

Bulletin  22  :     Oil  in  Crawford  and  Lawrence  counties,  by  R.  S.  Blatchley. 

Extract  from  Bulletin  23 :     The  Alexandrian  series,  by  T.  E.  Savage. 

Bulletin  24 :     Deep  borings  in  Illinois,  by  J.  A.  Udden. 

Bulletin  25  :     Report  and  plans   for  reclamation  of  land  subject  to  overflow  in 

the  Embarrass  River  valley,  by  Harman  Engineering  Company. 
Bulletin  28:     Gas  and  oil  in  Bond,  Macoupin,  and  Montgomery  counties,  by  R.  S. 

Blatchley. 
Bulletin  29 :     Purchase  and  sale  of  Illinois  coal  under  specifications,  by   S.   W. 
Parr. 


BIENNIAL   REPORT   FOR   1913  AND   1914 


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1:62,500                 172                      43                      12         j          ___.                   __._                    342 

1:62,500                  14                      27                        6                      IS 

1:62,500                   76                       30                         7 

1:62,500                 224                       71                       21                    ____                    .__.                     469 

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1:62,500                  62                   ____                   _—                   .—                    244 

1:62,500                   17                   _—                   130 

1:62,500                 113                   — -                   — .                   _—                   — -                    267 
1:62,500                 185                      38                      11         i 

1:62,500      !             22                   — _.                   -—                   .—                   115 

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68                      20                      34                        2 

12                        3 

Macoupin,   Bond,  Montgomery 

Fulton,   Knox,   Warren,   McDonough 

Mercer,   Rock   Island   

Gallatin,   Pope,    Hardin,    Saline   

Gallatin,    Hardin    

Grundy,  Kendall,   La  Salle  

Perry,  Washington,  St.  Clair,  Randolph- 
Grundy,    Kendall    

Johnson,  Massac,  Pope  

Crawford,    Lawrence    

Pope,   Llardin   

Johnson,   Williamson   

Johnson,  Pope,   Saline 

Johnson,   Massac,   Pulaski   

Clark,   Crawford  

Massac,   Pope   

Lawrence,    Wabash    

Totals   

Perry,  Washington,  St.  Clair,  Randolph. 

Gallatin,    Hardin    

Hardin,  Gallatin,  Pope,   Saline 

Crawford,    Lawrence    

Hardin   

Hardin,   Pope   

Johnson,  Massac,  Pope 

Grundy,    Kendall    

Greene,  Pike,  Scott 

1913 

Mt.    Olive   

Avon    

Edgington  

Equality     

Shawneetown    

Marseilles   

Sparta   (Coulterville)    

Morris     

Brownfield    

Birds  

Golconda   

Marion   

Stonefort    

Vienna   . 

Merom    

Paducah  

Vincennes     . 

1914 

Coulterville    

Shawneetown    

Equality     _              -_._.__ 

Birds   

Fords    Ferry   

Golconda   

Brownfield    _       ...        

Morris    

Griggsville    

ADMINISTRATIVE  REPORT 


19 


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20  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND  1914 

The  following  Illinois  Coal  Mining  Investigations  were  published: 

Extract  from  Bulletin  3  :     Chemical  study  of  Illinois  coals,  by  S.  W.  Parr. 

Bulletin  10 :     Coal  resources  of  District  I,  by  G.  H.  Cady. 

Bulletin  11 :     Coal  resources  of  District  VII,  by  F.  H.  Kay. 

Bulletin  14:     Coal  resources  of  District  VIII,  by  F.  H.  Kay  and  K.  D.  White. 

The  distribution  of  these  reports  so  as  to  prevent  waste,  and  yet  make 
them  most  widely  available,  has  been  in  itself  a  considerable  ta§k.  It  is 
thought  that  the  interests  of  all  concerned  would  be  best  met  if  500  copies 
of  each  report  were  reserved  for  sale  at  the  cost  of  printing,  the  receipts 
from  the  sales  being  turned  into  the  State  treasury.  This  makes  it  possible 
for  libraries  to  complete  their  sets  and  for  persons  having  real  need  for  any 
of  the  volumes  to  obtain  the  earlier  ones  at  small  cost.  The  remainder  of 
the  edition  is  distributed  by  the  Survey  and  the  Secretary  of  State  to  insti- 
tutions and  individuals  making  application  for  them,  or  is  exchanged  with 
other  Surveys  or  publishing  organizations. 

Any  of  the  published  reports  will  be  sent  upon  receipt  of  the  amount 
noted.  Money  orders,  drafts,  and  checks  should  be  made  payable  to  F.  W. 
DeWolf,  Director.      ' 

MAPS 

A  special  edition  of  1,000  topographic  maps  of  the  Kaskaskia,  Em- 
barrass, Big  Muddy,  and  Spoon  River  valleys  was  published.  A  new  edition 
of  the  Illinois  base  map,  which  was  first  published  in  1912,  was  issued  in 
1914.  Information  regarding  railroads,  elevations,  etc.,  was  brought  up  to 
date  so  far  as  possible. 

For  a  number  of  years  the  possibility  of  publishing  topographic  maps 
on  the  county-unit  basis  had  been  contemplated,  but  until  1914  appropria- 
tions would  not  permit  such  publication.  The  map  of  St.  Clair  County  was 
issued  and  proved  extremely  popular.  Other  maps  on  the  county  basis  will 
follow  during  the  coming  biennium. 

A  special  edition  of  the  topographic  map  of  Starved  Rock  Park  was 
issued.  It  will  later  be  used  as  a  base  for  geological  and  other  reports  on 
this  area  of  special  interest. 

The  accompanying  illustration  (Plate  I)  shows  the  areas  for  which 
topographic  maps  have  been  prepared  in  cooperation  with  the  U.  S.  Geol- 
ogical Survey.  Those  maps  published  may  be  obtained  from  this  office  by 
remitting  10  cents  for  each  copy.  As  the  maps  do  not  conform  to  county 
lines  except  as  noted  above,  those  desired  should  be  ordered  by  quad- 
rangle names. 

The  topographic  maps  are  distributed  also  from  Washington.  They 
may  be  purchased  at  the  rate  of  10  cents  each,  but  when  they  are  ordered 
in  lots  of  50  or  more  copies,  the  price  is  6  cents  each.     Drafts  or  money 


ADMINISTRATIVE  REPORT 


21 


orders  should  be  sent  to  the  Director,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  He  is  not  allowed  to  receive  postage  stamps  or  personal  checks 
in  payment. 

Expenditures 

Table  2.— Total  expenditures  July  1,  1913,  to  June  30,  1915 


General  appropriation — 

Balance  on  hand  July  1,  1913 
Appropriation  July  1,  1913... 
Appropriation  July  1,  1914.., 


Total  available 


Expenditures  July  1,  1913  to  June  30,  1915 — 

Salary  and  expenses  of  administration 

Clerical  help  and  general  office  expenses 

Postage  for  distribution  of  bulletins 

Oil    investigations 

Coal  investigations   (exclusive  of  mining  study) 

Cooperative  geological  surveys    (quadrangles) 

General  stratigraphic  studies   .... 

Water  resources  investigations 

Clay  resources  investigations  (exclusive  of  mining  study) 

Geological  surveys   (quadrangles) 

Educational  series    

Statistics    

Special  field  equipment 

Topographic  surveys  


Balance  available  July  1,  1915 

Special  appropriation  for  coal  mining  study- 
Balance  on  hand  July  1,  1913 

Appropriation  July  1,  1913 

Appropriation  July  1,  1914 


Total  available 


Expenditures  July  1,  1913  to  June  30,  1915 — 

Coal  resources    

Chemical  work  on  coals  

Office  supplies  

Special  held  equipment 

Collection  of  drill  records    

Clays  available  at  coal  mines 

Surface  subsidence  due  to  mining 

Administration,  clerical  help,  and  drafting 
Telephone,  telegraph,  express,  and  freight 
Postage    


Balance  available  July   1,   1915, 


$  736.74 
25,000.00 
25,000.00 


9,112.69 
6,696,37 
1,190.78 
4,003.33 

457.34 
4,633.05 

896.01 

2,158.18 

42.44 

601.53 
1,356.81 

574.14 

585.90 
18,304.72 


42.22 
4,500.00 
4.500.00 


4,424,75 

330.45 

2.90 

177.63 

1,404.06 
557.51 
792.44 
840.52 
33.32 
200.00 


$50,736.74 


50,613.29 


$     123.45 


9,042.22 


8,763.58 


$     278.64 


22  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND  1914 

Expenditures — Concluded 

Special    appropriation    for   survey   and   study   of    overflowed 
lands — 

Balance  on  hand  July  1,  1913 $   496.48 

Appropriation  July  1,  1913   7,500.00 

Total  available   7,996.48 

Expenditures  July  1,  1913  to  June  30,  1915 4,281.87 

Balance  available  July  1,  1915 $  3,714.61 

Preparation  of  Illustrations  and  printing — 

Balance  on  hand  July  1,  1913   $        3.83 

Appropriation  July  1,  1913   5,000.00 

Appropriation  July  1,  1914  5,000.00 

Total  available    10,003.83 

Expenditures  July  1,  1913  to  June  30,  1915  9,883.79 

Balance  available  July  1,  1915   $      120.04 


MINERAL  RESOURCES  OF  ILLINOIS  IN 
1913  AND  1914 

By  Helen  J.  Skewes 


OUTLINE 

PAGE 

Introduction    24 

Acknowledgments    24 

General   review    24 

Coal    26 

Coke    30 

Pig  iron  30 

Petroleum    31 

Natural  gas    35 

Gasoline   36 

Asphalt     36 

Clay-working  industries    36 

Clay    36 

Clay  products  37 

Stone 40 

Sandstone    40 

Limestone    40 

Lime 41 

Cement     43 

Sand  and  gravel    43 

Fluorspar     46 

Mineral   water    46 

Tripoli  or  silica  47 

Pyrite  and  sulphuric  acid  47 

Lead,  zinc,  and  silver   48 

Mineral  paints   48 

ILLUSTRATION 

FIGURE 

1.     Relative  values  of  leading  Illinois  products  in  1914 26 

TABLES 

3.  Output  and  value  of  mineral  products  in  Illinois,  1910-1914 25 

4.  Production  of  coal  in  Illinois  by  counties,  in  short  tons,   1910-1914 27 

5.  Production  of  coal  in  Illinois,  by  counties,  in  short  tons,  1913  and  1914.  ...  28 

6.  Statistics  of  the  manufacture  of  coke  in  Illinois,  1910-1914 30 

7.  Production  in  long  tons  and  value  of  pig  iron  in  Illinois,  1911-1914 30 

8.  Marketed  production  in  barrels  and  value  of  petroleum  in  Illinois,  1889- 

1914    31 


(23) 


24  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND  1914 

TABLES— ( concluded ) 

PAGE 

9.     Marketed  production  of  petroleum  in  Illinois,  by  months,  in  barrels,  1910- 

1914    31 

10.  Average  daily  output  of  petroleum  in  Illinois,  by  months  and  years,  in 

barrels,  1910-1914  32 

11.  Fluctuation  in  prices  per  barrel  of  Illinois  petroleum,  1912-1914 32 

12.  Number  of  oil  wells  completed  in  Illinois,  by  months,  1913  and  1914 34 

13.  County  record  of  wells  drilled  in  Illinois,  1913  and  1914 34 

14.  Record  of  natural-gas  industry  in  Illinois,  1906-1914 35 

15.  Depth  and  rock  pressure  of  wells  in  Illinois,  1910-1914 35 

16.  Production  of  gasoline  from  natural  gas  in  Illinois,  1913  and  1914 36 

17.  Production  in  short  tons  and  value  of  clay  mined  and  marketed  in  Illinois, 

1910-1914     37 

18.  Clay  products  in  Illinois,  1910-1914 38 

19.  Production  and  value  of  brick  and  draintile  in  Illinois,  by  counties,  1913 

and   1914   39 

20.  Value  of  production  of  sandstone  and  limestone  in  Illinois,  1910-1914....  41 

21.  Portland  cement  industry  in  Illinois,  1910-1914 43 

22.  Production  in  short  tons  and  values  of  different  kinds  of  sand  and  gravel 

in  Illinois,  1910-1914  42 

23.  Production  in  short  tons  and  value  of  sand  and  gravel  in  Illinois  by  coun- 

ties, 1913  and  1914  44 

24.  Production  in  short  tons  and  value  of  fluorspar  in  Illinois,  1902-1914 46 

25.  Production  in  gallons  and  value  of  mineral  waters  in  Illinois,   1910-1914  46 

26.  Production  in  short  tons  and  value  of  tripoli  mined  in  Illinois,  1909-1914  47 

27.  Production  in  long  tons  and  value  of  pyrite  mined  in  Illinois,  1909-1914  47 

28.  Tenor  of  lead  and  zinc  ore  and  concentrates  in  Illinois,  1913  and  1914.  ...  49 

29.  Production  and  value  of  lead,  zinc,  and  silver  in  Illinois,  1910-1914 49 

INTRODUCTION 
Acknowledgments 

The  mineral  statistics  in  1913  and  1914  were  collected  by  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey  and  Illinois  State  Geological  Survey  in  cooperation.  The 
figures  used  in  this  paper  are  compilations  by  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey 
from  reports  made  by  individual  operators. 

General  Review 

Illinois  ranked  third  in  total  value  of  mineral  production  in  1913  and 
1914,  the  preceding  positions  having  been  held  by  Pennsylvania  and  West 
Virginia.  This  prominence  is  due  chiefly  to  its  larger  output  of  coal  and 
petroleum,  and  to  the  development  of  the  clay  industries.  As  a  manufac- 
turer of  pig  iron  and  coke  Illinois  stands  high,  but  since  the  material  is 
imported,  the  value  of  this  product  can  not  be  included  in  the  total.  As  a 
producer  of  fluorspar  Illinois  enjoys  an  international  reputation  as  its  de- 
posits in  Pope  and  Hardin  counties  are  the  largest  in  the  world.  Portland 
cement  is  also  a  leading  product  and  is  growing  rapidly. 


MINERAL  RESOURCES  IN   1913  AND   1914 


25 


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26 


BIENNIAL  REPORT   EOR   1913  AND   1914 


A  record  in  total  value  of  mineral  production  was  made  for  Illinois  in 
1913  (Table  3)  due  largely  to  the  remarkable  advance  in  prices  of  petroleum. 
In  1914  the  values  for  both  coal  and  petroleum  fell  decidedly  and  the  total 
value  of  mineral  output  declined  about  8  per  cent. 


COAL 

In  both  1913  and  1914  Illinois  ranked  third  in  total  quantity  and  in 
total  value  of  coal  mined,  having  produced  in  these  years  respectively  10.8 
per  cent  and  11.2  per  cent  of  the  total  output  for  the  United  States.  Penn- 
sylvania and  West  Virginia  held  the  first  and  second  ranks  among  coal- 
producing  states. 

The  year  1913  was  a  record  breaker  for  quantity  of  output  of  coal  in 
Illinois  (Table  4).  This  was  occasioned  partly  by  the  increased  demand 
from  states  to  the  west,  due  to  a  diminished  supply  of  gas  and  to  strikes 


RELATIVE    VALUE    OF    ILLINOIS    PRODUCTS 
1914 

0                               20                              40                              60        MIL.  $ 

COAL 
OIL 

CLAY   PROD. 

CEMENT 

SAND   GRAV 
&   STONE 

— 

Fig.  1. — Relative  values  of  leading  products  in  Illinois  in  1914. 

in  the  more  western  fields,  as  in  Colorado.  In  spite  of  this  demand  and 
increased  wages  of  mine  workers,  the  value  per  ton  at  the  mines  decreased 
from  an  average  of  $1.17  in  1912  to  $1.14  in  1913. 

In  1914  the  quantity  of  coal  mined  declined  6.5  per  cent  and  the  value 
8  per  cent  as  compared  with  1913  (Table  4).  This  decrease  was  due  largely 
to  the  biennial  shut-down  that  varied  in  duration  in  different  districts  from 
30  to  60  days.  A  drought  in  southern  Illinois  and  Indiana  affected  business 
seriously  and  increased  costs,  as  water  had  to  be  shipped  into  many  districts 
in  tank  cars  to  keep  the  mines  operating.  The  average  value  per  ton  declined 
to  $1.12. 

Of  the  48  coal-producing  counties  during  these  two  years,  16  reported 
over  one  million  tons  (Table  5).  In  1913  the  decreasing  ranks  of  the  first 
7  counties  were  Williamson,  Franklin,  Sangamon,  Macoupin,  St.  Clair, 
Saline,  and  Madison;  in  1914  Franklin  County  outranked  Williamson,  and 
these  were  followed  by  Sangamon,  Macoupin,  Madison,  and  St.  Clair. 


MINERAL  RESOURCES  IN   1913  AND   1914 


27 


Table  4. — Production  of  coal  in  Illinois,  by  counties,  in  short  tons,  1910-1914 


County 


1910 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1914 


Bond     _-- 139,398 

Bureau    973,346 

Calhoun     

Christian     1,223,295 

Clinton    950,243 

Franklin     1,778,768 

Fulton      1,721,527 

Gallatin     70,091 

Greene     '  9,082 

Grundy      600,281 

Hancock     640 

Henry     124,243 

Jackson     584,240 

Jefferson     10,000 

Knox     28,295 

La  Salle 1,178,885 

Livingston     -  162,898 

Logan     409,244 

McDonough    -  26,338 

McLean    83,982 

Macon     235,361 

Macoupin     3,854,229 

Madison     4,102,773 

Marion     812,873 

Marshall     267,447 

Menard     332,557 

Mercer     229,024 

Montgomery     1,799,720 

Morgan     1,300 

Peoria    810,595 

Perry     1,367,771 

Putnam     364,882 

Randolph    1,025,557 

Rock    Island    66,207 

St.    Clair    5,788,567 

Saline     2,459.650 

Sangamon    4,449,634 

Schuyler     2,427 

Scott     2,400 

Shelby     135,672 

Stark     , 32,582 

Tazewell     155,659 

Vermilion     2,515,250 

Warren    10,275 

Washington     22,500 

White  23,722 

Will    124,652 

Williamson 4,620,372 

Woodford    125,823 

Small    mines ,  85,969 

Total     45,900,246 

Total    value    '    $52,405,897 

°Includes    production    of    Johnson    County. 
bIncludes   production   of   Moultrie   County. 


119,250 

232,571 

223,786 

123,730 

1,628,688 

1,677,317 

1,639,208 

1,284,311 

1,400 

1,156 

1,222,259 

1,467,846 

1,504,716 

1,486,053 

921,225 

1,040,479 

1,049,575 

1,090,787 

3,555,586 

4,442,284 

6,072,102 

7,311,209 

2,133,029 

2,453,424 

2,388,775 

2,052,170 

63,008 

64,244 

46,105 

81,735 

6,207 

7,841 

5,009 

6,665 

776,800 

540,787 

401,527 

388,368 

320 

1,678 

90,722 

58,613 

43,383 

47,010 

687,753 

703,190 

723,863 

601,697 

9,500 

21,032 

35,000 

9,051 

30,136 

22,293 

18,280 

14,150 

1,610,470 

1,537,591 

1,564,459 

1,279,593 

89,423 

65,774 

63,877 

64,461 

334,860 

466,528 

351,666 

352,181 

8,027 

14,446 

12,603 

5,251 

96,517 

89,781 

88,777 

78,008 

236,203 

291,590 

206,140 

217,217 

4,688,212 

4,986,574 

5,097,619 

4.555,834 

3,152,705 

4,025,878 

3,732,153 

3,546,256 

1,224,326 

1,311,024 

988,964 

906,837 

423,984 

449,660 

426,490 

383,331 

190,477 

177,578 

120,174 

76,603 

297,552 

393,018 

408,875 

372,528 

2,395,814 

2,182,823 

2,689,702 

2,597,677 

1,268 

1,000 

1,222 

a906 

1,037,362 

1,225,574 

1,163,073 

1,055,323 

1,272,292 

1,444,114 

2,013,128 

2,236,480 

772,976 

720,048 

724,170 

605,863 

777,746 

798,163 

763,472 

956,582 

65,983 

66,817 

35,672 

36,022 

3,931,479 

4,734,840 

4,383,459 

3,246,322 

3,820,410 

4,417,874 

4,189,003 

3,746,656 

5,137,835 

5,714,742 

5,875,853 

5,679,595 

6,138 

4,573 

1,855 

2,781 

464 

460 

600 

1,000 

81,615 

185,501 

193,632 

196,339 

37,293 

34,176 

14,610 

12,703 

220,783 

171,321 

341,626 

335,566 

3,385,200 

3,424,923 

3,501,880 

2,394,081 

9,044 

5,021 

3,383 

1,510 

25,000 

244,879 

319,370 

497,000 

35,681 

27,052 

22,304 

32,111 

178,397 

130,806 

149,926 

136,758 

6,614,029 

7,354,507 

7,644,397 

7,066,029 

164,001 

185,499 

"302,184 

315,840 

109,759 

157,994 

71,097 

98,340 

53,679,118 

59,885,226 

61,618,744 

57,589,197 

$59,519,478 

$70,294,338 

$70,313,605 

$64,693,529 

28 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  EOR  1913  AND  1914 


The  increased  use  of  mining  machinery  has  increased  the  efficiency  in 
the  labor  employed.  In  1911  the  output  per  man  was  3.7  tons  for  each 
working  day ;  in  1914  it  was  4.2  tons. 


Table  5. — Production  of  coal  in  Illinois,  by  counties,  in  short  tons,  1913  and  1914 

1913 


Sold  to 

Aver- 

Aver- 

Loaded 

local 

Used  at 

Aver- 

age 

age 

at  mines 

trade 

mines  for        Total 

Total 

age 

num- 

num- 

County 

for  ship- 

and used 

steam         quantity 

value 

value 

ber  of 

ber  of 

ment 

by  em- 
ployees 

and  heat 

per 
ton 

days 
active 

em- 
ployees 

Bureau     

Christian     

Clinton     

Franklin    

Fulton    

Gallatin    

Grundy     

Henry     

Jackson     

Knox     

La  Salle     

Livingston    

Logan     

McDonough     

Macoupin    

Madison     

Marion     

Marshall    

Menard     

Mercer     

Montgomery    

Peoria     

Perry    

Randolph     

Rock    Island    

St.     Clair    

Saline     

Sangamon     

Shelby    

Stark     

Tazewell    

Vermilion     

Will     

Williamson     

Other    counties" 
and   small   mines. 


1,514,958 

1,353,559 

1,001,903 

5,872,038 

2,282,585 

41,214 

361,221 

320 

641,946 

1,125,740 

1,524 

268,696 

1,682 

4,908,004 

3,534,531 

945,572 

340,639 

77,673 

374,846 

2,603,826 

1,048,737 

1,918,763 

711,894 

2,062 

4,105,508 

4,065,766 

5,457,986 

165,489 

3,775 

268,412 

3,268,325 

130,668 

7,379,489 

1,549,728 


55,964 
79,286 
11,601 
42,254 
45,776 
3,884 
23,598 
41,388 
27,912 
17,672 

364,790 
61,154 
55,273 
10,921 
71,020 

105,390 
18,356 
62,174 
35,577 
18,305 
37,975 
91,910 
30,146 
28,316 
29,810 

187,707 
33,728 

255,273 
18.678 
10,315 
67,015 

174,752 
14,358 
67,203 

369,486 


68,286 
71,871 
36,071 
157,810 
60,424 

1,007 
16,708 

1,675 

54,005 

608 

73,929 

1,199 
27,697 

118,595 
92,232 
25,036 
23,677 

6,924 
15,724 
47,901 
22,426 
64,219 
23,262 

3,800 

90,244 

89,509 

162,594 

9,465 
520 

6,199 
58,803 

4,900 
197,705 

85,683 


Total  57,329,079   2,568,957   1,720,708  61,618,744  70,313,605   $1.14 


1,639,208 

1,504,716 

1,049,575 

6,072,102 

2,388,775 

46,105 

401,527 

43,383 

723,863 

18,280 

1,564,459 

63,877 

351,666 

12,603 

5,097,619 

3,732,153 

988,964 

426,490 

120,174 

408,875 

2,689,702 

1,163,073 

2,013,128 

763,472 

35,672 

4,383,459 

4,189,003 

5,875,853 

193,632 

14,610 

341,626 

3,501,880 

149,926 

7,644,397 

2,004,897 


$2,614,561 

$1.60 

207 

1,672,004 

1.11 

156 

1,021,262 

.97 

157 

7,007,904 

1.15 

220 

3,055,825 

1.28 

191 

50,835 

1.10 

113 

663,649 

1.65 

153 

79,015 

1.82 

180 

1,028,754 

1.42 

174 

34,318 

1.88 

189 

2,738,704 

1.75 

237 

104,901 

1.64 

248 

435,250 

1.24 

193 

27,656 

2.19 

161 

5,057,710 

.99 

193 

3,824,161 

1.02 

157 

998,143 

1.01 

175 

776,171 

1.82 

217 

151,633 

1.26 

148 

580,790 

1.42 

198 

2,797,777 

1.04 

187 

1,432,687 

1.23 

206 

2,055,441 

1.02 

190 

772,579 

1.01 

149 

54,677 

1.53 

132 

4,192,122 

.96 

175 

4,739,217 

1.13 

200 

6,277,960 

1.07 

164 

259,053 

1.34 

167 

26,060 

1.78 

141 

417,709 

1.22 

246 

4,007,167 

1.14 

214 

285,640 

1.91 

187 

8,263,104 

1.08 

180 

2,809,166 

1.40 

214 

70,313,605 

$1.14 

189 

3,790 
2,294 
1,377 
5,662 
3,569 

148 
1,148 

113 

974 

51 

2,893 

100 

597 
35 
5,472 
4,393 
1,438 
1,078 

281 

581 
3,086 
1,519 
2,267 
1,003 
75 
4,785 
4,911 
7,775 

406 
46 

433 
4,058 

387 
9,472 

3,312 


79,529 


QBond,  Greene,  Jefferson,  McLean,  Macon,  Morgan,  Moultrie,  Putnam,  Schuyler,  Scott,  Warren, 
Washington,  White,  and  Woodford. 


MINERAL  RESOURCES  IN  1913  AND   1914 


29 


Table  5. — Production  of  coal  in  Illinois,  by  counties,  in  short  tons,  1913  and  1914 

— Concluded 
1914 


Sold  to 

Aver- 

Aver- 

Aver- 

Loaded 

local 

!   Used  at 

age 

age 

County 

at  mines 

trade 

mines  for 

Total 

Total 

age 
value 

num- 

num- 

for ship- 

and used 

steam 

quantity 

value 

ber  of 

ber  of 

ment 

by  em- 

and heat 

per 
ton 

days 

em- 

ployees 

active 

ployees 

Bureau   

Christian     

Clinton     

Franklin    

Fulton    

Gallatin    

Greene    

Grundy     

Henry     

Jackson    

Knox     

La  Salle     

Livingston    

Logan     

McDonough     

Macoupin    

Madison     

Marion    

Marshall    

Menard    

Mercer    

Montgomery    

Peoria     

Perry    

Randolph    

Rock    Island    

St.    Clair   

Saline     

Sangamon     

Shelby    

Stark     

Tazewell    

Vermilion     

Will     

Williamson     

Other    counties" 
and    small   mines. 

Total    


1,211,076 
1,365,081 
1,040,902 
7,023,068 
1,960,370 
79,540 

352,299 

545,992 

849,159 

12,863 

250,031 

4,387,704 
3,369,242 

871,319 

301,152 
40,409 

342,329 
2,526,076 

950,300 
2,148,936 


3,017,040 
3,640,096 
5,284,214 

168,105 
200 

276,552 
2,194,218 

117,347 
6,832,513 

1,529,262 

53,583,390 


37,035 
75,474 
13,956 
79,782 
49,534 
1,575 
6,590 
23,657 
45,232 
19,101 
13,650 

371,963 
47,770 
73,215 
5,251 
80,537 
93,198 
12,243 
60,231 
33,780 
16,141 
29,134 
86,474 
40,688 
31,466 
35,308 

160,330 
28,451 

258,576 
19,489 
12,353 
54,217 

156,228 
13,551 
53,316 

377,007 


36,200 

45,498 

35,929 

208,359 

42,266 

620 

75 

12,412 

1,778 

36,604 

500 

58,470 

3,828 

28,935 

87,593 
83,816 
23,275 
21,948 

2,414 
14,058 
42,467 
18,549 
46,856 
29,121 
714 
68,952 
78,109  i 
136,805 

8,745 
150 

4,797 
43,635 

5,860 
180,200 

79,766 


1,284,311 

1,486,053 

1,090,787 

7,311,209 

2,052,170 

81,735 

6,665 

388,368 

47,010 

601,697 

14,150 

1,279,592 

64,461 

352,181 

5,251 

4,555,834 

3,546,256 

906,837 

383,331 

76,603 

372,528 

2,597,677 

1,055,323 

2,236,480 

956,582 

36,022 

3,246,322 

3,746,656 

5,679,595 

196,339 

12,703 

335,566 

2,394,081 

136,758 

7,066,029 

1,986,035 


2,516,503       1,489,304     57,589,197     64,693,529 


$2,138,716 

1,677,143 

1,110,044 

8,533,516 

2,588,881 

84,135 

13,330 

686,992 

75,791 

855,951 

27,230 

2,242,493 

106,380 

460,647 

10,695 

4,363,318 

3,509,461 

904,590 

708,250 

103,206 

538,637 

2,636,581 

1,267,777 

2,173,488 

937,564 

62,703 

2,951,890 

4,034,121 

5,955,278 

248,641 

25,181 

412,466 

2,716,631 

240,192 

7,500,210 

2,791,400 


"Bond,    Hancock,    Jefferson,    Johnson,    McLean, 
Scott,   Warren,   Washington,   White,   and  Woodford. 


Macon,    Morgan,    Moultrie,    Putnam,    Schuyler, 


30 


BIENNIAL  REPORT   FOR    1913   AND   1914 


COKE 

All  Illinois  coke  in  1913  and  1914  was  made  in  retort  ovens  at  South 
Chicago,  Joliet,  and  Waukegan.  These  establishments  draw  most  of  their 
coal  from  Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia. 

In  1913  the  statistics  showed  an  increase  of  5.4  per  cent  in  quantity  and 
6.5  per  cent  in  value  of  coke  produced,  as  compared  with  the  previous  year. 
In  1914  there  was  a  decided  decrease  in  this  industry  amounting  to  24.5  per 
cent  in  quantity  and  32.2  per  cent  in  value.  Table  6  presents  the  statistics 
of  the  manufacture  of  coke  in  Illinois  during  the  past  5  years. 

Table  6. — Statistics  of  the  manufacture   of  coke  in  Illinois,  1910-1914 


Year 

Ovens 
Establish- 

Yield,           Coke 

Total 
value  of 

Value  of 
coke  at 

ments 

Built          Building 

Coal  used 

in  coke                                  ovens 

ovens  per 
ton 

1910     

1911     

1912     

1913     

1914     

■  1 

5  508 

4                 506                   48 

6  594                   40 
4                 568                   58 
4               "586                 "40 

Short 
tons 
1 ,972,955 
2,087,870 
2,316,307 
2,481,198 
1,932,132 

Short 
Per  cent          tons 

76.8  l.f.l  4,504 

77.1  '    1,610,212 

76.2  1 .764,944 

74.9  1,859,553 
73.8             1,425,168 

$6,712,550 
6,390,251 
8,069,903 
8,593,581 
5,858,700 

$4.43 
3.97 
4.57 
4.62 
4.11 

"Includes   253    Semet-Solvay,    315    Koppers,    and    18   Wilputte    ovens. 
bSemet-Solvay  ovens. 

PIG  IRON 

In  both  1913  and  1914  Illinois  ranked  third  in  output  of  pig  iron,  having 
been  preceded  by  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio.  A  record  was  made  in  1913,  but 
in  accordance  with  the  condition  of  the  iron  industry  throughout  the  country 
in  1914,  Illinois  showed  a  decrease  in  the  production  of  pig  iron  amounting 
to  38.0  per  cent,  and  in  value  amounting  to  46.8  per  cent,  as  compared  with 
the  figures  for  the  preceding  year.  The  rank  of  third  among  the  states  was 
maintained,  having  been  preceded  by  Pennsylvania  and  Ohio.  The  manu- 
facture of  this  product  in  Illinois  is  from  ore  shipped  into  Chicago  and 
vicinity  from  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  and  Minnesota.  The  statistics  for  pig 
iron  in  Illinois  from  1911  to  1914  are  given  in  Table  7. 


Table  7. — Production  in  long  tons  and  value  of  pig  iron  in  Illinois,  1911-1914 

Year  Quantity 


1910 

1911 
1912 
1913 
L914 


2,675,646 
2,036,0S1 
2,806,378 
2,892,263 
1,793,714 


Average 

Value 

price  per 

ton 

$42,917,362 

$15.91 

31,152,927 

15.30 

42,828,816 

15.26 

45,796,966 

15.83 

24,382,458 

13.57 

MINERAL  RESOURCES  IN   1913  AND   1914 


31 


PETROLEUM 

In  1913  and  1914  Illinois  held  third  rank  among  the  oil-producing 
states,  having  been  preceded  by  California  and  Oklahoma.  In  1913  this 
State  produced  9.62  per  cent  of  the  total  quantity  for  the  United  States,  and 
in  1914  it  was  8.25  per  cent.  Because  of  the  high  quality  of  the  oil,  the  value 
of  the  Illinois  output  in  1913  was  13.06  per  cent  of  the  total  value  for  the 
country,  and  in  1914  it  was  11.87  per  cent. 

A  sharp  decline  of  16.5  per  cent  in  total  quantity  of  oil  produced  was 
felt  in  1913,  and  the  decrease  continued  in  1914  when  it  amounted  to  8.3  per 
cent.  Because  of  marked  advances  in  prices  in  1913  the  total  value  of  the 
output  was  27.3  per  cent  over  the  previous  year;  but  in  1914  a  loss  of  17.9 
per  cent  was  felt.  Tables  8  to  11  give  the  history  of  oil  production  and  the 
fluctuation  in  prices  for  the  last  three  years. 

Table  8. — Marketed  production  in  barrels  and  value  of  petroleum  in  Illinois,  1889-1914 


Year 


Marketed 
production 


1889-1904  

6,576 

1905   -_  -.  _   - 

181,084 

1906 

4,397,050 

1907  

24,281,973 

1908   -   _ 

33,686,238 

1909 

30,898,339 

1910  

33,143,362 

1911   .-  — 

31,317,038 

1912  

28,601,308 

1913 __  __  _-  _.  _._ 

23,893,899 

1914  

21,919,749 

Percentage 
of  U.  S. 
production 


Value 


0.14 

3.47 

14.62 

18.76 

16.87 

15.82 

14.21 

12.88 

9.62 

8.25 


$  116,561 
3,274,818 
16,432,947 
22,649,561 
19,788,864 
19,669,383 
19,734,339 
24,332,605 
30,971,910 
25,426,179 


Yearly- 
average  price 
per  barrel 


\  .644 
.745 
.677 
.672 
.640 
.593 
.630 
.851 
1.296 
1.160 


Table  9. — Marketed  production  of  petroleum  in  Illinois,  by  months,  in  barrels,  1910-1914 


Month 


1910 


January     2,640,303 

February     2,353,684 

March     '         2,865,055 

April     2,776,800 

May     2,860,760 

June    2,746,620 

July    3,029,787 

August     3,007,151 

September     2,850,119 

October    2,768,750 

November     2,629,132 

December    2,615,201 

Total     33,143,362 


1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

2,578,579 

2,241,867 

2,149,264 

1,935,492 

2,373,229 

2,262,440 

1,859,412 

1,570,790 

2,790,515 

2,369,428 

2,008,245 

1,969,915 

2,560,963 

2,351,693 

2,015,058 

1,833,099 

2,731,965 

2,535,039 

2,117,425 

1,970,688 

2,634,521 

2,503,038 

2,003,278 

1,932,303 

2,740,654 

2,698,582 

2,075,444 

1,907,521 

2,770,946 

2,519,651 

2,001,228 

1,844,983 

2,615,120 

2,366,712 

1,942,052 

1,817,437 

2,638,927 

2,424,472 

1,982,002 

1,813,364 

2,400,670 

2,174,856 

1,819,116 

1,678,783 

2,480,949 

2,153,530 

1,921,375 

1,645,374 

31,317,038 

28,601,308 

23,893,899 

21,919,749 

32 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND   1914 


Table  10. — Average  daily  output  of  petroleum  in  Illinois,  by  months  and  years, 

in  barrels,  1910-1914 


Month 


1910 


1911 


January    85,171 

February     84,060 

March  92,421 

April     92,560 

May     92,283 

June    91,554 

July     97,735 

August   97,005 

September    95,004 

October    89,315 

November     87,638 

December     84,361 

Average     90,804  85,800 


83,180 
84,758 
90,017 
85,365 
88,128 
87,817 
88,408 
89,385 
87,171 
85,127 
80,022 
80,031 


1912 


72,318 
78,015 
76,433 
78,390 
81,775 
83,435 
87,051 
81,279 
78,890 
78,209 
72,495 
69,469 


78,146 


1913 


69,331 
66,407 
64,782 
67,169 
68,304 
66,776 
66,950 
64,556 
64,735 
63,936 
60,637 
61,980 


65,463 


1914 


62,435 
56,100 
63,546 
61,103 
63,570 
64,410 
61,533 
59,516 
60,581 
58,496 
55,959 
53,076 


60,054 


Table  11. — Fluctuation  in  prices,  per  barrel,  of  Illinois  petroleum,  1912-1914 


Date 


1912 
Jan.  1  __. 
Jan.  2  ... 
Jan.  6  ... 
Jan.  24  .. 
Feb.  1  ... 
Mar.  4  _. 
Apr.  24  _. 
May  24  .. 
June  13  . 
June  27  . 
July  25  .. 
Sept.  12  . 
Oct.  28  _. 
Nov.  9  _. 
Nov.  15  . 
Nov.  25  . 
Dec.  2  ... 
Dec.  9  ... 
Dec.  16  .. 
Dec.  20  .. 
Dec.  23  _. 


Above 
30°  B 


Below 
30°  B 


$0.67 
.70 
.72 
.75 
.78 
.81 
.83 


.87 

.90 
.92 
.94 
.96 
.99 
1.02 
1.05 


U 


$0.57 
.60 
.62 
.65 
.68 
.71 
.73 
.75 
.77 
.79 
.82 
.84 
.87 
.89 
.91 
.93 
.96 
.99 
1.02 
1.05 
1.05 


Date 


Above 
30°  B 


1913 

Jan.    1    $1.08 

Jan.   3   1.08 

Jan.   27   1.11 

Feb.  2 1.14 

Feb.   5  !          1.17 

Feb.  6  1.20 

Feb.  20 1.25 

Apr.  16  |         1.30 

Nov.    5    1.35 

Nov.  19 1.40 

Nov.  22 1.45 


Below 
30°  B 


$1.05 


Date 

1914 
Jan.  1  ... 
Apr.  18  .. 
Apr.  25  .. 
Apr.  28  _. 
May  1  ._. 
May  5  _.. 
May  12  _. 
June  17  .. 
Aug.  1  — 
Aug.  7  — 
Sept.  14  . 
Sept.  23  . 
Oct.   26   _. 


All 
grades 


$1.45 
1.40 
1.35 
1.30 
1.25 
1.20 
1.15 
1.12 
1.07 
1.02 
.97 
.92 


Lawrence  County  is  the  richest  oil-producing  area  in  Illinois  where  the 
accumulation  is  governed  by  a  strong  double-plunging  anticline.  Seven 
sands  ranging  in  depths  from  450  to  1,985  feet  contain  large  quantities  of 
high-grade  oil.  In  1913  several  isolated  pools  were  opened  in  Lawrence- 
ville,  but  general  drilling  was  handicapped  by  the  drought.  In  1914  consid- 
erable impetus  was  given  to  the  development  of  this  territory  by  a  3,100- 
barrel  gusher  from  the  McClosky  sand  in  sec.  5,  Dennison  Township,  on 


MINERAL  RESOURCES  IN   1913  AND   1914  33 

the  6th  of  April.  A  substantial  eastern  and  southeastern  addition  to  the 
productive  area  followed  and  kept  the  total  output  for  the  county  in  1914 
practically  equal  to  that  of  the  previous  year. 

Crawford  County  stands  second  among  the  oil-producing  counties  of 
the  State.  Most  of  the  new  wells  were  put  down  within  the  fields  already 
defined,  and  very  little  new  territory  was  opened  up.  Near  the  end  of  1913 
oil  was  found  on  a  town  lot  in  the  north  part  of  Robinson,  and  this  was 
rapidly  developed  and  exhausted  early  in  1914  owing  to  the  small  extent  of 
the  pool. 

The  Allendale  field  of  Wabash  County  discovered  in  1912  continued  to 
yield  a  small  production. 

In  south-central  Illinois  the  Carlyle  pool  continued  to  decline.  The 
Sandoval  pool  in  Marion  County  showed  a  steady  yield  with  a  slight  decline. 
In  Macoupin  County  the  Carlinville  field  was  composed  of  6  gas  and  8  oil 
wells  in  1913,  the  yield  having  been  about  200  barrels  daily;  but  in  1914  the 
production  fell  below  100  barrels  daily  from  3  wells. 

The  latest  development  of  oil  territory  in  Illinois  is  the  western  field  in 
McDonough  County.  In  April,  1914,  a  75-barrel  well  at  a  depth  of  417  feet 
on  the  J.  Hoing  farm  in  the  SW.  }i  NW.  JA  sec.  16,  T.  4  N.,  R.  4  W.  ( La- 
moine),  aroused  considerable  excitement.  Before  the  end  of  the  year  of 
the  174  wells  that  had  been  drilled  in  this  Colmar  field  36  were  barren,  and 
138  yield  a  total  initial  daily  production  of  3,919  barrels.  This  discovery  of 
oil  is  of  especial  interest  as  it  followed  recommendations  by  the  State  Geo- 
logical Survey1  in  cooperation  with  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  on  the  folio 
work  for  the  Colchester  and  Macomb  quadrangles. 

During  1913  and  1914  unsuccessful  tests  were  made  near  Equality, 
Harrisburg,  Duquoin,  Murphysboro,  Hoffman,  Hoyleton,  Edwardsville, 
Millstadt,  Pinkstaff,  Kinsman,  Lexington,  Dundas,  Anna,  Olive  Branch, 
Villa  Grove,  Mahomet,  Sorento,  Ava,  Staunton,  Collinsville,  Ohlman,  No- 
komis,  Cottage  Grove,  Birmingham,  Brooklyn,  Camden,  Mode,  Shelby,  and 
Allerton. 

The  total  number  of  wells  drilled  in  Illinois  up  to  January  1,  1915,  has 
been  estimated  to  be  24,566,  of  which  number  4,120  or  16.7  per  cent 
were  dry. 

The  record  of  drilling  in  Illinois  in  1913  and  1914  is  given  in  Tables 
12  and  13. 


1Hinds,   Henry,   Oil   and   gas   in   the   Colchester   and   Macomb   quadrangles:     111.    State   Geol.    Sur- 
vey  Extract   Bull.   23,  pp.    11-13,   1914. 


34 


BIENNIAL  REPORT   FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Table  12. — Number  of  oil  wells  completed  in  Illinois,  by  months,  1913  and  1914 


Month 


1913 


Gas 


Dry 


Total 


1914 


Oil 


Gas 


Dry         Total 


January     - 
February 
March     ... 

April    

May     

June    

July  ____. 
August  _  — 
September 
October  _. 
November 
December 

Total 


106 

83 

71 

92 

137 

112 

139 

116 

145 

151 

115 

96 

1,363 


23 
22 
12 
13 
21 
35 
28 
38 
16 
31 
24 
15 

278 


131 
107 
89 
105 
159 
153 
170 
156 
163 
181 
143 
164 

1,721 


126 

103 

116 

148 

116 

123 

98 

98 

111 

69 

48 

35 

1,191 


15 
28 
18 
41 
35 
52 
37 
39 
28 
27 
14 
22 

356 


148 

135 

136 

191 

154 

180 

138 

140 

139 

98 

63 

57 

1,579 


Table  13. — County  record  of  wells  drilled  in  Illinois,  1913  and  1914 

1913 


County 


Oil 


Total 

initial 

daily 

production 


Average 

initial 

daily 

production 


Gas 


Dry 


Total 


Clark     

Clinton     

Coles     

Crawford     

Cumberland   . 

Hancock    

Jasper     

Lawrence    

McDonough 

Macoupin    

Marion     

Wabash    

Miscellaneous 

Total     .__ 

Clark     

Clinton     

Coles     

Crawford    

Cumberland 

Hancock    

Jasper     

Lawrence    

McDonough 

Macoupin    

Marion   

Wabash    

Miscellaneous 

Total 


169 

14 

3 

540 

49 

2 
538 

3 

21 
24 


1,363 


Bbls. 
2,610 

134 

75 

9,990 

595 

30 
32,316 

165 
492 


47,405 


Bbls. 
15.4 
9.6 
25.0 
18.5 
12.1 

15.0 
60.1 

55.0 
23.4 


34.i 


56 


35 

5 

3 

110 

11 


278 


208 

19 

6 

669 
61 

2 


6 

9 

1 

22 

24 

48 

14 

14 

1,721 


1914 


157 

1,590 

10.1 

2 

20 

10.0 

16 

172 

10.7 

542 

8,613 

15.9 

22 

127 

15.8 

1 

45 

45.0 

3 

28 

9.3 

294 

24,324 

82.7 

138 

3,919 

28.4 

3 

15 

5.0 

6 

70 

11.6 

7 

345 

49.3 







1,191 


39,268 


33.0 


28 


32 


62 

2 

5 

136 

2 

19 


36 

2 

1 

5 

15 

356 


221 

4 

21 

706 

24 

20 

5 

365 

174 

5 

7 

12 

15 

1,579 


MINERAL   RESOURCES   TN   1913   AND   1914 


35 


NATURAL  GAS 

The  estimated  quantity  of  natural  gas  produced  in  Illinois  in  1913  was 
4,767,128,000  cubic  feet,  valued  at  $574,015;  in  1914  it  was  3,547,841,000 
cubic  feet,  valued  at  $437,275.  By  far  the  largest  amount  of  the  gas  is  used 
for  domestic  purposes ;  of  that  used  industrially  five  times  as  much  is  used 
for  power  as  for  manufacturing.  Most  of  that  consumed  for  power  was 
used  for  engines  and  boilers  for  operating  in  the  oil  fields.  Some  of  the  gas 
is  so  rich  in  gasoline  that  a  few  plants  have  been  installed  for  the  extraction 
of  this  product. 

Table  14. — Record  of  natural-gas  industry  in  Illinois,  1906-1914 


Gas  produced 


Gas  consumed 


Wells 


Year 


Num- 

ber  of    I      value 
pro- 
ducers  ' 


Number  of  con- 
sumers 


Domestic 


Indus- 
trial 


Value 


Drilled 


Gas 


Dry 


Produc- 
tive 
Dec. 
31 


1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 


128 
185 
194 
207 
225 
223 
231 
235 


$87,211 
143,577 
446,077 
644,401 
613,642 
687,726 
616,467 
574,015 
437,275 


1,429 

2,126 

"7,377 

"8,458 

"10,109 

"10,078 

"10,691 

"10,423 

"8,952 


2 

61 
"204 
"518 
"261 
"293 
"212 
"279 
"153 


$87,211 
143,577 
"446,077 
"644,401 
"613,642 
"687,726 
"616,467 
"574,015 
"437,275 


_._. 

___. 

94 

41 

121 

42 

56 

11 

■64 

31 

69 

78 

56 

147 

60 

119 

38 

114 

200 
283 
400 
423 
458 
458 
453 
455 
417 


"Includes  number  of  consumers  and  value  of  gas  consumed  in  Vincennes,  Ind. 

Table  15. — Depth  and  rock  pressure  of  wells  in  Illinois,  1910-1914,  by  counties 


County- 


Depth,  in 
feet 


1910 


Pressure,  in  pounds 


1911 


1912 


1913 


1914 


Bond    |         925—1,100 

Lawrence     700—1,900 

Bureau     1           98—    357 

Champaign     80 —    140 

Clark     250—    610 

Crawford    '          400—1,550 

Cumberland     500—1,000 

Dewitt    85—    127 

Edgar    230-    600 

Lee     126—    280 

Logan    84—     90 

McHenry     ] 

McLean    L    160—   372 

Macoupin     - 

Montgomery    55 —      67 

Morgan    226—    400 

Pike     89—    350 


200—750 

0-  23 
15—  32 
35—  45 
20—225 

25—  50 
75—127 

18—  28 


Hi 


100—350 

0-  42 
15—  30 
10—  60 
10-150 

20-  50 
50—  90 
19—  28 


10-  22 


0—100 
1—  20 


40—410 

0—  80 

0—  20 

15—105 

20—200 

0—  50 
75—130 
12—  28 


0—100 
0—  10 


35-355 

0—  42 

0—  30 

0—  30 

20—350 


0- 

-  25 

50- 

-135 

12- 

-  28 

1— 

0— 
0— 


40—350 

0—  35 
0—  30 

25—450 

65 

0—  20 

80-135 

15—  28 


0—  20 
0—  53 


36 


BIENNIAL  REPORT   FOR   1913  AND   1914 


The  principal  areas  of  commercial  gas  production  are  coextensive  with 
the  oil  fields.  The  larger  part  of  the  gas  comes  from  Cumberland,  Clark, 
Crawford,  and  Lawrence  counties,  where  the  Pennsylvania!!  series  and 
Chester  group  of  the  Mississippian  series  are  productive. 

Greenville,  Bond  County,  is  supplied  by  four  wells  from  sands  a  depths 
of  925  and  1,055  feet  in  the  Chester  group.  Hey  worth,  McLean  County, 
obtains  its  supply  from  the  glacial  drift.  Throughout  Bureau,  Champaign, 
Dewitt,  Edgar,  Lee,  Morgan,  Montgomery,  and  Pike  counties  many  wells 
in  the  drift  supply  one  or  two  families  each. 

GASOLINE 

The  casing-head  gasoline  industry  in  Illinois  is  very  recent.  It  reached 
an  important  development  in  1913,  and  in  1914  the  output  was  increased  100 
per  cent,  though  the  market  depression  brought  down  the  prices  so  greatly 
that  the  increase  in  total  value  was  only  about  50  per  cent.  The  gasoline 
industry  is  confined  to  the  fields  of  Crawford  and  Lawrence  counties  where 
the  content  of  gas  ranges  from  2  to  5.5  gallons  per  thousand  cubic  feet,  the 
number  in  1914  having  been  2.52  gallons.  Table  16  shows  the  development 
of  the  industry  in  1913  and  1914. 


Table  16. — Production  of  gasoline  from  natural  gas  in  Illinois,  1913  and  1914 


1914 


Number    of    plants 

Quantity     gals. 

Value     

Price  per   gallon cents 

Gas    used    cu.  ft. 

Average  yield  of  gas  per  M  cubic    feet    gals. 


14 

1,164,178 

$100,331 

8.62 

462,321,000 

2.52 


ASPHALT 

In  1913  and  1914  oil  asphalt  was  manufactured  from  crude  petroleum. 
The  figures  for  1913  must  be  concealed,  but  in  1914  four  refineries  produced 
41,553  short  tons  valued  at  $340,862.  This  was  marketed  entirely  for  road 
oil  and  for  flux. 


CLAY-WORKING  INDUSTRIES 
Clay 

The  clay-mining  industry  in  Illinois  made  considerable  progress  in 
1913,  but  declined  somewhat  in  1914.  In  both  years  Illinois  ranked  fourth 
in  quantity  and  fifth  in  value  of  clay  mined. 

Fire  clay  is  by  far  the  most  important  clay  mined,  and  Table  17  shows 
that  a  steady  progress  is  being  made  in  its  output.     The  figures  for  both 


MINERAL  RESOURCES  IN   1913  AND   1914 


37 


Table  17.— Production  in  short  tons  and  value  of  clay  mined  and  marketed  in  Illinois, 

1910-1914 


Fire  clay- 

Other  clays                                  Total 

Year 

Quantity 

Value 

Quantity            Value            Quantity 

Value 

1910     

1911  ._.______ 

82,878 

71,479 

92,963 

106,216 

125,071 

$111,078 

91,623 

110,204 

125,477 

138,876 

105,925 

111,357 

83,595 

88,721 

36,013 

$78,818 
92,203 
82,459 
78,560 
29,478 

188,803 
182,836 
176,558 
194,937 
161,084 

$190,896 
183,826 

1912     

1913            _-_     --     .. 

192,663 

204,037 

1914    

168,354 

1913  and  1914  give  Illinois  fifth  rank  in  total  quantity  and  value  of  this  prod- 
uct, the  preceding  states  having  been  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  Ohio,  and 
Missouri.     The  average  price  for  fire  clay  in  Illinois  in  1913  was  $1.18;  in 

1914  it  was  $1.11.  La  Salle  County,  where  the  clay  below  coal  No.  2  has 
been  found  to  be  very  refractory,  led  in  the  production  of  fire  clay,  with 
about  40  per  cent  of  the  total.  Other  counties  reporting  this  kind  of  clay 
were  McDonough,  Scott,  Union,  Green,  Grundy,  and  Livingston. 

Stoneware  clay,  brick  clay,  and  other  kinds  were  mined  in  Brown. 
Calhoun,  Fulton,  and  Ogle  counties. 

Clay  Products 

In  total  value  of  clay  products  Illinois  ranked  fourth  in  1913  and  1914, 
as  it  has  for  a  great  many  years,  the  preceding  positions  having  been  held 
by  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  and  New  Jersey.  The  1913  value  of  production 
showed  a  slight  decline,  and  in  1914  the  decrease  was  12.35  per  cent 
(Table  18). 

Every  variety  of  clay  products  except  china  was  manufactured  in  Illi- 
nois. In  1913  this  State  ranked  first  in  quantity  and  value  of  common  brick; 
second  in  value  of  architectural  terra  cotta  and  in  the  value  of  vitrified 
paving  brick ;  third  in  quantity  of  vitrified  paving  brick  and  in  value  of  enam- 
eled brick;  fourth  in  value  of  draintile ;  fifth  in  value  of  sewerpipe  and  fire- 
proofing  ;  sixth  in  quantity  of  front  brick  and  fire  brick ;  and  seventh  in 
value  of  front  brick  and  fire  brick. 

For  1914  in  the  value  and  quantity  of  common  brick  and  in  the  value 
of  architectural  terra  cotta,  this  State  ranked  first,  although  the  number  of 
common  brick  was  the  lowest  since  1901  ;  in  the  value  and  quantity  of  vitri- 
fied paving  brick,  second ;  in  the  value  of  front  brick,  and  in  the  value  of 
draintile,  fourth ;  and  in  the  value  of  sewer  pipe  and  fireproofing,  fifth. 

Of  the  102  counties  in  Illinois,  80  reported  a  production  of  clay  prod- 
ucts. The  Cook  County  value  of  output  was  approximately  30  per  cent  of 
the  total  State  value,  this  being  the  largest  brick-making  county  in  the 
country.     Almost  one-third  of  the  total  State  value  was  in  common  brick,  of 


38 


BIENNIAL   REPORT    FOR   1913   AND   1914 


Table   18.— Clay  products  of  Illinois,  1910-1914 


Product 


Brick: 

Common — 

Quantity    

Value    

Average   per   M 

Vitrified — 

Quantity     

Value    

Average  per   M 

Front — 

Quantity    

Value    

Average   per    M 

Fancy     or     ornamental value__ 

Enameled do 

Fire     do 

Stove    lining do 

Draintile     do 

Sewer    pipe do 

Architectural     terra     cotta do 

Fireproofing     do 

Tile,   not   drain do 

Pottery: 

Red     earthenware do 

Stoneware  and  yellow  and  Rock- 
ingham   ware value 

White  ware,  including  C.  C.  ware 
white  granite,  semi-porcelain 
ware,  and  semi-vitreous  porce- 
lain   ware,    value 

Sanitary    ware    value__ 

Porcelain  electrical  supplies,  val- 
ue     

Miscellaneous    value- _ 


Total    value    

Number   of   active   firms  reporting. 
Rank   of   State.-. 


1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1,196,526,000 

1,074,486,000 

■  1,210,499,000 

1,155,480,000 

941,343,000 

$6,896,836 

$6,126,911 

$6,437,331 

$6,445,821 

$4,898,698 

$5.76 

$5.70 

$5.32 

$5.58 

$5.20 

115,903,000 

124,623,000 

136,708,000 

133,938,00(1 

157,176,000 

$1,415,355 

$1,627,683 

$1,839,721 

$1,883,199 

$2,086,344 

$12.21 

$13.06 

$13.46 

$14.06 

$13.27 

22,138,000 

19,786,000 

21,894,000 

29,566,000 

46,995,000 

$274,699 

$240,135 

$268,433 

$363,010 

$506,984 

$12.41 

$12.14 

$12.26 

$12.28 

$10.79 

$10,875 

$10,281 

$8,785 

$2,295 

(a) 

$368,730 
$1,613,698 

$286,039 


$1,372,049 

$319,619 
$1,189,910 

$351,324 

$274,106 

(a) 

$1,225,190 

$1,041,927 

$538,633 

$507,694 

$500,844 

$787,896 

$743,986 

$1,680,438 

$1,879,275 

$2,485,012 

$1,908,399 

$1 ,652,945 

$552,905 

$552,994 

$507,222 

$592,337 

$567,266 

(«) 

(.a) 

(a) 

$82,168 

Ui) 

$25,658 

$41,875 

$35,827 

$46,175 

$37,452 

$708,958 

$832,813 

$675,244 

$624,194 

$483,407 

(a) 
(a) 

(a) 

(a) 
(a) 

(«) 

(a) 

(o) 

$1,089,376 


$855,262 


$943,042 


$15,176,161       $14,333,011       $15,210,990       $15,195,874 

346  :  330  301  281 

4  4  4  4 


$1,025,838 


$13,318,953 
263 

4 


"Included   in   "Miscellaneous. 


which  Cook  County  manufactured  approximately  two-thirds.  Architec- 
tural terra  cotta  ranked  second  in  value  in  1913  and  third  in  1914  and  was 
mostly  from  Cook  County.  Third  in  importance  in  1913  and  second  in 
1914  was  vitrified  paving  brick  most  of  which  was  from  Knox  and  Living- 
ston counties.  Table  19  gives  by  counties  the  production  of  the  common 
brick  and  draintile  for  Illinois  in  1913  and  1914. 

In  manufacture  of  pottery  Illinois  held  seventh  place  in  1913  and  1914. 
Stoneware  was  the  pottery  product  of  greatest  value,  constituting  about  60 
per  cent  of  the  total.  It  was  made  in  Brown,  Green,  La  Salle,  McDonough, 
Tazewell,  and  Warren  counties.  In  1913  sales  were  reported  by  23  opera- 
tors; in  1914  by  22. 


MINERAL  RESOURCES  IN   1913  AND   1914 


39 


Table  19. — Production  and  value  of  brick  and  draintile  in  Illinois,  by  counties, 

1913  and  1914 


1913 

1914 

County 

Common  brick 

Draintile 
Value 

Common  brick 

Draintile 

Thousands 

Value 

Thousands         Value 

Value 

Adams    

Bureau     

Christian     

Clark   

Cook    

Edgar    

Edwards    

Fulton    

Gallatin    

Grundy  

Hancock    

Henry     

Iroquois     

Kane     

Kankakee    

La  Salle     

Livingston    

Logan     

McDonough     _. 

McLean     

Macon    

Madison     

Marion     

Montgomery     _. 

Menard    

Morgan    

Peoria    

Rock    Island    _- 

St.    Clair   

Saline    

Sangamon     

Tazewell     

Vermilion   

White     

Will     

Other    counties1 

Total     


5,399 

4,484 

1,965 

510 

117,682 

3,713 

7,292 

521 

<«) 

1,259 

995 

234 

2,225 

84,717 
2,516 

15,094 
1,026 
2,375 
5,079 
2,850 

15,918 
585 
4,162 
3,021 
1,763 
4,192 
4,950 

38,173 
4,300 
7,421 

20,100 

(a) 

971 
1,200 

788,788 

1,155,480 


$39,575 

27,001 

12,135 

3,300 

3,675,534 

23,705 

44,512 

3,700 

(a) 

9,125 

7,013 

1,638 

13,905 

398,307 

16,178 

107,284 

6,090 

16,950 

30,480 

20,725 

92,592 

3,705 

29,014 

18,103 

12,650 

26,552 

34,650 

264,750 

28,900 

45,507 

101,934 

6,553 

6,800 

1,316,954 

$6,445,821 


$59,961 
16,459 
(o) 

(a) 

28,000 
7,794 

4,900 
57,972 
13,179 

6,184 
61,038 

(a) 

105,174 

226,378 

43,494 

(a) 

20,991 
8,285 

(a) 
(«) 
(a) 

17,327 
(a) 
<«> 
(a) 
(a) 


47,873 

22,000 

(a) 

13,110 

(n) 

465,071 
$1,225,190 


4,553 

2,677 
993 

(a) 

597,694 

2,254 

8,420 

461 

(a) 

1,466 
720 

284 

(a) 

45,487 
2,061 

12,377 

858 

2,450 

(a) 

6,100 

10,416 

485 

2,552 

(«) 

1,469 
(«) 

4,330 

28,064 

(a) 

9,014 
17,607 


177,371 


941,343 


$32,211 

15,863 

7,418 

(a) 

2,661,476 

14,403 
45,690 
3,310 

(a) 

10,605 
5,700 
1,542 

(a) 

152,281 
12,555 
86,569 
5,703 
18,000 

(a) 

38,700 

65,637 

2,813 

16,243 

<a> 

10,807 

(a) 

35.608 
180,070 
(«) 

80,124 
88,089 

(a) 

7,995 

(o) 

1,299,286 

$4,898,698 


$51,314 
5.791 


12,700 
3,322 

(a) 

3,450 
63,964 
1,444 
3,176 
5,403 


185,758 
36,677 

(a) 

27,486 

(a) 
(a) 
<n) 
(a) 
2,666 

(a) 

(a) 
(a) 
(a) 

36,603 

(a) 

5,250 
18,791 

(a) 

568,132 
$1,041,927 


"Concealed  in   "Total." 

bIn  1913,  including:  Boone,  Cass,  Champaign,  Clark,  Clinton,  Coles,  Cook,  Crawford,  Dekalb, 
Dewitt,  Douglas,  Dupage,  Effingham,  Fayette,  Ford,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Greene,  Grundy,  Hamilton, 
Jackson,  Jefferson,  Jersey,  Kane,  Kendall,  Knox,  Lake,  Lawrence,  Lee,  Logan,  McHenry,  Macon, 
"Macoupin,  Madison,  Mason,  Massac,  Menard,  Mercer,  Monroe,  Moultrie,  Ogle,  Peoria,  Pike,  Ran- 
dolph, Rock  Island,  St.  Clair,  Richland,  Saline,  Schuyler,  Scott,  Shelby,  Stark,  Stephenson,  Vermilion, 
Warren,    Washington,    Wayne,    Williamson,    and    Woodford    counties. 

In  1914,  including:  Boone,  Cass,  Champaign,  Clark,  Clinton,  Coles,  Dekalb,  Dewitt,  Douglas, 
Dupage,  Effingham,  Fayette,  Ford,  Fulton,  Greene,  Grundy,  Hamilton,  Hancock,  Jackson,  Jeffer- 
son, Jersey,  Kane,  Kankakee,  Knox,  Lake,  Lawrence,  Lee,  Logan,  McLean,  Macon,  Macoupin, 
Madison,  Marion,  Mason,  Massac,  Menard,  Mercer,  Monroe,  Morgan,  Moultrie,  Ogle,  Peoria,  Pike, 
Randolph,  Richland,  Rock  Island,  St.  Clair,  Saline,  Schuyler,  Shelby,  Stark,  Stephenson,  Tazewell, 
Vermilion,    Warren,   Washington,    Wayne,   Will,    Williamson,    Winnebago,    and    Woodford   counties. 


40  BIENNIAL  REPORT   FOR   1913  AND   1914 

STONE 
Sandstone 
The  total  value  of  the  material  reported  as  sandstone  in  1914  in  Illinois 
was  §72,738,  a  figure  that  shows  an  increase  of  252.7  per  cent  as  compared 
with  1913  and  which  far  exceeds  any  previous  output.  Practically  all  the 
production  was  from  Alexander  County,  but  Henry,  Lee,  Randolph,  and 
Union  counties  have  quarried  small  amounts  in  both  1913  and  1914.  This 
classification  as  sandstone  of  the  productions  of  these  companies  is  very 
misleading;  the  output  from  Alexander  and  Union  counties  is  really  a  flint 
or  chert  from  a  115-foot  bed  of  Devonian  age.  In  Lee  County  the  quarry 
is  operating  in  a  portion  of  the  Galena-Trenton  which  is  soft  and  granular 
and  might  easily  be  taken  for  sandstone.  In  Randolph  County  the  output 
may  be  from  a  sandstone  in  the  Mississippian  series ;  no  definite  data  could 
be  found  regarding  this  location.  At  Chester  the  Palestine  sandstone  of  the 
Chester  series  has  been  used  for  building  purposes,  but  no  report  of  pro- 
duction was  made  in  1914. 

Limestone 

The  limestone  production  in  1913  was  high,  but  a  sharp  decline  of  31 
per  cent  in  1914  caused  a  drop  from  fourth  to  fifth  rank  among  the  lime- 
stone-producing states,  the  order  of  the  first  four  having  been  Pennsylvania, 
Ohio,  Indiana,  and  New  York.  Not  since  1904  has  the  output  been  so  low. 
Cook  County  has  always  been  the  leading  limestone-producing  county,  and 
in  1914  its  production  was  valued  at  $1,319,415,  or  46  per  cent  of  the  State 
total  value.  The  four  counties  of  following  ranks  were  Will,  value  8316,609  ; 
St.  Clair,  value  $223,679;  Vermilion ;  and  Kankakee,  the  values  for  the  last 
two  counties  having  been  concealed  because  each  had  fewer  than  three 
producers. 

Central  Illinois  is  so  heavily  drift  covered  that  at  only  a  very  few  loca- 
tions in  this  portion  of  the  State  have  quarries  been  opened.  The  outcrops 
are  confined  almost  entirely  to  the  river  courses  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
State  and  along  the  Mississippi.  Over  60  per  cent  of  the  limestone  quarried 
in  Illinois  was  Niagaran  mostly  from  Cook,  Will,  Dupage,  and  Kane  coun- 
ties ;  a  little  came  from  Savanna  and  Port  Byron  on  Mississippi  River.  In 
the  central-northern  counties  the  Galena-Trenton  was  worked  at  Belvidere, 
Rockford,  Dixon,  Oregon,  and  Freeport.  At  Moline  the  Hamilton  lime- 
stone of  Devonian  age  supplied  a  small  amount,  the  only  place  in  the  State 
where  the  Devonian  was  quarried  for  limestone.  Along  the  Mississippi 
from  Henderson  County  to  Randolph  County  and  along  the  Ohio  in  Pope 
and  Hardin  counties  outcrops  along  the  bluffs  afford  economical  sites  for 
many  quarries.  Several  limestones  of  Mississippian  age  were  worked  for 
stone  in  the  western  and  southern  parts  of   Illinois.     The  Burlington  and 


MINERAL  RESOURCES  IN   1913  AND   1914 


41 


Keokuk  limestones  were  quarried  in  Henderson  County  and  at  Quincy  and 
Marblehead  in  Adams  County ;  the  Keokuk  limestone  at  Hamilton  and  War- 
saw in  Hancock  County;  the  Salem  limestone  near  Jonesboro  in  Union 
County ;  the  St.  Louis  limestone  at  Niota  in  Hancock  County,  at  Alton  in 
Madison  County,  south  of  East  St.  Louis  in  St.  Clair  County,  at  Columbia  in 
Monroe  County,  at  Prairie  du  Rocher  in  Randolph  County,  and  at  Elizabeth- 
town  in  Hardin  County ;  the  Ste.  Genevieve  limestone  at  Alton  in  Madison 
County,  south  of  East  St.  Louis  in  St.  Clair  County,  and  in  the  southwest 
corner  of  Johnson  County ;  the  Yankeetown  chert  at  Millstadt ;  and  a  lime- 
stone ledge  in  the  Okaw  formation  at  Menard.  Definite  geologic  data  at 
several  other  quarry  locations  are  unavailable.  The  limestone  above  coal  No. 
6  at  Belleville  was  used  commercially.  In  Vermilion  County,  at  Fairmount, 
is  a  lens  of  limestone  in  the  McLeansboro  above  coal  No.  7  from  which 
large  amounts  were  taken  to  the  Chicago  steel  mills  for  blast  furnace  flux ; 
this  quarry  also  supplies  considerable  for  Portland  cement.  The  Quarry 
Creek  limestone  near  Casey  and  Marshall  in  Clark  County  was  of  economic 
importance  in  1914. 

Most  of  the  limestone  quarried  in  Illinois  is  high  in  magnesium.  The 
Ordovician  beds  are  mainly  magnesian,  although  a  little  high  calcium  lime- 
stone of  this  age  is  found.  The  Silurian  (Niagaran)  limestones  are  also 
magnesian,  but  the  Devonian  limestones  are  very  high  in  percentage  of  cal- 
cium carbonate.  Most  of  the  Carboniferous  limestones  are  high  in  calcium 
and  low  in  magnesium,  but  the  Mississippian  limestones  are  likely  to  contain 
a  considerable  amount  of  silica  in  the  form  of  chert. 

About  one-third  of  the  limestone  produced  in  Illinois  in  1914  was  used 
for  concrete,  and  slightly  less  than  one-third  for  road  making.  Railroad  bal- 
last and  flux  demanded  large  fractions  of  the  total,  and  other  uses  are  build- 
ing, paving,  curbing,  rubble,  riprap,  glass  manufacture,  fertilizer,  and  lime. 

Table  20. — Values  of  production  of  sandstone  and  limestone  in  Illinois,  1910-1914 


Year 

Sandstone 

Limestone 

1910     

$  5,710 
30,953 
32,720 
28,781 
72,738 

$3,847,715 

1911     

3,436,977 

1912     

3,808,784 

1913     

4,112,172 

1914     

2,861,340 

LIME 

In  1913  and  1914  lime  was  burned  at  16  plants  located  in  the  following 
counties  named  in  order  of  rank:  Cook,  Adams,  Madison,  Winnebago, 
Whiteside,  Will,  Rock  Island,  and  Kankakee.  The  production  of  Cook 
County  was  approximately  50  per  cent  of  the  State  total,  and  Adams  County 


42 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Si 


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4,801,626 
3,774,048 
3,481,638 
4,457,264 
4,955,219 

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130,756 
L64,292 
75,391 
77,252 
20,635 

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MINERAL   RESOURCES  IN   1913  AND   1914 


43 


about  30  per  cent.     Illinois  ranked  twelfth  among  the  lime-producing  states. 
For  several  years  the  lime  industry  here  has  changed  very  little. 

Both  high-calcium  and  high-magnesium  lime  were  manufactured  in 
Illinois,  as  both  kinds  of  limestone  were  quarried.  Adams,  Carroll,  Madison, 
and  Will  counties  reported  high-calcium,  and  Cook,  Kankakee,  Rock  Island, 
Whiteside,  and  Winnebago  counties  high-magnesium  lime. 


CEMENT 

In  1913  and  1914  the  five  companies  operating  Portland  cement  plants 
in  Illinois  were  located  at  South  Chicago,  La  Salle  (2),  Oglesby,  and  Dixon. 
Because  of  a  decline  of  nearly  18  per  cent  in  the  production  of  California 
in  1914,  New  York  and  Illinois  each  advanced  in  ranks  to  third  and  fourth 
places  respectively,  Pennsylvania  and  Indiana  having  held  first  and  second 
ranks.  Table  21  shows  the  figures  for  the  production  of  Portland  cement  in 
Illinois  from  1910  to  1914. 

The  Utica  Cement  Company  is  producing  natural  cement  from  the 
Lower  Magnesian  limestone  and  operates  one  of  the  12  natural  cement 
plants  of  the  country. 

Table  21. — Portland  cement  industry  in  Illinois,  1910-1914 
(Figures  opposite  P  relate  to  production;  those  opposite  S  to  shipments) 


Year 


Number  of 
plants 


Quantity 


Value 


Average  price 
per  barrel 


1910    P 

1911    P 

1912    /         g 

1913    {        P 

1914    f         P 

I       s 


Barrels 
4,459,450 
4,582,341 
4,299,357 
4,602,617 
5,083,799 
4,734,540 
5,401,605 
5,284,022 


$4,119,012 
3,583,301 
3,212,819 
3,444,085 
5,109,218 
4,784,696 
5,007,288 
4,848,522 


$0.80 
.79 

.75 

1.01 

.92 


SAND  AND  GRAVEL 

In  1914  the  quantity  of  production  of  sand  and  gravel  in  Illinois  rele- 
gated New  York  to  second  rank  and  gave  this  State  first  place,  although  the 
difference  was  small.  In  value  of  output  Illinois  held  fourth  place  in  both 
1913  and  1914,  having  been  preceded  by  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  and  Ohio. 
In  1913  the  total  value  of  output  was  the  highest  ever  reached,  but  1914 
showed  a  drop  of  3.6  per  cent  in  quantity  and  10.2  per  cent  in  value  (Table 
22).  The  St.  Peter  sandstone  which  is  very  pure  and  friable  is  being  worked 
at  the  outcrops  at  Utica,  Ottawa,  Wedron,  Millington,  and  Oregon,  and 
makes  excellent  glass  sand.  All  the  rest  of  the  production  in  Illinois  is  from 
alluvial  deposits  and  pockets  in  the  drift. 

Of  the  35  counties  reporting  a  production  of  this  material,  La  Salle  led 
with  over  25  per  cent  of  the  State  total.    Other  counties  of  prominence  were 


44 

BIENNIAL 

REPORT 

FOR   1913   AND   1914 

Table  23. — Production  in  s 

hort  tons  and  value  o 
1913 

County 

<u 
o 

3 

O 
u 

Glass  sand 

Molding  sand 

Buildir 

g  sand 

Grinding  and   pol- 
ishing sand 

Fire  c 

furnac 

sand 

Quan. 

Value 

Quantity  I    Value 

Quantity 

!    Value 

Quan. 

Value 

Quantit 

Bond    

3 

6 

5 

13 

17 

7 

6 

3 

4 

10 

5 

5 

3 

5 

4 

5 

.  24 

125 

303,356 



32,873 

438 
14,000 

$208,317 

19,710 





11,200 

15,953 
4,840 

33,413 
307,949 

11,800 
10,051 

81 
4,384 

2,226 

12,270 
1,750 

$1,367 
1,710 

10,129 
134,805 

7,370 
10,673 

57 
2,837 

1,793 

9,203 

1,850 

2,025 

10,024 

1,342 

563,633 

1,750 

1,368 

407,046 

82,604 

41,495 

58,050 

16,936 

61 

48,676 

88,134 

292,377 

684,313 

$683 

3,244 

968 

108,456 

919 

306 

103,049 

23,317 

15,808 

11,400 

5,094 

15 

17,061 

31,373 

90,658 

179,336 

42,198 









$23,138 

1 

Carroll    

1 

S2.3( 

2,50 

84,80 

Ogle    

Rock    Island    

Tazewell     

Wabash 

Will    

Other    counties"    

State    total    

350,229 

$239,227 

404,417 

$181,794 

2,299,834 

$594,687 

42,198 

$23,138 

"Including:     Alexander,    Boone,    Clinton,    Cook,    DeKalb.  DuPage,  Fulton,  Henderson,  Kendall,  Lake,  Logan,  Macoi 


1914 


County 


en 

Glass 

sand 

Molding  sand 

Building  sand 

Grinding 

and  pol- 

P 

ishing  sand 

1 

o 

Ih 

Quan. 

Value 

Quantity 

Value 

Quantity 

Value 

Quantity      Value 

5 

13,510 

$13,018 

135 

$65 

8 

3,100 

2,015 

13,649 

3,496 

3 

320 

250 

2,520 

1,500 

1 





130,775 

52,070 

12 

120,293 

24,605 

148,483 

39,064 

IS 

273,334 

$207,195 

168,978 

129,764 

150 

75 

58,351 

$38,7S 

6 





3,300 

1,500 

6 

936 

515 

6,000 

4,200 

198,240 

61,124 

3 

1,972 

2,315 

88,190 

22,280 

4 

62,281 

36,543 

12 

658 

360 

38,892 

16,519 

7 

5,246 

5,201 

50,595 

11,343 

4 







18,310 

10,117 

5 

1,228 

9S6 

2,392 

1,156 

7 

8,000 

4,000 

8,404 

3,367 

7 

12,739 

8,010 

241,970 

86,413 

21 

3,000 

2,550 

5,499 

5,287 

331,328 

87,400 

133 

339,551 

$246,803 

347,543 

$200,011 

1,277,333 

$401,089 

58,351 

$38,780 

Bond    

Bureau    

Carroll    

Cook     

Kane    

La  Salic    

Lee     

McHenry     

Madison     

Ogle     

Peoria    

Rock  Island  

Tazewell    

Whiteside    

Will    

Winnebago     

Other  counties" 

State  total  _. 


'Including:     Alexander,    Boone,    Cass,    Clinton,     DeKalb,     DuPage,     Henderson,     Kendall,     Lake,     Logan,     Menard 


MINERAL  RESOURCES  IN   1913  AND   1914 


d  and  gravel  in  Illinois,  by  counties,  1913  and  1914 


or 
lace          Engine  sand 
id 

1     '                             1 
Paving  sand       '  Railroad  ballast        Other  sands 

Gravel 

Total 

ue          Quan.      Value 

Quan.      Value       Quan.      Value       Quan. 

Value 

Quantity 

Value 

Quantity 

Value 

;       1,350 

97             $58        

281 

.644       11.000          6,600        

3,000 

506 

1,729 

2.200             616        31,061 
4,200 

150 

!     32,448 

____       39,489          1,362        

,625       26,002          2,180        26,906 

$700 
260 

1,000 

75 
1,297 

11,006 

2,700 

50 

7,571 

6,314 



18,397 

1,444 
20,000 

39,841 

$9,199 

50 
1,600 

$10,849 

135 

270 
71,000 
52,395 

7,160 

542 
555 

$65              2,100 

71,130 

250              1,960 

563,572 

60,750           12,267 

8,063 

3,022          526,170 

323,695 

78,949 

123,458 

2,148       1,228,701 

31,500 

77,250 

596,541 

19          134,480 
149          677,428 

$560 
26,226 

2,000 
116,016 

4,175 

1,262 
134,890 

22,743 
49,157 
51,700 

105,676 

7,650 

32,250 

121,976 
29,429 

162,273 

21,563 

86,091 

3,853 

1,160,618 

831,821 

12,431 
997,411 

93,355 

357,074 

140,651 

185,892 

1,286,058 

35,761 
128,302 
717,123 
480,602 

$3,375 

31,238 

3,478 

234,601 

480,348 

2,568 

251,331 

34,340 

42,528 

75,518 

65,937 

124,540 

10,365 

51,154 

161,920 

130,721 

,269      79,568       $11,166       101,631 

$30,973 

132,057 

$66,403       4,457,264 

$868,985 

7,992,140 

$2,070,491 

;er,   Piatt,  Pike,   St.   Clair,   Stephenson,  Vermilion,  and  White  counties. 


e  or  furnace 
sand 

1 

Engine  sand 

Paving  sand 

Other 

sands 

Gra\ 

el 

Total 

itity      Value 

i     Quan. 

Value 

Quantity 

Value 

Quantity 

Value 

Quantity 

Value 

Quantity 

Value 



700 

$200 

700 

$100 

2,400 

$840 

17,445 

$14,223 



92 

$55 

675 

250 

49,272 

18,536 

66,788 

24,352 



----- 





3,800 

1,125 

6,640 

2,875 





27,000 

10,000 

156,638 

26,106 

227,445 

32,201 

541,858 

121,377 



48,807 

16,270 

294,986 

69,696 

621,569 

139,635 

,674       $24,569 

10,100 

6,025 

17,374 

11,743 

705,860 

80,877 

1,294,821 

499,028 



5,850 

1,200 

13,040 

2,140 

22,190 

4,840 



109,897 

9,825 

118,897 

32,289 

433,970 

107,953 

' 

965 

750 

91,127 

25,345 











190,000 

21,165 

252,281 

57,708 





4,415 

1,657 

16,290 

5,702 

144,444 

54,341 

204,699 

78,579 



— 

37,800 

14,000 

80,983 

24,475 

174,624 

55,019 



255 

71 

29,964 

10,761 



582,237 

74,983 

630,766 

95,932 



41,559 

1,433 

476 

129 

1,804 

810 

17,175 

12,025 

64,634 

16,539 



65,810 

19,669 

807,364 

195,386 

889,578 

222,422 



1,426 

32 

887 

20 

791,049 

32,089 

1,048,071 

126,564 

—  -        

41,293 
93,299 

4,655 

51,306 

15,622 

65,836 

15,640 

938,497 

343,271 

1,436,759 

474,425 

,674      $24,569 

$12,239 

121,812 

$39,851 

522,808 

$120,635 

4,967,449 

$795,867 

7,788,820 

$1,879,844 

Monroe,   Piatt,   Pike,   St.   Clair,   Sangamon,  Wabash,  and   White  counties. 


46 


BIKNNIAL   REPORT    R)K   1913  AND   1914 


Cook,  Kane,  McHenry,  Will,  and  Winnebago.     Table  23  presents  the  de- 
tailed statistics  for  the  sand  and  gravel  industry  by  counties. 

FLUORSPAR 

The  total  output  of  fluorspar  in  1913  and  1914  was  from  three  producers 
in  Hardin  County  and  included  gravel,  lump,  and  ground  grades.  Since 
1905  Illinois  has  led  in  the  production  of  fluorspar,  and  Kentucky  now 
stands  second.  Table  24  shows  the  marketed  production  and  value  of  fluor- 
spar in  Illinois  from  1902  to  1914.  This  Kentucky-Illinois  district  is  prac- 
tically the  only  American  source  of  spar  for  the  general  market.  It  is  used 
mainly  in  steel  making  and  foundry  work ;  but  a  small  amount  of  the  output 
running  less  than  one  per  cent  silicia  is  used  in  the  enameling,  chemical,  and 
glass  trades. 

Table  24. — Production  in  short  tons  and  value  of  fluorspar  in  Illinois,  1902-1914 


Year                             Quantity         Value 

Year                              Quantity 

Value 

1902     

18,360 
11,413 
17,205 
33,275 

28,268 
25,128 
31,727 

$121,532 
57,620 
122,172 
220,206 
160,623 
141,971 
172,838 

1909     

41,852 
47,302 

68,817 
114,410 
85,854 
73,811 

$232,251 

1903     -.    .-    

1910     .-     -.      _     . 

277,764 

1904       

1911       

481,635 

1905                 ------- 

1912     -.        -.            --     -. 

756,653 
550,815 

1906     _ 

1913       

1907        _-    

1914       __.     -.     _-     -.      

426,063 

1908      _-    

MINERAL  WATER 

The  production  of  mineral  water  in  Illinois  for  1913  and  1914  was  from 
21  springs,  Gravel  Spring  near  Jacksonville,  Morgan  County,  having  been 
the  most  valuable.  The  record  of  the  State  in  quantity  and  value  of  this 
product  for  the  past  5  years  is  shown  in  Table  25.  Although  the  production 
for  1914  far  exceeded  that  of  any  preceding  year  the  value  was  only  a  little 
above  the  average  for  the  past  10  years.  The  price  per  gallon  has  declined 
notably  since  1907,  due  probably  to  the  improvement  of  municipal  supplies. 

Table  25. — Production  in  gallons  and  value  of  mineral  waters  in  Illinois,  1910-1914 


Year 

Number 
of  springs 

Quantity 

Value 

Average  price 
per  gallon 

1910    

1911  — 

16 

14 
17 
21 
21 

1,117,620 
1,304,950 
1,143,625 
1,216,442 
1,760,030 

$83,148 
82,330 
74,445 
68,549 
81,307 

$0.07 
.06 

1912    

.07 

1913    _ — 

.06 

1914    

.05 

MINERAL  RESOURCES  IN   1913  AND   1914 


47 


TRIPOLI  OR  SILICA 

Tripoli  is  the  only  form  of  silica  mined  commercially  in  Illinois.  All 
the  production  in  1913  and  1914  was  from  8  producers  in  Alexander  and 
Union  counties,  where  heavy  beds  of  disintegrated,  pure  Devonian  chert 
outcrop.  This  fine,  white  siliceous  powder  is  used  as  paint,  wood  filler,  metal 
polish,  in  soaps,  cleansers,  glass  manufacture,  and  for  facing  foundry  molds. 
Table  26  shows  the  quantity  and  value  of  tripoli  in  Illinois  from  1909  to  1914. 

Table  26. — Production  in  short  tons  and  value  of  tripoli  mined  in  Illinois,  1909-1914 


Year 


Quantity- 


Value 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 


12,994 
10,387 


$  38,262 
33,390 
45,910 
27,339 
128,892 
59,394 


PYRITE  AND  SULPHURIC  ACID 

The  output  of  pyrite  in  1913  fell  off  so  markedly  (Table  27)  that  Illi- 
nois was  relegated  from  fourth  to  seventh  rank  in  this  industry.  The  in- 
crease of  over  100  per  cent  in  the  production  of  pyrite  in  1914  restored 
Illinois  to  fourth  rank,  Virginia,  California,  and  Ohio  having  held  the  pre- 
ceding positions. 

The  industry  of  pyrite  mining  in  Illinois  is  only  incidental,  being  asso- 
ciated with  coal  mining.  Especially  in  Vermilion  County,  the  value  of  whose 
production  was  96  per  cent  of  the  State  total,  is  the  industry  developed,  since 
the  pyrite  (or  marcasite  in  reality)  occurs  in  the  coal  of  this  district  in  dis- 
tinct lenses  and  bands  instead  of  being  finely  disseminated  throughout  the 
coal  as  in  most  parts  of  the  State.  Madison  and  Knox  counties  also  pro- 
duced a  little  pyrite.  Miners  are  paid  by  the  ton  for  the  pyrite  thrown  out 
of  the  coal,  an  inducement  to  load  as  clean  and  marketable  coal  as  possible. 

Table  27. — Production  in  long  tons  and  value  of  pyrite  mined  in  Illinois,  1909-1914 


Year 

Quantity 

Value 

Average  price 
per  ton 

1909    

5,600 

$17,551 

$2.60 

1910    

8,541 

28,159 

3.30 

1911    

17,441 

47,020 

2.70 

1912    

1               27,008 

62,980 

2.33 

1913    

11,246 

31,966 

2.84 

1914    

;              22,538 

59,079 

2.62 

The  sulphuric  acid  produced  in  Illinois  is  a  by-product  in  the  smelting 
of  zinc  in  which  process  the  waste  gases,  sulphur  dioxide  and  sulphur  tri- 
oxide,  are  converted  into  acid.    The  grade,  60°  Beaume,  given  in  Table  3  is 


48  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 

78.04  per  cent  sulphuric  acid,  and  the  amount  produced  in  the  Illinois  smelt- 
ers in  1914  was  equivalent  to  about  111,000  long  tons  of  pyrite  associated 
with  the  ore. 

LEAD,  ZINC,  AND  SILVER 

The  lead  and  zinc  deposits  of  Illinois  fall  in  two  areas  of  very  different 
geologic  character.  In  Jo  Daviess  County  the  ores  occur  in  gently  folded 
sedimentary  rocks ;  whereas  in  Hardin  and  Pope  counties  they  are  associated 
with  fluorspar  in  fissure  veins,  which  are  controlled  by  jointing  and  faulting. 

The  market  falling  off  in  the  output  of  lead  and  zinc  for  1913  was  due 
largely  to  the  low  price  of  ore.  In  1914  when  prices  were  slightly  higher, 
lead  continued  to  decline,  but  the  zinc  production  about  doubled  (Table  29). 
In  northern  Illinois  lead  has  been  becoming  less  and  less  important,  and  zinc 
has  been  advancing.  All  activity  in  this  area  was  in  the  Galena  district.  In 
southern  Illinois  the  production  of  lead  is  only  an  incidental  industry  in  con- 
nection with  the  mining  of  fluorspar,  yet  a  notable  percentage  of  the  State 
total  comes  from  this  location.  In  1913  and  1914  the  poor  demand  for  fluor- 
spar checked  mining  operations  to  some  extent  and  caused  the  decline  of 
lead  output. 

The  galena  of  southern  Illinois  (Table  29)  is  notably  argentiferous, 
the  silver  content  ranging  up  to  12  and  14  fine  ounces  per  ton  of  lead  con- 
centrates, but  averaging  4  to  7  fine  ounces  per  ton  for  the  past  five  years. 
An  increasing  recovery  of  silver  per  ton  of  lead  concentrates  indicates  that 
the  galena  at  lower  levels  contains  the  greater  silver  content. 

MINERAL  PAINTS 

The  only  mineral  paints  made  in  Illinois  are  sublimed  white  lead  or 
"basic  lead  sulphate"  and  sublimed  blue  lead  or  "blue  fume",  both  manu- 
factured at  Collinsville,  Madison  County. 


MINERAL  RESOURCES  IN   1913  AND   1914 


A'J 


Table  28. — Tenor  of  lead  and  zinc  ore  and  concentrates  in  Illinois,  1913-1914 


1913 


1914 


NORTHERN    ILLINOIS 

Total  crude  ore short  tons 

Total  concentrates  in  crude  ore: 

Lead    per  cent 

Zinc    per  cent 

Metallic  content   of  crude   ore: 

Lead    per  cent 

Zinc    per  cent 

Average  lead  content  of  galena  concentrates per  cent 

Average   zinc  content  of  sphalerite   concentrates__per  cent 

Average  value  per  ton: 

Galena    concentrates    

Sphalerite    concentrates    

SOUTHERN    ILLINOIS 

Average   lead   content   of  galena   concentrates per  cent 

Average  value  per  ton  of  galena  concentrates 


261,300 

0.25 
6.4 

.19 

2.3 

76.2 

36.5 

$44.70 
$19.13 

73.5 
$39.99 


Table  29. — Production  and  value  of  lead,  zinc,  and  silver  in  Illinois,  1910-1914 


Year 


Lead 


Zinc 


Silver 


District 


Quantity        Value         Quantity        Value        Quantity        Value 


Northern 
Southern 

Total 

Northern 
Southern 

Total 

Northern 
Southern 

Total 

Northern 
Southern 

Total 

Northern 
Southern 

Total 

Short 

tons 

101 

272 

373 

625 
339 

964 

687 
595 

1,282 

588 
371 

959 

492 
225 

717 

$8,888 
23,936 

Short 

tons 
3,549 

4,219 

4,065 

2,236 

4,811 

$383,292 
480,966 
560,970 
250,432 
490,722 

Fine 
ounces 

2,022 

3,036 
4,731 
3,541 
2,112 

1910 

$1,092 

32,824 

56.250 
30,510 

• 

1911 

1,609 

86,760 

61,830 
53,550 

1912 

2,909 

115,380 

51,744 
32,648 

1913 

2,139 

84,392 

38,376 
17,550 

1914 

1,168 

$55,392 

COAL  IN  GILLESPIE  AND  MOUNT  OLIVE 
QUADRANGLES 

By  Wallace  Lee 

(U.  S.  Geological  Survey  in  cooperation  with  the  Illinois  State  Geological  Survey 


OUTLINE 

PAGE 

Introduction    51 

Description  of  coal  beds 53 

Coal  No.   1 53 

Coal  No.  2 53 

Coal  No.  3 54 

Coal  No.  4 55 

Coal  No.  5 55 

Coal  No.  6 55 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

FIGURE 

2.  Map  of  Gillespie  quadrangle  showing  structure  contours  on  coal  No.  6....  56 

3.  Map  of  Mount  Olive  quadrangle  showing  structure  contours  on  coal  No.  6.  57 


INTRODUCTION 

The  investigations  of  the  coal  resources  of  the  Mount  Olive  and  Gilles- 
pie quadrangles  were  made  in  connection  with  the  complete  geological  work 
of  the  area  for  folio  publication  by  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey.  In  a  pre- 
vious State  report1  the  general  geology  of  these  quadrangles  was  discussed, 
but  the  accompanying  log  of  a  drill  hole  near  Litchfield  summarizes  the  stra- 
tigraphy. 

Log  of  well  NE.  cor.  NE.  %  SE.  ]/A  sec.  29,  T.  9  N.,  R.  5  W. 


Description  of  strata 


Thickness 


Depth 


Pleistocene  deposits — 

Surface   

Sand     

Hardpan    

McLeansboro  formation — 

Clay,   sandy,   blue 

Limestone     

Clay    

Sand,  green   

Gravel    

Limestone,    broken    .  . 

Shale,   sandy    


Ft. 

15 

1 

29 

18 

43 
13 

3 
12 

2 


in. 

Ft. 

15 

16 

45 

63 

10 

63 

2 

107 

120 

123 

135 

137 

10 


1Lee,  Wallace,    Oil  and   gas   in   the   Gillespie  and   Mount   Olive   quadrangles,    111.    State    G'eol. 
Survey    Bull.    31,    pp.    73-107,    1915. 

(51) 


52 


BIENNIAL  REPORT   FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Description  of  strata 


Thickness 


Depth 


No.  6 


McLeansboro  formation — (concluded) 

Slate,  black    

Shale,  sandy    

Limestone,    dirty    

Slate,   black    

Limestone,    dirty 

Coal,  slaty    

Shale,   gray    

Limestone   with  shale  bands 

Shale,   sandy 

Limestone     

Sandstone     , 

Shale,   sandy    

Shale,   sandy    

Sandstone     

Shale    

Limestone     

Shale,   sandy    

Limestone     

Shale    

Carbondale  formation — 

Coal    

Shale    ("blue  band") 

Coal    

Fire    clay    

Shale,  blue   

Conglomerate    

Shale,  hard  gray 

Slate,   black    

Coal,  No.  5 

Fire    clay    

Sandstone     

Coal    

Shale    

Coal    

Shale    

Sandstone,  shale  partings 

Shale,  dark  sandy 

Shale,  black   

Coal    

Shale    

Limestone     

Shale,  soft   

Coal,   slaty    

Coal    T  group 

Shale    | 

Limestone     

Shale,   dark    

Coal    


No.  4 


No.  3 


Ft. 

1 

45 

1 

1 

1 

6 

5 
24 

5 
11 
28 
22 
28 
64 

5 
13 

3 
53 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 
16 

1 

1 

2 
46 

2 


2 
17 
34 
1 
1 
2 
3 
1 

2 
1 
1 
2 


10 
3 

2 

10 
7 
5 

6 
9 


Ft. 

138 
183 
184 
185 
187 
187 
194 
199 
223 
228 
239 
267 
290 
318 
382 
387 
400 
403 
456 

457 
458 
460 
461 
463 
466 
482 
483 
484 
487 
533 
535 
535 
536 
539 
556 
590 
591 
593 
596 
599 
600 
601 
603 
605 
606 
608 
609 


COAL  IN  GILLESPIE  AND   MOUNT  OLIVE  QUADRANGLES 


53 


Description  of  strata 


Thickness 


Depth 


Carbondale  formation — (concluded) 

Shale,  soft    

Fire    clay    

Shale,   sandy    

Sandstone     

Slate,  black    

Coal    

Shale    

Coal   

Pottsville   formation — 

Shale,   sandy    

Sandstone,    shaly    

Shale,    sandy,   dark 

Limestone,    broken    

Coal,  No.    1 

Fire   clay,   hard 

Shale,   dark    

Sandstone,    shale    parting 

Limestone,    shale   parting 

Shale,  dark  sandy  bands 

Sandstone,  hard    

Shale,   sandy    

Sandstone     

Shale,  blue   

Sandstone     


No.  2 


Ft. 

in. 

4 

3 

9 

6 

16 

5 

4 

2 

9 

12 

4 

10 

14 

11 

10 

14 

2 

4 

10 

6 

2 

3 

14 

3 

9 

..   1 

2 

22 

26 

10 

8 

•  • 

Ft. 

613 
623 
639 
644 
648 
648 
661 
662 

667 
687 
701 
703 
707 
714 
717 
731 
734 
743 
745 
767 
793 
803 
811 


10 


DESCRIPTION  OF  COAL  BEDS 
Coal  No.  1 

Coal  No.  1,  which  was  mined  at  a  depth  of  about  700  feet  at  the  recently 
closed  mine  at  Litchfield,  has  been  reported  at  a  few  other  localities,  but  it 
is  usually  reported  as  black  shale.  Most  of  the  holes  that  have  been  drilled 
to  this  depth,  however,  are  oil  wells ;  and  as  other  coals  thought  to  be  present 
have  been  carelessly  recorded  as  black  shales,  the  absence  of  workable  de- 
posits of  this  coal  is  not  conclusively  demonstrated  even  where  wells  have 
been  drilled  to  the  proper  depth.  The  coal  in  the  Litchfield  mine  though  of 
good  quality  was  found  to  thin  so  sharply  in  one  direction  and  to  become 
so  dirty  in  another,  that  it  is  said  that  had  the  test  hole  been  placed  one-half 
mile  distant  in  either  direction  the  shaft  would  probably  not  have  been  sunk. 
A  variable  character  is  attributed  to  this  bed  at  other  localities,  and  it  is  de- 
sirable that  this  bed  be  carefully  tested  elsewhere  before  exploitation  is 
attempted. 

Coal  No.  2 

Coal  No.  2  or  Murphysboro  coal  is  split  into  two  beds  at  most  localities 
in  the  area.     At  Litchfield  two  beds  9  inches  and  10  inches  thick,  respec- 


54  BIENNIAL  REPORT   FOR   1913  AND   1914 

tively,  are  separated  by  12  feet  4  inches  of  shale  (see  accompanying  log), 
but  in  a  well  drilled  by  the  community  near  Walshville,  two  beds,  1  foot  10 
inches  and  3  feet  10  inches,  respectively,  the  thicker  lying  below,  are  sep- 
arated by  11  feet  6  inches  of  sandy  shale.  At  the  old  Litchfield  mine  it  is 
said  to  have  consisted  of  two  benches  2  feet  6  inches  and  2  feet  4  inches 
thick,  separated  by  5  feet  6  inches  of  clay  and  shale. 

At  intermediate  localities  only  one  coal  has  been  reported.  Thus,  at  the 
Smith  well  in  sec.  15,  T.  7  N.,  R.  5  W.,  drilled  by  T.  A.  Rinaker,  one  bed  3 
feet  thick  overlain  by  7  feet  of  black  slate  was  reported.  In  the  Telfers  well 
drilled  by  the  Producers  Oil  Company  in  sec.  22,  T.  8  N.,  R.  5  W.,  4  feet 
of  coal  overlain  by  5  feet  of  limestone  was  reported,  and  in  the  Mark  Flitz 
well  drilled  by  the  same  company  in  sec.  24,  T.  8  N.,  R.  5  W.,  7  feet  of  coal 
was  reported ;  allowance  must  be  made  for  the  fact  that  these  are  churn 
drill  records  of  oil  wells. 

Coal  No.  3 

None  of  the  coals  in  the  group  of  the  horizon  of  coal  No.  3  is  now 
mined  in  the  area,  but  it  appears  to  be  of  workable  thickness  at  a  number  of 
localities.  Its  stratigraphic  position  is  approximately  135  feet  below  the  top 
of  coal  No.  6.  In  sec.  5,  T.  8  N.,  R.  5  W.,  the  two  upper  beds  are  reported 
in  a  core-drill  log  to  be  2  feet  9  inches  and  3  feet  4  inches,  respectively,  and 
separated  by  8  feet  10  inches  of  shale  and  limestone.  The  lower  and  thicker 
of  these,  however,  is  contaminated  by -"bands  of  shale".  In  the  Telfers  oil 
well  drilled  in  sec.  22,  T.  8  N.,  R.  5  W.,  by  the  Producers  Oil  Company  a  bed 
4  feet  thick  was  reported,  whereas  in  the  oil  well  drilled  on  the  Smith  farm. 

Section  of  coal  (Worthen  No.  3)  and  associated  strata  at  Litchfield  shaft 


Sandy  shale   

Black   shale    

Coal    

Shale    

Limestone     

Shale    

Coal,   slaty    

Coal 

Shale    

Limestone     

Shale,   dark    

Coal    

Shale  and  fire  clay 

19  3 

sec.  15,  T.  7  N.,  R.  5  W.,  by  T.  A.  Rinaker,  5  feet  of  coal  is  said  to  have 
been  penetrated.     Although  the  bed  is  thinner  at  other  points  the  evidence 


Thic 

kness 

Ft 

in. 

1 

11 

1 

10 

2 

3 

3 

1 

2 

10 

2 

7 

1 

5 

1 

2 

6 

9 

COAL  IN  GILLESPIE  AND   MOUNT  OLIVE  QUADRANGLES  55 

seems  to  indicate  that  valuable  coal  deposits  occur  at  this  horizon  in  some 
localities.  The  possibility  of  its  presence  in  beds  thick  enough  to  work 
should  not  be  overlooked  in  prospecting. 

Coal  No.  4 

Coal  No.  4,  which  lies  about  75  feet  below  the  top  of  coal  No.  6,  was 
worked  temporarily  in  the  Litchfield  mine  where  it  was  thought  to  be  the 
No.  6  or  Herrin  coal.  The  bed  at  this  point  is  3  feet  4  inches  thick,  including 
a  4-inch  shale  parting.  In  the  oil  well,  already  mentioned,  drilled  on  the 
Smith  farm,  sec.  15,  T.  7  N.,  R.  5  W.,  this  bed  is  said  to  be  6  feet  thick,  and 
in  the  Patterson  and  Heydrick  well  drilled  in  sec.  20,  T.  7  N.,  R.  4  W.,  it  is 
reported  to  be  5  feet  thick,  though  allowance  must  be  made  for  the  fact  that 
the  holes  are  churn-drill  holes  prospecting  for  oil.  A  core  drill,  however,  in 
T.  8  N.,  R.  4  W.,  showed  the  presence  of  8  feet  of  coal  at  this  horizon  which 
was  reported  as  "coal  and  smut".  In  a  diamond-drill  hole  on  the  Atterbury 
farm  in  sec.  6,  T.  7  N.,  R.  4  W.,  6  feet  8  inches  of  coal  overlain  by  4  feet  6 
inches  of  limestone  is  reported.  It  is  believed,  therefore,  that  considerable 
coal  of  workable  thickness  may  be  found  in  this  bed,  though  little  is  known 
of  its  quality.  Since,  however,  though  thin  it  was  mistaken  for  coal  No.  6 
and  mined  for  a  time  at  Litchfield,  the  coal  is  no  doubt  of  good  grade  at  least 
locally.  The  failure  to  mine  this  coal  more  extensively  is  no  doubt  due  to 
its  thinness  in  both  shafts  at  Litchfield. 

Coal  No.  5 

Coal  No.  5,  or  Springfield  coal,  which  is  so  profitable  to  the  north  in 
the  Springfield  area,  is  reported  to  be  of  workable  thickness  at  only  one 
point  in  the  two  quadrangles  here  considered.  In  a  diamond-drill  hole  in  T. 
7  N.,  R.  4  E.,  over  6  feet  of  coal  was  reported.  This  thickness  is  unusual, 
however,  and  the  workable  coal  probably  underlies  a  small  area  only.  Coal 
No.  5  is  frequently  not  reported  at  all  in  many  detailed  logs,  though  thick- 
nesses of  2  or  3  feet  are  not  uncommon. 

Coal  No.  6 

Coal  No.  6,  or  Herrin  coal,  is  the  thickest  and  most  valuable  coal  in  the 
area.  As  shown  in  figures  2  and  3,  this  coal  rises  irregularly  from  an  altitude 
of  150  feet  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the  area  to  over  400  feet  near  the 
western  margin.  In  depth  below  the  surface  it  ranges  from  about  100  to 
450  feet.  It  lies  nearer  the  surface  than  the  other  coals  and  may  be  mined 
under  more  favorable  conditions.  A  thin  band  of  dark  clay  shale,  which 
lies  from  8  to  20  inches  above  the  base,  is  present  in  this  coal  everywhere 
throughout  the  southern  part  of  Illinois  and  has  given  it  the  name  of  the 
"blue  band"  coal.  It  has  a  rather  even  thickness  of  from  6  to  8  feet  over  the 
western  two-thirds  of  the  area,  though  in  the  southwest  corner  there  are 


56 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND   1914 


many  rolls,  and  the  thickness  may  change  from  4  to  7  feet  within  very  short 
distances  (the  length  of  a  mine  room).  In  a  strip  two  or  three  miles  wide 
on  both  sides  of  a  line  passing  through  Litchfield  and  Walshville  coal  No.  6 
is  for  the  most  part  too  thin  to  work,  and  in  some  places  it  appears  to  be 


R8W. 


R.7  W. 


R.6  W. 


R  8  W.  R.7  W.  R6  W. 

Fig.  2. — Map  of  Gillespie  quadrangle  showing  structure  contours  on  coal  Xo.  6. 


absent.  Farther  east,  particularly  in  the  neighborhood  of  Hillsboro,  the 
coal  though  generally  present  is  entirely  absent  from  distinctly  channel- 
shaped  areas,  being  cut  off  along  a  curving  line  in  the  mine  workings  by  a 
steeply  sloping  surface  which  has  been  attributed  to  faulting.     Drilling  in 


COAL  IX  GILLESPIE  AND  MOUNT  OLIVE  QUADRANGLES 


57 


one  case,  however,  has  demonstrated  very  clearly  that  the  coal  was  not  dis- 
placed, but  entirely  absent  for  a  width  of  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile, 
beyond  which  the  coal  is  again  present  in  undisturbed  continuity  at  the  same 
or  nearly  the  same  level.     The  cutting  out  of  the  coal  is  due  probably  to  its 


R.6  W. 


R.5  W. 


R.4  W. 


R.6  W.  R.5  W.  R.4  W. 

Fig.  3. — Map  of  Mount  Olive  quadrangle  showing  structure  contours 


on  coal  No.  6. 


erosion  a  short  time  after  its  deposition  and  to  the  subsequent  filling  of  the 
channels  with  shale  and  sand.  Logs  of  oil  holes  drilled  north  of  Butler  fail 
to  report  coal  No.  6  in  this  area,  but  the  unreliability  of  oil  wells  in  relation 
to  the  coal  has  already  been  mentioned.     It  is  not  improbable,  however,  that 


58  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 

coal  No.  6  may  be  found  to  be  thin  or  absent  in  a  considerable  part  of  Butler 
Grove  Township,  though  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  some  of  the  lower 
beds  are  present  in  workable  thickness. 

The  limestone  mentioned  as  overlying  coal  No.  6  is  a  very  valuable 
factor  in  the  cheap  mining  of  the  coal.  In  parts  of  the  area,  however,  this 
limestone  is  not  present,  and  as  the  roof  of  the  coal  is  difficult  to  hold  in  its 
absence,  considerable  areas  in  which  the  character,  thickness,  and  continuity 
of  the  coal  is  otherwise  satisfactory,  are  not  at  present  considered  profitable 
territory. 

The  roof  limestone  is  absent  throughout  Honey  Point  Township  and 
in  the  northern  and  eastern  parts  of  Cahokia  Township,  and  it  is  generally, 
though  not  everywhere,  absent  from  the  area  mentioned  in  which  the  coal 
itself  is  thin. 

Both  the  absence  of  the  limestone  and  the  thinning  of  the  coal  are  due 
probably  to  the  same  cause.  A  short  time  after  the  deposition  of  the  coal 
and  limestone  the  land  was  slightly  elevated  above  the  sea,  and  broad  shallow 
drains  were  cut  in  the  new  land  surface.  In  localities  farther  from  the 
streams  the  limestone  only  was  eroded.  Close  to  the  drainage  lines  the  coal 
and  limestone  were  both  affected,  and  in  some  localities,  particularly  near 
the  channels,  both  the  coal  and  some  of  the  underlying  shales  were  cut  away. 
In  the  submergence  that  followed,  the  flat  valleys  became  filled  with  sand 
and  clay,  in  some  places  containing  streaks  of  coaly  material  and  continued 
accessions  of  sediment  to  and  above  the  original  position  of  the  limestones 
succeeded  in  apparent  conformity. 

In  some  places  the  black  shale  above  the  coal  includes  or  is  replaced  by 
a  lenticular  band  of  highly  sulphurous  and  very  black  slate-like  material 
that  has  a  tendency  to  spontaneous  combustion.  Where  this  material  is 
present  it  is  a  source  of  considerable  inconvenience  in  mining,  and  when 
disturbed,  areas  of  incipient  and  actual  burning  often  have  to  be  sealed  off 
for  months  to  extinguish  the  fires.  The  incoherent  character  of  the  Mc- 
Leansboro  formation  permits  the  subsidence  of  the  beds  between  the  coal 
and  the  surface,  a  phenomenon  of  common  occurrence  in  areas  where  the 
coal  has  been  partly  mined  out.  Entire  beds  in  most  places  appear  to  sub- 
side by  sheering  around  the  undermined  area,  often  causing  a  change  of 
level  of  two  or  three  feet  at  the  surface. 

Faulting  is  rare,  and  even  the  few  known  cases  of  faulting  have  a  throw 
of  only  a  few  feet.  At  Panama  several  small  faults  are  known,  but  the 
effect  is  not  much  more  serious  than  the  presence  of  pronounced  "rolls". 

As  a  rule  very  little  gas  is  present,  and  the  mines  are  practically  dry. 
These  conditions,  together  with  the  excellent  roof  and  the  comparatively 
slight  depth  of  the  coal  below  the  surface,  make  the  mining  of  coal  No.  6  in 


COAL  IN  GILLESPIE  AND  MOUNT  OLIVE  QUADRANGLES  59 

this  area  particularly  inviting,  and  except  near  Litchfield  where  this  coal  is 
thin  or  absent  little  effort  has  been  made  to  mine  or  even  to  prospect  the 
lower  coals. 

As  the  areas  of  coal  No.  6  become  worked  out,  however,  attention  will 
turn  to  the  deeper  and  less  well-known  coal  seams,  and  though  these  beds 
occur  for  the  most  part  under  less  desirable  conditions  than  coal  No.  6  and 
are  of  more  variable  thickness  and  grade,  they  form  a  great  and  very  im- 
portant coal  reserve. 


PENNSYLVANIAN  FIRE  CLAYS  OF  ILLINOIS 

By  Edwin  H.  Lines 


OUTLINE 

Stratigraphy    

Count}*   reports    

Madison  County   

Jersey  County   

Calhoun   County    

Greene   County    

Scott   County    

Morgan   County    

Pike  County  

Brown    County    

Adams    County    

Schuyler  County   

Hancock  County   

McDonough   County    

Fulton    County 

Warren    County    

Mercer  County    

Rock  Island  County    

La  Salle   County    

Grundy  County  

ILLUSTRATIONS 

FIGURE 

4.  Map  showing  approximate  outcrop  of  the  Cheltenham  clay  in  Illinois 

5.  Graphic  sections  showing  the  relations  of  Cheltenham  clay  in  Missouri  and 

Illinois 


PAGE 

61 
66 
66 
67 
67 
67 
68 
68 
69 
69 
69 
70 
70 
70 
71 
71 
71 
72 
72 
73 


62 

64 


STRATIGRAPHY 

Although  a  clay  similar  in  appearance  to  tire  clay  and  often  loosely  re- 
ferred to  as  such  lies  below  practically  every  coal  bed  in  the  Pennsylvanian 
formation,  the  only  refractory  clays  occur  at  the  base  of  the  formation.  In 
the  western  part  of  the  State  these  clays  outcrop  at  many  points  from  Alton 
to  Rock  Island  at  the  boundary  between  the  Pennsylvanian  and  Mississip- 
pian  formations  and  in  the  north-central  part  in  La  Salle  County  adjacent 
to  the  boundary  between  the  Pennsylvanian  and  Ordovician  formations. 
These  boundaries  are  shown  on  the  geologic  map  of  the  State1  and  approxi- 


1The   latest    edition    was   published   by    the    Illinois    State    Geological    Survey    in    1914. 


(61) 


<>2 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND   1914 


Fig.  4. — Map  showing  approximate  outcrop  of  the  Cheltenham  clay  in  Illinois. 


PENNSYLVANIAN  FIRE  CLAYS  OF  ILLINOIS  63 

mately  also  on  the  map  (fig.  4)  accompanying  this  paper.  South  of  Madi- 
son County  the  basal  portion  of  the  "Coal  Measures"  is  greatly  thickened  by 
beds  of  coal,  shale,  and  sandstone  that  are  not  present  to  the  north,  and  the 
clays  are  not  refractory. 

In  a  previous  publication  of  the  Survey2  David  White  has  presented 
paleobotanical  evidence  to  show  that  although  the  coal  itself  is  not  present 
in  most  of  the  area  in  which  the  clays  are  being  exploited,  the  stratigraphic 
position  of  the  fire  clays  is  immediately  below  the  horizon  of  coal  No.  1  of 
Rock  Island  County.  In  the  summer  of  1909  the  writer  in  connection  with 
the  collection  of  representative  samples  of  this  fire  clay  studied  the  strati- 
graphic  environment  of  these  clays  with  the  object  of  establishing  the  corre- 
lation on  a  lithologic  basis.  The  studies  were  begun  in  the  southern  portion 
of  the  field  and  carried  northward.  From  Madison  to  Brown  counties,  in- 
clusive, the  sections  presented  marked  uniformity,  but  north  of  this  area  the 
sections  were  modified  to  such  an  extent  that  in  some  places  correlations 
that  are  not  verified  by  fossil  evidence  are  doubtful.  A  general  section  for 
the  region  is  somewhat  as  follows : 

General  section  showing  fire-clay  horizon 

Thickness 
Description   of   strata  Feet 

8.  Shale     30 

7.  Coal  No.  2 2]/2 

6.  Clay     ' 5 

5.  Limestone   (south  of  Colchester) 4 

4.  Shale  and  sandstone   (north  of  Colchester) 25 

3.  Coal  No.  1   (Rock  Island  County  and  locally) 2 

2.  Fire  clay    8 

1.  Coarse    sandstone     10 

Mississippian  limestone,  St.  Peter  sandstone,  or  Platteville   ?  limestone 

The  sections  in  figure  5,  most  of  which  are  at  points  where  the  clay  is 
exploited,  illustrate  the  prominent  features  of  the  stratigraphy  from  Madi- 
son to  Rock  Island  counties.  For  comparison  two  sections  from  the  Chel- 
tenham district,  St.  Louis,  are  also  shown. 

In  the  region  of  greatest  exploitation,  or  sduth  of  Macomb,  coal  No.  2  is 
at  most  places  from  2  to  2y2  feet  thick.  Below  it  is  a  plastic,  5-foot  clay 
that  is  nearly  everywhere  of  no  value  for  ceramic  purposes.  Below  this  clay 
is  a  limestone  that  occurs  at  Colchester,  Ray  (?),  Ripley,  Exeter,  Alsey, 
North  and  East  Alton,  Golden  Eagle,  and  Cantine,  and  also  in  St.  Louis. 
In  the  vicinity  of  Alton  the  limestone  has  a  dense,  gray  matrix  containing 
darker  gray  subcrystalline  inclusions,  varying  in  size  from  minute  fragments 

2White,  David,  Report  on  field  work  done  in  1907:  111.  State  Geol.  Survey  Bull.  8,  pp.  268- 
272,   1907. 


64 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


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PENNSVLVANIAN   FIRE  CLAYS  OF  ILLINOIS  65 

to  pieces  several  inches  in  diameter.  A  fresh  fracture  shows  no  difference 
in  structure  between  matrix  and  inclusions,  but  the  inclusions  are  most  re- 
sistant to  weathering,  so  that  in  outcropping  rocks  these  inclusions  stand  out 
in  relief.  The  limestone  in  this  vicinity  occurs  as  a  bed  about  3  feet  thick. 
This  limestone  at  Exeter,  Alsey,  and  probably  at  Ripley,  is  of  the  same  char- 
acter as  that  at  Alton.  At  Golden  Eagle,  however,  the  limestone  below  the 
coal  occurs  in  lenses  or  boulders,  is  light  gray  in  color,  and  possesses  a  gran- 
ular to  pisolitic  concretionary  structure.  Both  the  lenses  and  boulders  pre- 
sent a  pisolitic  surface  and  imbedded  in  some  of  the  boulders  are  numerous 
crystals  of  pyrite.  The  position  of  these  lenses  suggests  deposition  contem- 
poraneous with  the  brecciated  limestone  at  Alton  and  elsewhere,  but  the 
differences  in  the  character  of  the  limestone  indicate  that  the  conditions  at 
least  of  deposition  were  different.  The  writer  did  not  succeed  in  finding 
any  of  the  boulders  "in  place",  but  at  Cantine  they  were  reported  to  occur 
in  the  clay  above  the  limestone  bed.  These  boulders  have  a  high  iron  content 
and  in  some  of  them  the  iron  content  predominates  to  such  an  extent  that 
they  approximate  the  composition  of  "kidney"  iron  ore.  The  iron  boulders 
also  present  the  same  pisolitic  surfaces  possessed  by  the  limestone  boulders. 
An  occasional  ore  boulder,  but  none  of  the  limestone  boulders,  was  found  in 
the  Cheltenham  district  of  St.  Louis.  However,  some  limestone  boulders 
were  found  thrown  out  of  a  test  pit  at  the  St.  Louis  Portland  Cement  Com- 
pany north  of  the  city.  Conditions  here  appear  to  be  similar  to  those  at 
Golden  Eagle.  The  limestone  in  the  section  at  Ray  is  similar  to  that  south, 
except  that  the  matrix  is  light  brownish  gray  instead  of  nearly  as  dark  as 
the  inclusions.  The  coal  here  corresponds  to  Worthen's  coal  No.  3  of 
Schuyler  County,  but  it  is  probably  No.  2. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Colchester  the  limestone  below  coal  No.  2  appears  as 
lenses  or  boulders.  The  limestone  here  presents  a  brecciated  appearance 
produced  apparently  by  calcite-filled  fractures  in  an  originally  homogeneous 
rock.  The  boulders  also  contain  numerous  cavities  wholly  or  partly  filled 
with  calcite  crystals.  The  limestone  is  separated  from  the  underclay  of  coal 
No.  2  by  a  few  feet  of  shale.  At  Golden  Eagle,  North  and  East  Alton,  Can- 
tine,  and  Ripley,  the  fire  clay  lies  immediately  below  the  limestone,  but  here 
20  feet  of  clay,  sandstone,  and  shale  with  a  local  development  of  coal  No.  1 
intervenes.  Coal  No.  1  where  present  lies  immediately  above  the  fire  clay 
and  reaches  a  maximum  thickness  of  2  feet. 

In  the  vicinity  of  White  Hall  and  Drake,  no  limestone  is  present.  Much 
of  coal  No.  2  has  been  eroded  from  this  region,  but  where  present,  as  in  part 
of  the  pit  of  the  White  Hall  Stoneware  and  Sewer  Pipe  Company,  there  is 
no  underlying  limestone.  At  Macomb  both  coal  and  limestone  are  absent. 
The  fire  clay  in  the  Macomb  Illinois  Clay  Products  Company's  pit  occurs 
below  two  feet  of  highly  carbonaceous  clay  which  possibly  marks  the  hori- 
zon of  coal  No.   1.     Above  the  carbonaceous  clay  is  three  feet  of  massive 


66  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 

gray  sandstone.  At  Monmouth  in  the  mine  of  the  Monmouth  Mining  and 
Manufacturing  Company,  the  fire  clay  lies  30  feet  below  coal  No.  2,  and  a 
local  development  of  coal  No.  1   (?)  occurs  in  the  midst  of  the  clay. 

At  Carbon  Cliff  the  fire  clay  lies  immediately  below  coal  No.  1  and 
black  limestone  above.  Coal  No.  1  capped  by  a  similar  black  limestone  also 
overlies  the  clay  south  of  Utica.  The  clay  here  lies  unconformably  upon 
patches  of  Platteville  (?)  limestone  or  the  irregular  surfaces  of  St.  Peter 
sandstone.  At  Ottawa,  the  clay  is  overlain  by  coal  No.  2  (  ?)  and  10  feet  of 
gray  shale,  and  underlain  by  St.  Peter  sandstone. 

The  fire  clay  where  exploited  ranges  from  5  to  20  feet  in  thickness  with 
an  average  of  8  feet.  It  ranges  in  color  from  black  to  light  gray  where  the 
overlying  rocks  have  not  been  disturbed,  but  near  White  Hall  and  Drake, 
where  the  coal  has  been  eroded,  it  is  nearly  white.  The  whitish  clay  is  in 
most  places  mottled  to  some  extent  with  blotches  of  Indian  red.  In  a  local 
deposit  at  Drake  this  color  permeates  the  whole  mass  and  causes  the  clay 
to  burn  red.  It  seems  probable  that  the  red  portions  are  reworked  from  a 
bed  of  shale  of  this  same  color  which  shows  in  outcrop  below  the  clay  pits  at 
Drake.  At  all  localities  the  clay  contains  considerable  quantities  of  iron  as 
small  crystals  of  pyrite  scattered  through  the  bed.  It  is  segregated  to  a  con- 
siderable extent,  however,  usually  in  bands  near  the  top.  Gypsum  crystals 
also  are  usually  to  be  observed  on  exposed  surfaces. 

The  clay  in  most  places  rests  upon  the  irregular  surface  of  the  coarse 
gray  sandstone  that  forms  the  basal  member  of  the  Pennsylvania  formation 
but  may  be  separated  from  it  by  a  foot  or  two  of  shale.  At  one  or  two 
points  there  is  a  local  development  of  coal  between  the  fire  clay  and  the 
sandstones. 

COUNTY  REPORTS 
Madison  County 

The  outcrop  of  the  fire  clay  in  Madison  County  extends  from  a  point 
on  the  county  line  north  of  Godfrey  southerly  and  easterly  to  East  Alton. 
South  of  East  Alton  it  is  cut  off  by  the  alluvium  of  the  Mississippi  River 
bottom.  Fire  clay  is  found,  however,  two  miles  east  of  Collinsville  at  Can- 
tine  at  a  depth  of  270  feet,  and  it  seems  probable  in  view  of  the  extensive 
development  of  fire  clay  from  this  horizon  in  the  St.  Louis  district,  that  the 
clay  extends  entirely  across  the  county. 

At  Cantine  the  clay,  including  both  that  above  and  below  the  limestone, 
is  from  10  to  14  feet  thick.  The  clay  above  the  limestone  is  used  for  buff 
brick,  and  that  below  for  gray  brick.  At  East  Alton,  at  the  sewer-pipe  plant, 
the  clay  below  the  limestone  is  7  feet  thick,  and  in  a  test  pit  and  boring  in 
the  yard  of  the  Alton  Paving  Brick  and  Fire  Brick  Company,  at  North 
Alton,  the  clay  below  the  limestone  was  more  than  20  feet  thick.  This 
thickness  is  exceptional  and  probably  extends  over  only  a  limited  area. 


pennsylvanian  fire  clays  of  illljnois  67 

Jersey  County 

In  Jersey  County  the  fire-clay  horizon  outcrops  in  the  eastern  half  of 
the  county,  but  the  beds  in  this  region  appear  shaly  or  sandy.  No  outcrops 
were  found  that  looked  sufficiently  favorable  to  warrant  sampling. 

Calhoun  County 

At  the  southern  end  of  Calhoun  County,  at  Golden  Eagle,  the  clay  is 
used  in  the  manufacture  of  fire  brick.  Coal  No.  2,  which  lies  immediately 
above  the  clay,  is  mined  with  it.  The  clay  is  reported  to  be  10  feet  or  more 
in  thickness,  but  only  5  or  6  feet  is  mined,  all  of  which  lies  above  the  lime- 
stone. This  is  the  only  place  where  the  clay  over  the  limestone  is  used  in 
preference  to  that  below.  At  every  point  north  of  here  the  clay  between 
coal  No.  2  and  the  limestone  is  too  poor  in  quality  to  be  used.  The  area 
underlain  by  this  clay  in  the  southern  end  of  Calhoun  County  is  probably 
about  one  square  mile,  but  prospecting  has  not  revealed  its  quality  elsewhere 
than  at  Golden  Eagle. 

Greene  County 

Prospecting  north  and  south  of  Carrollton  in  Greene  Countv  failed  to 
reveal  any  promising  outcrops  of  fire  clay,  although  one  sample  of  doubtful 
quality  was  taken  from  an  exposure  about  4  miles  east  of  Carrollton.  In 
the  vicinity  of  White  Hall  and  Drake,  however,  are  extensive  deposits.  In 
this  region  no  limestone  is  present  either  in  or  over  the  clay,  and  over  much 
of  the  area  the  coal  also  is  absent.  The  limestone  is  not  present  probably 
because  it  was  not  deposited,  but  the  coal  is  absent  because  it  has  been 
eroded.  In  the  pit  of  the  White  Hall  Stoneware  and  Sewer  Pipe  Company, 
this  is  clearly  illustrated  by  the  sudden  replacement  of  the  coal  and  shale 
above  the  fire  clay  by  yellow  basal  clay. 

The  location  of  the  pits  from  which  the  White  Hall  plants  now  obtain 
their  clay  is  about  two  miles  east  of  the  town.  It  is  reported,  however,  that 
good  deposits  extending  another  mile  east  are  available  when  the  present 
plants  are  worked  out.  The  dip  of  the  rocks  here  is  easterly,  and  nothing  is 
known  of  the  clay  after  it  gets  below  drainage,  but  it  is  possible  that  shafts 
would  reach  the  clay  over  a  larger  area.  The  clay  in  the  pits  is  from  10  to 
20  feet  thick.  Where  it  is  under  cover  of  the  coal  it  is  dark  gray,,  but  where 
it  is  covered  only  by  drift,  it  is  nearly  white,  except  for  patches  of  Indian  red 
in  the  lower  portion  and  the  yellow  iron  stain  in  the  upper  more  weathered 
portion.  The  yellow  clay  and  the  clay  below  the  coal  is  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  sewer  pipe,  and  the  whitest  clay  is  used  for  stoneware. 

One  of  the  pits  at  Drake  is  a  quarter  of  a  mile  southeast  of  the  station 
and  the  other  about  an  eighth  of  a  mile  south.  No  coal  is  present  above 
the  clay  at  either  point.  At  the  former  about  15  feet  of  gray  clay  is  exposed, 
the  lower  half  of  which  is  streaked  with  white  apparently  along  bedding 


68  BIENNIAL  REPORT    FOR   1913  AND   1914 

planes.  A  shale  structure,  however,  is  not  developed.  In  the  pit  nearer  the 
station  the  clay  rests  upon  an  irregular  sandy  floor  and  has  also  an  uneven 
upper  surface,  so  that  the  thickness  of  the  clay  is  constantly  changing,  the 
range  being  between  5  and  20  feet.  The  clay  in  this  bed  resembles  in  ap- 
pearance the  light-colored  clay  of  White  Hall.  In  a  nearby  abandoned  pit, 
the  Indian  red  color  that  appears  locally  elsewhere,  permeates  the  whole 
mass.  This  clay  burns  red  and  has  been  used  in  terra  cotta  manufacture. 
For  a  mile  in  either  direction  from  Drake  along  the  railroad,  the  fire  clay 
may  be  found  outcropping  in  the  ravines.  No  clay  has  been  reported  be- 
tween Drake  and  the  pits  west  of  White  Hall,  but  it  may  be  that  this  is  due 
to  its  covering  rather  than  that  it  is  absent.  The  outcrops  should  extend 
from  two  miles  east  of  White  Hall  in  a  northward  course  through  Rood- 
house,  thence  westward  to  Drake.  On  Birch  Creek,  which  is  about  3  miles 
east  of  Roodhouse,  the  horizon  of  the  fire  clay  is  approximately  at  drainage 
level  for  several  miles.  The  fire  clay  from  Drake  probably  has  been  more 
widely  distributed  than  that  from  any  other  point  in  the  State.  Besides 
being  shipped  to  various  points  in  Illinois,  it  has  found  markets  in  Missouri, 
Kansas,  and  Kentucky. 

Scott  County 

In  Scott  County  the  outcrop  of  the  fire  clay  extends  approximately 
through  Alsey,  Winchester,  and  Exeter.  At  Alsey  the  clay  is  mined  from  a 
shaft  at  a  depth  of  80  feet.  The  clay  here  is  reported  to  be  15  feet  thick, 
but  only  6  or  7  feet  are  removed  at  present.  It  is  used  in  the  manufacture 
of  building  brick.  The  bricks  are  buff  mottled  with  black.  The  mottling  is 
produced  by  the  melting  of  pyrite  crystals  which  appear  abundantly  in  the 
upper  portion  of  the  clay.  The  nearest  point  at  which  the  clay  outcrops  is 
on  a  branch  of  Little  Sandy  Creek  about  2  miles  northeast  of  Alsey.  Just 
below  the  limestone  at  this  outcrop,  which  reveals  only  about  4  feet  of  clay, 
numerous  gypsum  crystals  appear  on  the  surface. 

One  mile  east  of  Winchester  the  fire  clay  outcrops  on  Big  Sandy  Creek. 
No  clay  is  taken  from  here  now,  but  formerly  it  was  dug  for  use  in  the 
stoneware  pottery  at  Winchester.  Only  the  upper,  more  weathered  por- 
tions of  the  clay  were  used,  as  the  bottom  is  below  drainage. 

One-half  mile  west  of  Exeter  the  clay  outcrops  in  the  bluffs  of  Mauvais 
Terre  Creek.  At  one  point  in  the  bluff,  clay  was  at  one  time  dug  and  used 
at  a  pottery  in  Merritt,  but  not  all  the  clay  in  this  vicinity  could  be  used  for 
that  purpose,  but  at  an  outcrop  a  few  hundred  yards  east  of  the  place  where 
clay  was  formerly  dug,  the  clay  is  extremely  sandy. 

Morgan  County 
The  horizon  of  the  fire  clay  in  Morgan  County  lies  in  the  bluffs  of  Illi- 
nois River,  but  the  bluffs  are  so  covered  with  loess  that  there  are  few  or  no 
exposures  of  clay.    None  was  observed. 


pennsylvanian  fire  clays  of  illinois  69 

Pike  County 

In  Pike  County,  Pennsylvanian  rocks  underlie  only  township  4  north, 
range  4  west,  and  parts  of  the  surrounding  townships.  Coal  and  clay  occur 
a  short  distance  above  the  Mississippian  rocks,  but  it  is  uncertain  from  the 
lithologic  evidence  whether  or  not  they  are  the  No.  2  coal  and  underlying 
fire  clay.  No  limestone  appears  in  this  section,  whereas  sections  in  Scott 
and  Brown  counties  indicate  that  to  the  north  and  east  limestone  occurs  per- 
sistently between  the  coal  and  clay.  A  composite  bluff  and  roadside  section 
about  two  miles  northwest  of  M aysville  reveals  the  following : 

Section  tzvo  miles  northwest  of  M aysville 

Thickness 
Feet 

11.     Clay  shale    1  + 

10.     Fissile   shale,   black 6 

9.     Coal     1 

8.     Clay,  much  weathered 5 

7.     Clay  and  shale,  light  gray,  partly  concealed 15 

6.     Sandstone,    yellowish    gray 1 

5.     Fissile   shale,  blue  gray 6 

4.     Clay  shale,   drab 5 

3.     Sandstone,  soft,  light  gray 5 

2.     Clay  shale,  soft,  light  gray 1 

1.     Whitish    chert    (Mississippian) 1  + 

So  far  as  known  to  the  writer,  no  fire  clay  has  been  exploited  in  Pike  County, 
excepting  possibly  a  small  local  outlying  deposit  about  two  miles  south  of 
Pittsfield  which  is  reported  to  have  furnished  clay  for  a  pottery  formerly 
operated  at  Pittsfield. 

Brown  County 

In  Brown  County  the  valleys  of  McKees  and  Crooked  creeks  cut  below 
the  horizon  of  the  fire  clay  causing  the  outcrop  to  run  parallel  to  these 
streams.  No  refractory  clay  is  known  to  outcrop  on  McKees  Creek,  but 
on  Crooked  Creek  in  the  vicinity  of  Ripley,  clay  has  been  used  for  many 
years  and  formerly  quite  extensively  for  stoneware.  Since  Ripley  is  ten 
miles  from  the  nearest  railroad  station  the  trade  is  local. 

Adams  County 

In  Adams  County,  Pennsylvanian  rocks  underlie  most  of  the  townships 
in  the  two  eastern  tiers,  but  the  conditions  here  are  similar  to  those  in  Pike 
County,  and  no  exploitation  of  fire  clay  has  been  undertaken.  At  one  point 
on  Bear  Creek,  about  five  miles  northwest  of  Camp  Point,  a  sample  of  clay 
for  testing  was  taken  from  an  exposure  that  is  referred  doubtfully  to  the 
fire  clav  horizon. 


70  biennial  report  eor  1913  and  1914 

Schuyler  County 

Pennsylvanian-Mississippian  contact  parallels  Crooked  Creek  in  Schuy- 
ler County,  but  so  far  as  known  to  the  writer  no  fire  clay  has  been  exploited 
here.  On  Sugar  Creek  there  is  an  outcrop  that  appears  from  the  character 
of  the  section  and  the  altitude  of  the  coal  to  be  in  the  fire-clay  horizon,  and 
although  the  clay  is  used  only  for  the  manufacture  of  draintile,  the  lower 
portion  of  the  bed  is  classed  in  the  preliminary  tests  as  fire  clay.  It  does 
not  appear  to  be  in  the  stoneware  grade,  but  might  make  sewer  pipe. 

Hancock  County 

Pennsylvanian  rocks  occupy  the  extreme  southeast  corner  of  Hancock 
County  south  of  a  line  between  Stillwell  and  Plymouth.  No  prospecting  has 
been  done  for  fire  clay  outcrops,  but  the  following  section  measured  by  Jon 
Udden  of  the  Survey  indicates  the  succession  of  rocks  at  one  of  the  ex- 
posures. 

Section  on  Williams  Creek  in  SW.  VA  sec.  26,  T.  3  N.,  R.  5  W. 

Thickness 
Feet 
7.     Sandstone,  medium-grained,  whitish,  micaceous,  containing  concretions  of 

iron  carbonate    10 

6.     Fissile  shale,  hard,  black,  sandy  in  places V/z 

5.     Limestone,  nodular,  argillaceous,  contains  numerous  calcite  fillings 1 

4.     Shale,  fine  grained,  containing  plant  and  animal  remains 24 

3.     Coal  No.  1   (?) iy2 

2.     Clay,    gray,    weathering   white 5 

1.     Argillaceous  limestone  or  in  places  sandstone 2 

This  section  would  look  more  promising  for  fire  clay  if  the  argillaceous 
limestone  (No.  1  in  the  section)  were  absent.  Otherwise  the  section  resem- 
bles some  of  those  from  the  vicinity  of  Colchester. 

McDonough  County 

The  line  of  outcrop  of  the  clay  in  McDonough  County  extends  along 
the  bluffs  and  ravines  of  the  east  fork  of  Crooked  Creek  from  Bardolph  to 
the  county  line  on  the  north  side  and  Tennessee  on  the  south  side,  whence 
it  extends  southeast  toward  Schuyler  County.  The  extent  of  known  deposits 
of  fire  clay  of  good  quality  in  this  county  is  equalled  only  by  Greene  County. 
The  clay  is  now  being  dug  extensively  in  the  vicinity  of  Colchester  and  in  a 
pit  about  4  miles  northeast  of  Macomb.  At  the  latter  place  the  clay  is  about 
8  feet  thick  and  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  sewer  pipe  at  Macomb.  Clay 
has  been  dug  more  or  less  extensively  on  the  north  side  of  Crooked  Creek 
from  opposite  Macomb  nearly  to  Bardolph,  but  no  clay  has  been  found  on 
the  south  side.  Although  the  clay  taken  up  to  the  present  time  has  been 
from  open  pits,  the  cover  is  heavy  so  that  stripping  is  expensive. 


PENNSYLVANIAN  FIRE  CLAYS  OF  ILLINOIS  71 

At  Colchester  the  clay  is  mined  from  drifts  and  shipped  to  Monmouth 
and  Macomb  for  stoneware.  Not  all  the  mines  in  this  vicinity  are  operated 
continuously,  but  there  are  usually  four  or  five  in  operation  within  two  miles 
of  Colchester.  The  clay  here  is  from  7  to  10  feet  thick.  About  one  mile 
north  of  Tennessee,  in  the  south  bluff  of  Crooked  Creek,  clay  was  sampled 
from  a  mine  that  was  not  in  operation  when  visited.  A  mile  farther  north 
clay  sampled  from  an  outcrop  on  the  Lee  McClure  farm  showed  the  presence 
of  clay  on  the  north  side  of  the  creek  also. 

Fulton  County 

In  Fulton  County  the  Colchester  or  No.  2  coal  is  thin  or  absent,  whereas 
the  No.  1  coal  is  developed  to  workable  thickness.  The  No.  1  coal  outcrops 
on  Spoon  River  at  Seville  and  Ellisville,  but  where  the  writer  had  opportun- 
ity to  make  examinations  sandy  and  shaly  rocks  take  the  place  of  fire  clay. 
Just  north  of  Avon,  however,  on  Swan  Creek,  a  sample  of  clay  was  taken 
below  what  was  called  coal  No.  1. 

Warren  County 

Under  most  of  Warren  County  the  fire  clay  horizon  lies  below  drain- 
age. The  line  of  contact  between  the  Pennsylvanian  and  Missisippian  rocks 
passes  a  little  west  of  Smithshire,  Monmouth,  and  Gerlaw.  The  area  north 
and  west  of  this  line  is  occupied  by  Mississippian  rocks.  Exploitation  of 
fire  clay  in  this  county  is  confined  to  the  vicinity  of  Monmouth.  The  clay 
is  mined  just  east  of  Monmouth  where  it  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  sewer 
pipe.  The  10-foot  bed  is  not  homogeneous,  the  clay  representing  three  or 
four  grades  of  clay.  A  mile  north  of  town,  clay  from  probably  the  same 
horizon  but  inferior  in  quality  is  dug  from  an  open  pit  and  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  fireproofing.  A  limited  amount  of  prospecting  did  not 
reveal  any  further  deposits.  The  indications  do  not  suggest  valuable  deposits 
in  this  county  since  the  best  that  is  exploited  at  present  is  inferior  to  that 
used  in  McDonough  County  and  south. 

Mercer  County 

Coal  No.  1  is  below  drainage  under  much  of  Mercer  County,  so  that 
the  clay  under  it  is  seldom  seen.  Where  the  clay  is  exposed  by  mining  the 
coal,  it  is  usually  too  sandy  to  be  of  value  for  ceramic  purposes.  Near 
Griffin,  however,  an  outcrop  of  clay  at  this  horizon  gave  promising  results 
in  the  preliminary  test.  Unfortunately  lack  of  time  prevented  another  visit 
on  the  second  sampling  trip.  A  fire  clay  deposit  two  miles  northeast  of 
Aledo  was  sampled  also,  but  this  is  a  thin  bed  probably  not  at  the  same 
horizon. 


BIENNIAL   REPORT   FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Rock  Island  County 


In  the  southern  part  of  Rock  Island  County  conditions  are  similar 
to  those  in  Mercer  County,  but  just  north  of  Rock  River  clay  is  dug  at 
Carbon  Cliff  and  at  Sears.  At  Carbon  Cliff  the  clays  and  shales  appear 
to  lie  immediately  below  coal  No.  1  and  total  25  feet  in  thickness.  The 
hre  clay  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  dry-press  and  soft-mud  fire  brick 
and  the  clay  in  the  manufacture  of  draintile.  At  Sears  the  clay  and 
shale  is  20  feet  thick  and  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  fire  brick.  Here 
the  clay  underlies  5  feet  of  white  sandstone.  The  outcrop  of  coal  No.  1 
could  not  be  seen  at  the  time  of  the  writer's  visit,  but  the  indications  were 
that  the  coal  lies  a  short  distance  above  the  sandstone.  At  Illinois  City 
also  fire  clay  has  been  taken  from  immediately  below  a  similar  sandstone 
ledge,  at  probably  the  same  horizon.  The  clay  has  been  taken  to  Muscatine. 
Iowa,  for  sewer-pipe  manufacture.  This  clay  outcrops  on  a  number  of 
farms  in  this  vicinity,  and  although  the  Survey  has  not  had  an  opportunity 
to  sample  this  clay,  the  fact  that  intermittently  for  a  number  of  years  it  has 
been  hauled  about  8  miles  by  wagon  to  Muscatine,  Iowa,  indicates  that  the 
clay  is  of  good  quality. 

La  Salle  County 

The  only  places  along  the  outcrop  line  of  the  Pennsylvanian  rocks  east 
of  Rock  Island  County  at  which  fire  clay  is  exploited  are  in  La  Salle  County. 
Coal  No.  1  outcrops  from  the  bluffs  of  Illinois  River  between  the  Big  and 
Little  Vermilion  rivers,  and  Fox  River,  and  for  several  miles  up  the  latter 
streams.  The  clay  below  this  coal  is  now  being  used  five  miles  south  of 
Utica,  near  Lowell  and  just  east  of  Ottawa. 

There  are  two  pits  open  at  present  south  of  Utica.  In  one  the  clay 
is  about  10  feet  thick  and  overlain  by  coal  No.  1,  and  in  the  other  the 
clay  is  covered  only  by  a  foot  or  two  of  soil.  The  former  furnishes  a  hard 
gray  clay  used  in  making  fire  brick,  and  the  latter  a  whiter,  more  plastic, 
less  refractory  clay.  These  pits  are  above  the  Illinois  River  bluffs  on  the 
crest  of  the  La  Salle  anticline.  Although  only  the  clay  that  has  been  dug 
into  is  visible,  the  topography  of  the  land  and  the  structure  of  the  rocks 
indicate  that  in  sections  21  and  22  of  Deer  Park  Township,  there  should  be 
an  area  one-half  mile  wide  and  at  least  one  mile  long  over  which  this  fire 
clay  should  lie  under  light  cover. 

At  Lowell  an  outcrop  of  fire  clay  on  the  bluffs  of  the  Big  Vermilion 
River  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  stoneware  in  a  local  plant.  The  deposits 
east  of  Ottawa  are  used  in  connection  with  Missouri  flint  clay  in  the  manu- 
facture of  fire  brick.  The  clay  here  averages  6  feet  in  thickness  and  lies 
immediately  below  coal  No.  2  (  ?).  The  coal  is  2  feet  thick  and  overlain  by 
2  feet  of  shale.  The  clay  here,  as  south  of  Utica,  underlies  a  broad  flat 
which  in  this  case  is  at  the  base  of  the  bluffs  instead  of  the  summit,  and 


PENNSYLVANIAN  FIRE  CLAYS  OF  ILLINOIS  73 

extends  several  miles  east  from  the  pits.  The  fire-clay  horizon  extends 
above  drainage  up  Fox  River  as  far  as  the  ravines  2  miles  north  of  Dayton 
and  also  several  miles  west  of  Ottawa  in  the  bluffs  of  Illinois  River. 

In  mines  in  both  La  Salle  and  Grundy  counties  clay  below  coal  No. 
2,  known  commercially  as  the  "Third  Vein,"  possesses  refractory  qualities. 
Clay  from  this  horizon  is  taken  up  by  the  Illinois  Zinc  Company  from  their 
Deer  Park  mine  for  their  own  use  as  a  refractory. 

Grundy  County 

In  Grundy  County  the  clay  below  coal  No.  2,  or  "Third  Vein",  coal 
is  shipped  from  the  mines  of  the  Big  Four  Wilmington  Coal  Company  as  a 
ground  fire  clay,  and  from  the  Wilmington  Star  Mining  Company  for 
cupola  clay. 


GEOLOGY    AND    ECONOMIC    RESOURCES    OF 
COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES 

By  Henry  Hinds 

(U.  S.  Geological  Survey  in  cooperation  with  Illinois  State  Geological  Survey) 


OUTLINE 


Introduction    76 

Location  and  importance  of  area 76 

Acknowledgments     77 

Surface  relief  and  drainage 78 

General  geology    79 

Stratigraphy    79 

General    statement    79 

Surface  deposits   79 

Hard    rocks    80 

Mississippian   series    80 

Pennsylvanian  series    81 

Pottsville    formation    81 

Carbondale  formation   82 

Structure      83 

Economic   geology    84 

Coal     84 

Minor   coals    84 

Coal  No.  2 84 

Chemical  characteristics   89 

Production,  mines,  and  mining  methods 89 

Clay  and  shale  91 

Importance    91 

Loess  and  drift  clays 93 

Shale  in  Carbondale  formation 94 

Clay  and  shale  in  Pottsville  formation 94 

Importance   of   Pottsville  materials 94 

Clay  pits    94 

Areal    distribution    99 

Mechanical  and  burning  tests 100 

New  samples   100 

Old   samples    103 

Summary    104 

Stone     105 

Sandstone    105 

Limestone    105 

Sand  and  gravel 106 

Glass  sand  106 

Lime    106 

(75) 


76  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 

OUTLINE— (concluded) 

PAGE 

Cement    107 

I  ron,  zinc,  and  other  metals   107 

Oil  and  gas  108 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

FIGURE 

6.  Brecciated    St.    Louis   limestone 81 

7.  Pit  of  Colchester  Brick  and  Tile  Company 96 

PLATE 

11.     Economic  and  structure  map  of  the  Colchester  and  Macomb  quadrangles.  82 

TABLES 

30.  Drill  holes  in  which  coal  No.  2  is  absent 86 

31.  Proximate  analyses  of  coal  No.  2  near  Colchester  and  from  the  south  half 

of  Macomb  quadrangle    88 

32.  Ultimate  analyses  of  coal  No.  2  from  south  half  of  Macomb  quadrangle.  .  89 

33.  List  of  working  or  workable  coal  mines  in  1912 90 

34.  Test  of  raw  clay  and  shale  in  the  Colchester  and  Macomb  quadrangles.  ..  100 

35.  Burning  tests  on  clays  and  shales  in  the   Colchester  and  Macomb  quad- 

rangles       102 

36.  Mechanical  analyses  of  clays  from  Warren  and  McDonough  counties....  103 

37.  Chemical  analyses  of  clays  from  Warren  and  McDonough  counties 104 

INTRODUCTION 
Location  and  Importance  of  the  Area 

The  Colchester  and  Macomb  quadrangles  lie  in  west-central  Illinois 
between  latitudes  90°  30'  W.  and  91°  W.  and  longitudes  40°  15'  N.  and 
40°  30'  N.,  an  area  of  approximately  455  square  miles.  In  this  territory 
are  included  nearly  all  southern  McDonough  County,  a  strip  5  miles  wide 
on  the  east  edge  of  Hancock  County,  and  a  strip  2  miles  wide  on  the  north 
edge  of  Schuyler  County.  This  region  was  surveyed  topographically  in 
1911  and  1912  and  geologically  in  1912  by  the  State  and  Federal  surveys 
acting  in  cooperation. 

The  two  quadrangles  embrace  a  large  acreage  of  very  fertile  farm  land 
and  to  this  factor  may  be  ascribed  by  far  the  greater  part  of  the  very  evident 
prosperity  of  the  inhabitants.  The  Chicago  and  Kansas  City  Branch  of 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy  Railroad  traverses  the  region  from 
northeast  to  southwest  and  the  St.  Louis  and  Rock  Island  Branch  of  the 
same  system  is  only  a  short  distance  east  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle.  The 
northwestern  corner  of  the  Colchester  quadrangle  and  the  southern  half 
of  the  Macomb  are  not  so  well  supplied  with  transportation  facilities  as  are 
most  parts  of  the  State,  but  the  resumption  of  operations  on  the  recently 
constructed  Macomb  and  Western  Illinois  Railroad  from  Macomb  through 
Industry  to  Littleton  will  remedy  this  condition  to  a  large  extent.  The  prin- 
cipal town  in  the  region  is  Macomb,  with  a  population  of  5,774  in   1910. 


COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES  11 

It  is  the  county  seat  of  McDonough  County  and  an  important  educational 
and  industrial  center.  Colchester  with  1,445  inhabitants,  Plymouth  with 
829  and  Industry  with  580  rank  next  in  importance.  Bardolph,  Tennessee, 
and  Fountain  Green  contain  between  150  and  400  people,  and  Colmar. 
Fandon,  Birmingham,  St.  Marys.  Pennington  Point,  and  Joetta  less  than 
150.  Augusta,  a  town  nearly  as  large  as  Colchester,  is  less  than  a  mile 
south  of  the  Colchester  quadrangle,  while  Adair  lies  just  beyond  the  eastern 
limit  and  Littleton  just  beyond  the  southern  limit  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle. 
Soon  after  the  completion  of  the  railroad  in  1855,  commercial  coal 
mining  was  actively  prosecuted  at  and  near  Colchester,  coal  being  shipped 
to  Quincy  and  other  points  in  western  Illinois.  Xot  long  after  the  close 
of  the  Civil  War  the  Colchester  output  reached  half  a  million  tons  or  more 
per  annum.  During  the  last  30  years  the  competition  of  fields  containing 
thicker  coal  beds  has  caused  the  production  to  decline  until  that  of  all 
McDonough  County  was  only  23,999  tons  in  the  year  ending  June  30,  1911. 
The  increase  in  clay  mining  and  the  manufacture  of  clay  products  at  Col- 
chester and  Macomb  has,  however,  compensated  the  decrease  in  coal  mining, 
so  that  today  the  region  is  best  known  as  one  of  the  principal  clay  centers 
of  the  State. 

ACKXOWLEDGMEXTS 

A  brief  description  of  the  geology  and  economic  resources  of  Han- 
cock County  was  published  by  A.  H.  Worthen  in  1866,  of  Schuyler  County 
in  1870,  and  of  McDonough  County  in  1873. x  A  general  report  on  the 
glacial  deposits  and  topographic  features  of  this  part  of  Illinois  was  made 
by  Leverett2.  Earlier  geologists  did  not  visit  all  parts  of  the  quadrangles, 
however,  and  no  detailed  work  with  adequate  maps  was  attempted.  The 
present  geologic  work  has  been  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  David 
White,  whose  paleobotanic  investigations,  briefly  summarized  in  the  year- 
books of  this  Survey,  have  made  possible  the  definite  correlation  of  the  coal 
and  clay  beds  mined  near  Colchester  with  contemporaneous  deposits  in 
other  parts  of  the  State  and  country.  G.  S.  Rogers  assisted  in  the  Macomb 
quadrangle  for  three  weeks.  Stuart  Weller  and  E.  W.  Shaw  visited  parts 
of  the  region  with  the  writer,  the  former  assisting  in  correlating  Mississip- 
pian  exposures  and  the  latter  in  Pleistocene  problems.  Farmers,  miners  and 
well  drillers  were  uniformly  courteous  and  freely  extended  all  the  informa- 
tion in  their  possession. 


'Illinois    Geol.    Survey,   vols.    1,   4,    and    5,   respectively. 

'Leverett,  Frank,    Illinois  glacial   lobe:   U.   S.   Geol.    Survey   Monograph   38,   1899. 


78  BIENNIAL  REPORT  EOR   1913  AND   1914 

SURFACE  RELIEF  AND  DRAINAGE 

The  lowest  point  in  the  region  is  where  Crooked  Creek  crosses  the 
south  line  of  the  Colchester  quadrangle  and  is  about  470  feet  above  sea 
level.  The  highest  point  is  on  the  prairie  5  miles  north  of  Colchester  and 
has  an  altitude  of  about  730  feet,  making  the  maximum  vertical  range  of 
surface  relief  260  feet. 

The  greater  part  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle  is  an  almost  flat  prairie 
having  an  average  altitude  of  660  to  680  feet,  although  there  are  a  few 
narrow  valleys  130  feet  or  less  in  depth.  Low  swells  or  ridges  that  would  be 
inconspicuous  in  a  less  level  region  rise  a  few  feet  above  the  700-foot 
contour.  The  northwest,  southwest,  and  southeast  corners  contain  a  net- 
work of  valleys  with  narrow  divides,  making  a  more  rugged  topography  than 
in  surrounding  regions.  Any  part  of  this  quadrangle  can  be  easily  reached 
by  spurs  from  railroads  already  constructed. 

The  Colchester  quadrangle  exhibits  a  greater  range  of  altitudes  than 
the  Macomb  and  is  broken  by  a  greater  number  of  valleys.  The  upland 
prairie  on  the  north  side  of  the  area  averages  nearly  700  feet  above  sea 
level,  that  near  Colchester  and  Tennessee  about  680  feet,  near  Fandon  660, 
and  near  Plymouth  640.  The  gently  rolling  country  west  of  St.  Marys 
has  an  altitude  of  less  than  625  feet  and,  in  general,  the  upland  prairies 
become  gradually  lower  as  they  near  Crooked  Creek.  All  of  the  main 
creeks  have  very  narrow  alluvial  flood  plains,  but  that  of  Crooked  Creek 
is  nearly  a  mile  wide.  Much  of  the  northern  part  of  the  quadrangle  is 
separated  from  the  railroad  by  the  deep,  narrow  valley  of  the  East  Fork 
of  Crooked  Creek,  and  could  not  be  easily  reached  by  short  spurs  of  existing 
railways. 

Most  of  the  region  is  well  drained,  though  tiling  is  necessary  on  many 
of  the  high  prairies,  especially  those  of  the  eastern  part  of  the  Macomb 
quadrangle.  Nearly  all  the  drainage  is  tributary  to  Crooked  Creek,  which 
traverses  the  Colchester  quadrangle  from  northwest  to  southeast  and  joins 
Illinois  River  below  Beardstown.  This  meandering  stream  falls  a  distance 
of  50  feet  within  the  limits  of  the  quadrangle.  The  gradient  of  the  flood 
plain  is  2.4  feet  per  mile,  but  the  actual  gradient  of  the  stream,  measured 
so  as  to  include  its  many  windings,  is  only  1.7  feet.  During  the  dry  summer 
season  the  water  flows  very  sluggishly  and  is  practically  stagnant  in  many 
places.  Its  principal  tributaries  from  the  east  are  East  Fork,  Troublesome 
Creek,  Camp  and  Grindstone  creeks,  and  Willow  Creek.  From  the  west 
it  receives  Brunces  and  Flower  creeks.  The  drainage  of  the  southeastern 
corner  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle  is  tributary  to  Sugar  Creek,  a  stream 
that  joins  the  Illinois  River  about  5  miles  above  Beardstown. 

The  altitude  of  all  points  on  the  surface  and  the  exact  location  of  all 
railroads,  public  roads,  and  houses  will  be  shown  on  the  topographic  maps 
of  the  two  quadrangles,  now  being  prepared  for  publication. 


COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES  79 

GENERAL  GEOLOGY 
Stratigraphy 

general  statement 
The  thick  cover  of  loose  surface  materials  conceals  in  many  parts  of 
the  region  the  regularly  bedded,  indurated  rocks  beneath  them.  Scattered 
outcrops  of  the  older  deposits  are  fairly  numerous,  however,  in  the  north- 
western, southwestern  and  south-central  districts  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle 
and  in  most  of  the  deeper  valleys  in  all  parts  of  the  Colchester  quadrangle 
except  near  Troublesome  and  Spring  creeks.  Exposures  are  particularly 
good  on  nearly  all  of  East  Fork  drainage,  on  Grindstone  Creek  below  In- 
dustry, on  Willow  Creek,  on  the  upper  parts  of  the  West  Branch  of  Sugar 
Creek,  and  near  Plymouth. 

SURFACE   DEPOSITS 

The  unconsolidated  surface  deposits  are  of  four  types:  (1)  glacial 
till  consisting  of  yellow  and  blue  clay  bearing  many  pebbles  and  small  bould- 
ers and  containing  pockets  of  sand,  (2)  loess,  a  fine-grained  yellow,  buff 
or  gray  deposit  of  sandy  clay  lying  as  a  mantle  on  the  valley  sides  and  cover- 
ing the  uplands  to  a  depth  of  5  to  20  feet,  (3)  orange  to  white  sand  lying 
at  or  near  the  base  of  the  till  and  100  feet  and  less  thick,  and  (4)  alluvial 
clays  that  have  accumulated  to  form  the  flood  plains  of  the  main  creeks. 

So  far  as  the  greater  part  of  the  economic  resources  are  concerned  the 
differentiation  of  these  types  is  of  less  significance  than  the  depth  to  which 
they  extend.  Before  the  advent  of  glacial  ice  caps  thousands  of  years  ago 
this  region  contained  divides  and  valleys  much  like  those  of  the  present  day, 
but  the  valleys  were  deeper,  the  divides  narrower,  and  there  were  few  level 
plains  like  the  present  prairies.  The  valleys  of  that  time,  however,  did  not 
correspond  in  position  with  those  of  today  and  in  many  cases  traversed 
areas  that  are  now  almost  unbroken  upland  prairies.  Most  of  these  valleys 
and  the  adjacent  areas  were  topographically  so  low  that  all  or  most  of  the 
coal  and  stoneware  clay  had  been  removed  by  erosion,  just  as  they  have 
been  washed  away  by  the  main  streams  now  existing.  When  the  ice  crept 
over  the  region  from  the  north,  it  brought  with  it  great  quantities  of  ground 
rock  flour,  pebbles  and  boulders.  When  the  ice  melted  and  withdrew,  it 
left  so  much  of  these  materials  that  they  completely  filled  and  obliterated  the 
old  valleys  and  spread  over  the  divides,  forming  a  new  surface  that  was 
nearly  level  and  on  which  new  drainage  lines  were  gradually  developed. 

In  the  districts  where  coal  No.  2  (Murphysboro  coal)  still  remains  the 
thickness  of  the  surface  deposits  averages  only  about  40  feet.  Where  there 
were  pre-glacial  channels,  however,  it  is  much  greater.  Thus  Spring  Creek 
has  failed  to  cut  through  to  the  consolidated  strata  except  near  its  mouth, 
and  Troublesome  Creek,  even  where  it  lies  more  than  100  feet  below  neigh- 


80  BIENNIAL  RErORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 

boring  divides,  has  exposures  of  older  rocks  only  at  a  few  points  about  3 
miles  above  its  mouth.  Near  Fandon  it  is  70  to  150  feet  to  the  solid  rock, 
west  of  St.  Marys  40  to  95  feet,  near  Fountain  Green  150  feet  and  less, 
southeast  and  northeast  of  Industry  40  to  170  feet  and  southwest  of  Macomb 
about  100  feet.  In  the  northeastern  quarter  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle 
few  wells  reach  the  consolidated  strata,  though  a  number  are  more  than  100 
feet  deep. 

HARD   ROCKS 

Below  the  unconsolidated  surface  deposits  there  are  older,  regularly 
stratified  strata  exposed  in  many  of  the  valleys  which  are  reached  by  the 
deep  wells  at  Macomb  and  near  Birmingham.  These  deep  drillings  confirm 
the  well-established  geological  principle  that  there  are  no  commercial  coal 
beds  in  strata  lying  below  the  Pennsylvanian  series.  In  this  discussion  only 
beds  outcropping  at  the  surface  will  be  mentioned,  the  oldest  and  lowest 
being  taken  up  first.  All  these  strata  are  included  in  two  major  divisions, 
the  Mississippian  series  at  the  base  and  the  Pennsylvanian  at  the  top. 

MISSISSIPPIAN    SERIES 

Mississippian  rocks  outcrop  in  all  the  valleys  of  the  Colchester  quad- 
rangle in  which  the  hard  or  indurated  rocks  are  exposed  and  along  Camp 
and  Grindstone  creeks  near  the  western  boundary  of  the  Macomb  quad- 
rangle. In  much  of  the  region,  however,  they  are  not  the  first  indurated 
rocks  encountered  in  sinking  wells  on  the  upland,  for  the  basal  Pennsylvanian 
beds  overlie  them  in  the  greater  part  of  the  region. 

The  oldest  Mississippian  rocks  exposed  belong  to  the  Keokuk  lime- 
stone and  consist  chiefly  of  light  to  bluish-gray  crystalline  limestone  in  thin 
regularly  stratified  beds.  This  limestone  contains  great  numbers  of  fossil 
shells  and  irregularly  distributed  seams  and  lenses  of  chert  or  flint.  There 
is  100  feet  of  this  limestone  exposed  two  or  three  miles  northeast  of  Ply- 
mouth, though  only  the  upper  part  can  be  seen  along  Brunce's  Creek  and 
at  intervals  along  Crooked  Creek  and  the  lower  parts  of  many  tributaries 
as  far  south  as  Birmingham. 

Above  this  crystalline  limestone  is  about  50  feet  of  blue  to  drab  shales 
intercalated  with  thin  beds  of  impure  limestone.  The  lower  third  consists 
of  blue  shale,  in  places  so  calcareous  as  to  be  a  homogeneous  earthy  lime- 
stone, containing  many  geodes  from  the  size  of  a  marble  to  that  of  a  foot- 
ball. Many  of  the  geodes  are  hollow,  and  the  interior  is  lined  with  beautiful 
crystals  of  quartz,  calcite,  and  other  minerals.  Since  geodes  do  not  occur 
in  the  Pennsylvanian,  they  serve  to  differentiate  the  shales  in  which  they 
lie  from  very  similar  beds  in  the  higher  series.  These  abundantly  geodi- 
ferous  beds  compose  the  upper  member  of  the  Keokuk  limestone.  Above 
the  Keokuk  limestone  are  shales,  two  or  three  thin,  brownish  drab,  impure 
limestones,  and  in  places,  one  bed  of  more  crystalline  limestone  containing 


COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES 


SI 


many  lace-like  bryozoans  and  other  fossils.  At  the  top  of  the  50-foot 
interval  mentioned  there  is  a  persistent  bed  of  limestone,  1  to  25  feet  thick, 
that  is  so  sandy  in  places  as  to  resemble  strongly  a  sandstone  near  the  base 
of  the  Pennsylvanian. 

The  uppermost  formation  of  the  Mississippian  is  the  St.  Louis  lime- 
stone, a  stratum  that  has  certain  peculiarities  by  which  it  may  be  easily 
identified.  As  it  marks,  where  present,  the  lower  limit  of  coal  and  stone- 
ware clay,  its  detection  by  the  driller  and  prospector  is  of  considerable 
economic  importance.  The  St.  Louis  is  light  blue  to  brown,  dense,  very 
fine  grained  and  possesses  a  more  or  less  conchoidal  fracture.  In  this 
region  it  is  25  feet  or  less  thick  and,  except  for  a  layer  one  or  two  feet 
thick  at  the  base,  is  brecciated  throughout.  This  brecciation  is  a  striking 
characteristic,    giving    to    the    formation    the    appearance    of    having    been 


Fig.  6. — Brecciated  St.  Louis  limestone. 


broken  into  angular  and  subangular  blocks  and  afterward  very  firmly 
cemented.  The  St.  Louis  may  be  seen  beneath  the  clays  mined  at  Colchester 
and  at  many  other  places  in  the  Colchester  quadrangle. 

PENNSYLVANIAN    SERIES 

Pottsville  formation. — The  strata  from  the  base  of  coal  No.  2,  mined 
at  Colchester  and  elsewhere,  to  the  top  of  the  Mississippian  are  included  in 
the  Pottsville  formation.  The  first  and  lowest  deposit  laid  down  was  a 
coarse-grained  sandstone  composed  of  almost  pure  translucent  quartz 
grains  in  a  slightly  ferruginous  cement  and  known  locally  as  a  "glass  sand". 
Since  the  bed  occupies  the  depressions  in  the  old  Mississippian  land  surface, 
its  thickness  is  variable.  It  is  the  only  Pennsylvanian  bed  exposed  in  most 
of  the  west  half  and  southeast  quarter  of  the  Colchester  quadrangle.  Potts- 
ville strata  are  somewhat  variable  in  character,  though  sufficiently  persistent 


82  BIENNIAL   REPORT   FOR   1913   AND   1914 

to  be  recognized  and  differentiated  by  careful  study  in  any  part  of  the  field. 
The  following  section  measured  near  Colchester  is  typical. 

Typical  section  of  the  Pottsville  formation 

Distance  below 
Murphysboro 
Thickness  coal 

Feet  Feet 

Pottsville  formation — 

Clay,  drab  to  white 4  4 

Shale,  including  layers  of  red  sandstone  in  places 8  12 

Limestone,  dark  blue  to  bluish  gray,  nodular,  weathers  to  a 
knobby  surface,  in  some  places  a  ledge,  but  in   others 

only  scattered  boulders 2  14 

Clay  and  shale 6  20 

Sandstone,  yellow,  thicker  in  places 2  22 

Shale,  variegated   7  29 

Clay,  variegated,  very   sandy  in  part,  carbonaceous   streaks 

near  bottom,  horizon  of  stoneware  clay 8  37 

Sandstone,    weathers    buff    or    with    black    coatings,    thin 

bedded  to  massive,  quartzose,  thickness  variable 7  44 

Shale,    bluish    black,    with    small    lenses    of    clay    ironstone, 

absent  in  places 4  48 

St.  Louis  limestone,  brecciated    (top  of  Mississippian) 

The  Pottsville  is  slightly  less  than  its  average  thickness  in  the  above  sec- 
tion. Although  no  coal  is  shown  here,  the  formation  contains  one  or  more 
thin  coal  beds  in  most  parts  of  the  quadrangles.  All  Pottsville  coal  beds 
are  usually  termed  "coal  No.  1",  although  they  do  not  commonly  occupy 
exactly  the  same  stratigraphic  horizon  in  all  parts  of  the  region.  Most 
commonly  "No.  1"  lies  either  just  above  or  just  below  the  stoneware-clay 
horizon. 

Carbondale  format  ion. — The  Carbondale  formation  includes  the  strata 
from  the  highest  indurated  rocks  of  the  region  to  the  base  of  coal  No.  2 
(Murphysboro  coal).  At  Colchester  there  is  a  maximum  of  about  45  feet 
of  this  formation,  the  lower  part  being  a  blue  to  drab  shale  that  is  argil- 
laceous at  the  base  and  more  sandy  at  the  top,  and  the  upper  part  being  a 
thin-bedded  to  massive  brownish  sandstone  with  -  hale  partings.  The  dis- 
tance from  the  coal  to  the  sandstone  varies  from  40  feet  in  a  few  places 
near  Colchester  to  one  foot  or  less  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Macomb  quad- 
rangle. In  the  south-central  part  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle  the  maximum 
thickness  of  the  Carbondale  for  this  region  is  exposed.  There  are  here  as 
much  as  90  feet  of  sandy  and  argillaceous  shale  and  sandstone.  In  many 
places  there  'is  massive  sandstone  on  or  near  the  Murphysboro  coal,  with 
alternating  shale  and  sandstone  beds  above  it.  No  trace  was  found  of  coal 
"No.  3",  reported  by  Worthen  to  lie  30  to  50  feet  above  coal  No.  2  in 
Schuyler  and  Fulton  counties,  and  the  only  representatives  of  its  limestone 
cap  rock  are  small,  thin,  calcareous  lenses  in  only  three  outcrops. 


tONOMIC  GEOLOGY 


OF 


?  3nd  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES 

BY    HENRY    HINDS 

GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

IN    COOPERATION    WITH 

E  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


/'oTTTi 


"PV^     Tivr      iAro\ 


colchester  and  macomb  quadrangles  83 

Structure 

On  the  accompanying  map  (PL  II)  the  elevation  of  the  coal  No.  2 
(Murphysboro  coal)  above  sea  level  is  shown  by  means  of  structure  con- 
tours. Along  any  given  contour  the  coal  is  20  feet  higher  or  lower,  as  the 
case  may  be,  than  along  the  next  contour,  rising  more  or  less  uniformly 
from  one  to  the  other.  These  contours  are  based  upon  hundreds  of  outcrop 
observations  and  on  shafts  and  well  records.  In  much  of  the  region  the 
coal  was  eroded  away  either  before  or  after  the  glacial  drift  was  deposited, 
a  fact  that  is  indicated  by  an  appropriate  contour  symbol.  In  these  areas 
the  former  altitude  of  the  coal  is  calculated  on  the  assumption  that  the 
vertical  distance  from  the  base  of  the  St.  Louis  limestone  to  the  Murphys- 
boro coal  bed  is  75  feet  and  from  the  top  of  the  crystalline  limestone  beds 
of  the  Keokuk  to  the  coal  is  125  feet.  In  the  northeastern  quarter  of  the 
Macomb  quadrangle,  in  the  territory  between  East  Fork  and  Camp  Creek 
drainages  on  the  same  map,  and  on  the  prairies  near  Fandon,  Colmar,  St. 
Marys,  Fountain  Green  and  northeast  of  Industry  there  are  no  outcrops  or 
well  records  that  reveal  the  exact  position  of  the  coal,  but  it  is  not  believed 
that  the  altitudes  indicated  are  more  than  20  or  30  feet  in  error.  These 
doubtful  areas  are  also  indicated  by  an  appropriate  symbol. 

On  the  final  maps  the  structure  contours  will  be  accompanied  by  sur- 
face contours,  so  that  the  depth  to  the  coal  horizon  may  be  readily  calculated 
for  any  tract  of  land.  To  facilitate  the  practical  use  of  the  maps  accom- 
panying this  report,  surface  altitudes  are  shown  at  cross  roads  and  other 
places.  The  horizon  of  the  stoneware  clay  lies  30  to  40  feet  below  that  of 
the  Murphysboro  coal,  so  that  its  depth  may  also  be  determined  from  the 
structure  maps. 

The  structure  of  the  region  is  simple.  There  is  a  general  easterly  dip 
of  a  few  feet  per  mile,  but  this  is  much  modified  in  two  anticlinal  areas 
where  the  strata  have  been  arched  or  bowed  up  to  relatively  high  levels. 
On  one  of  these,  northeast  of  Plymouth,  the  horizon  of  the  coal  is  720  feet 
above  sea  level ;  in  the  other,  at  Macomb,  it  is  670  feet.  In  the  central  part 
of  the  Colchester  quadrangle  the  altitude  of  the  coal  varies  little  from  660 
feet,  and  in  the  southern  half  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle  it  is  570  to  600 
feet.  The  level  of  the  coal  varies  10  or  15  feet  within  short  distances  in 
certain  mines,  but  rarely  dips  regularly  in  a  definite  direction.  There  is 
some  rather  exceptional  structure  near  Industry,  where  the  coal  in  old 
workings  close  to  the  Ellis  shaft  (  SW.  %  NE.  M  sec.  16,  T.  4  N.,  R.  2  W.) 
dips  17  feet  to  the  north  or  northwest  in  a  distance  of  only  100  yards. 
Faults  are  rare,  and  none  of  more  than  2  feet  vertical  displacement  was 
seen  or  reported. 


84  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 

ECONOMIC  GEOLOGY 

Coal 

minor  coals 

The  only  coal  bed  of  known  economic  importance  is  coal  No.  2 
(Colchester  coal)  at  the  base  of  the  Carbondale  formation.  There  are 
two  or  more  thin  coal  beds  ("coal  No.  1")  in  the  Pottsville  formation, 
but  these  have  in  general  proved  too  thin  or  too  impure  to  be  mined  at  a 
profit.  A  little  coal  has  been  taken  from  these  Pottsville  beds  a  short  dis- 
tance southwest  of  Colchester,  where  they  vary  irregularly  from  mere 
streaks  to  a  maximum  of  3  feet  in  thickness,  and  from  northwest  of  Macomb 
(NW.  yi  sec.  25),  where  the  thickness  is  reported  as  locally  2  feet.  Short 
drifts  have  been  driven  in  "No.  1"  in  the  southeastern  corner  of  the  Macomb 
quadrangle  (SE.  %.  sec.  4,  T.  3  N.,  R.  1  W.),  where  the  coal  was  reported 
30  inches  thick,  but  on  the  outcrop  shows  less  than  one  foot  of  coal  inter- 
bedded  with  carbonaceous  shale.  "No.  1"  is  reported  16  to  18  inches  thick 
on  East  Fork  west  of  Bardolph  (NW.  %  NW.  YA  sec.  22,  T.  6  N.,  R.  2 
W.).  A  coal  lying  37  feet  below  coal  No.  2  is  said  to  be  4  feet  thick  in  a 
well  \y2  miles  southeast  of  Industry  (NE.  yA  NE.  yA  sec.  23,  T.  4  N., 
R.  2  W.),  but  thick  sandstone  immediately  above  and  below  it  indicates  that 
it  may  be  only  a  small  basin.  While  there  are  undoubtedly  a  few  restricted 
areas  in  which  "No.  1"  is  workable,  Pottsville  coals  can  not  be  considered 
an  important  resource. 

No  trace  of  coal  beds  higher  than  coal  No.  2  was  found  in  outcrops, 
and  it  is  evident  that  the  bed  termed  "No.  3"  by  Worthen  and  considered 
by  him  to  lie  about  30  to  60  feet  above  No.  2  in  Schuyler  and  Fulton  counties 
is  not  present  in  by  far  the  greater  part  of  this  region.  It  is  possible  that 
a  2-foot  bed  reported  30  feet  below  the  surface  in  a  well  one  mile  southwest 
of  Adair  is  "No.  3"  and  that  this  bed  underlies  very  small  areas  along  the 
eastern  edge  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle. 

COAL    NO.    2 

Coal  No.  2  (Murphysboro  coal)  underlies  two  main  areas  and  several 
smaller  ones.  The  best  known  area  surrounds  Colchester,  the  coal  under- 
lying the  town  and  being  cut  off  within  about  one  mile  east,  south,  and  west 
by  glacial  drift.  The  coal  has  been  removed  from  the  valley  of  the  East 
Fork  of  Crooked  Creek  but  outcrops  on  the  north  side  of  the  stream.  As 
well  as  can  be  judged  from  the  few  wells  that  are  sufficiently  deep  to  reach 
the  horizon  of  coal  No.  2,  the  coal  area  stretches  northwest  and  north  to 
the  boundaries  of  the  quadrangle.  In  the  area  mapped  as  coal  land  are 
doubtless  some  tracts  from  which  the  coal  has  been  removed  by  pre-glacial 
erosion,  but  outside  the  area  there  may  be  small  patches  of  coal  isolated 
and  surrounded  by  deep  deposits  of  glacial  drift.     Numerous  wells  on  the 


COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES  85 

prairies  and  cuts  made  by  streams  have  shown,  however,  that  there  can 
be  very  little  additional  coal  land  in  the  Colchester  quadrangle. 

The  second  main  coal  area  includes  the  southwestern  and  south- 
central  parts  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle,  the  coal  being  exposed  along 
Grindstone  and  Willow  creeks,  Horney  Branch,  and  the  upper  part  of  the 
West  Branch  of  Sugar  Creek.  This  constitutes  an  important  coal  reserve 
that  has  scarcely  been  touched.  In  the  part  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle 
lying  north  of  this  area  only  small  patches  of  coal  have  been  found.  One 
of  these  lies  one  mile  northwest  of  Industry,  where  there  are  small  mines. 
There  are  also  several  patches  along  Camp  Creek  drainage,  although  the 
cover  of  indurated  rock  above  the  coal  is  very  thin  at  all  of  the  outcrops 
and  the  coal  is,  consequently,  of  doubtful  value.  These  outcrops  were  found 
in  the  SW.  yA  SW.  y  sec/ 10,  N.  y2  SE.  y  sec.  11,  N.  y2  SE.  y  and  NW. 
corner  sec.  15,  T.  4  N.,  R.  3  W.  Coal  that  extends  some  distance  beyond 
the  limits  of  the  quadrangle  outcrops  in  its  extreme  southeastern  corner. 
In  the  SE.  %  sec.  4  and  E.  y2  sec.  7,  T.  3  N.,  R.  1  W.,  west  line  NW.  yA 
sec.  34,  T.  4  N.,  R.  1  W.,  SW.  yA  and  NE.  %  sec.  6,  T.  4  N.,  R.  2  W.,  and 
the  NW.  M  SW.  %  and  NW.  %  NE.  yA  sec.  1,  NE.  yA  sec.  14,  and  S.  y2 
SE.  %  and  E.  y  NE.  y  sec.  15,  T.  4  N.,  R.  3  W.,  the  beds  only  a  few  feet 
below  the  coal  horizon  outcrop,  but  no  coal  was  seen.  There  still  remains 
some  coal,  but  with  little  or  no  solid  cover,  in  the  SW.  yA  NE.  yA  sec.  8, 
T.  3  N.,  R.  1  W.,  and  the  S.  y>  sec.  23  and  N.  y>  sec.  26,  T.  6  N.,  R.  3  W. 
The  old  Eddington  shaft  mine  in  the  SW.  y  SW.  y  sec.  32,  T.  5  N., 
R.  2  W.  probably  worked  a  small  area  of  coal  No.  2,  though  it  may  be  a 
bed  20  feet  lower. 

Although  it  is  possible  to  ascertain  definitely  whether  or  not  the  coal 
is  present  near  the  streams  that  have  cut  below  the  level  of  its  horizon,  it 
is  more  difficult  to  determine  the  conditions  beneath  the  prairies  and  near 
the  shallower  valleys  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle.  The  evidence  derived 
from  the  records  of  several  hundred  farm  wells  in  this  area  shows  that 
there  is  no  coal  in  at  least  the  greater  part  of  it.  Three  wells  reported 
coal:  (1)  24  inches  at  90  feet  in  the  NE.  y  NW.  y  sec.  21,  T.  4  N., 
R.  1  W.,  (2)  21  inches  at  40  feet  in  the  NE.  y  NE.  y  sec.  23,  T.  4  N., 
R.  2  W.,  (3)  24  inches  at  30  feet  in  the  NE.  y  SE.  y  sec.  21,  T.  5  N., 
R.  1  W.  Many  wells  are  too  shallow  to  have  reached  the  horizon  of  coal 
Xo.  2.  Those  in  which  glacial  drift  extends  below  the  estimated  altitude 
of  the  coal,  showing  that  the  latter  has  probably  been  removed  by  pre- 
glacial  erosion,  are  shown  in  the  accompanying  table. 


86 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Table  30. — Drill  holes  in  which  coal  No.  2  is  absent  because  of  erosion  before  the 

glacial   drift  was  deposited 


Location 


T.   3   N.,   R.  2  W.— 

NE.  y4  NE.  54  sec.  3.., 
T.  4  N.,  R.  1  W.— 

SE.  14  SE.  54  sec.  16... 

NW.  54  NE.  54  sec.  17.. 

NE.  y4  SE.  34  sec.  18... 

SE.  %  NW.  54  sec.  21... 

SE.  y4  NE.  54  sec.  21... 

SE.  y4  SE.  54  sec.  21... 

SW.  i/i  NE.  y4  sec.  32.. 
T.  4  N.,  R.  2  W.— 

SW.  y4  SW.  54  sec.  2... 

NW.  y4  SW.  ^4  sec.  4.. 

SW.  54  NW.  54  sec.  5., 

SE.  y4  SE.  y4  sec.  10... 

NW.  54  NW.  y4  sec.  11. 

SW.  y4  SW.  ^  sec.  12.. 

SW.  54  SE.  54  sec.  13  . . 
T.  5  N,  R.  1  W.— 

SE.  54  NW.  54  sec.  4... 

NE.  54  SE.  54  sec.  6.... 

SE.  54  SE.  54  sec.  6 

SW.  54  NE.  y4  sec.  9... 

NW.  54  SW.  54   sec.  16. 

SW.  54  NE.  54  sec.  19.. 

SE.  54  NE.  54  sec.  20... 

NW.  54  SW.  54  sec.  21. 

SW.  54  NE.  54  sec.  21.. 

NE.  54  NE.  54  sec.  28.. 

SE.  54  NE.  54  sec.  28... 

SW.  54  NW.  54  sec.  32. 

NE.  54  NW.  54  sec.  33.. 

NW.  54  NE.  54  sec.  33. 
T.  5  N.,  R.  2  W.— 

NW.  54  NW.  54  sec.  7 .. 

NE.  54  SE.  54  sec.  1 .... 

NW.  54  NW.  54  sec.  8.. 

NW.  54  SW.  54  sec.  8.. 

SW.  54  NE.  54  sec.  9... 

NW.  54  SW.  y4  sec.  10. 

SW.  54  NW.  54  sec.  19. 

NW.  54  SE.  y4  sec.  19.. 

SW.  54  SW.  54  sec.  23.. 

SE.  54  SW.  54  sec.  23.. 

SW.  54  NE.  54  sec.  26.. 

SW.  y4  SW.  54  sec.  27.. 


Depth  in 
drift 

Feet 
90 

96 
102 

76 
100 
182 
172 

74 

65 

90 

70 
100 

50 
137 

96 

60 

58 
185 

42 

65 

65 
100 

90 
105 
100 

75 

80 

80 
130 

85 
140 
176 

65 

35 

55 
123 
175 
150 

60 

40 
110 


Altitude 
Total  depth    at  bottom 
of  well 


Feet 
156 

96 
102 

76 
101 
182 
172 

74 

65 
90 
77 

117 
50 

137 
96 

60 
58 

185 
42 
65 
65 

100 
90 

105 

100 
75 
80 
80 

230 

85 

140 

177 

65 

35 

55 

123 

175 

150 

60 

40 

110 


Feet 
502 

573 
568 
590 
565 
484 
480 
576 

565 
550 
556 
503 
575 
510 
570 

595 
600 
471 
590 
360 
575 
530 
550 
530 
540 
570 
580 
560 
420 

610 
555 
530 
625 
610 
573 
542 
495 
500 
585 
595 
520 


COLCHESTER  AND   MACOMB  QUADRANGLES 


87 


Location 


Depth  in 
drift 


Total  depth 


Altitude 

at  bottom 

of  well 


NE.  YA  NE.  %  sec.  28. 

SE.  YA  NE.  yA  sec.  34.., 

NW.  VA  SW.  y  sec.  35 
T.  5  N.,  R.  3  W.— 

SE.  y  SE.  J4  sec.  10.., 

NE.  J4  SE.  i/4  sec.  14.. 

NE.  J4  NE.  yA  sec.  15.. 

NE.  14  NE.  y  sec.  23.. 

SW.  y  NE.  y  sec.  33., 

SW.  >4  SE.  y  sec.  36., 
T.  6  N.,  R.  1  W.— 

SE.  y  SW.  J4  sec.  19.. 

SE.  y  NE.  54  sec.  21 . . , 

SE.  y  SW.  y  sec.  28.. 

NE.  #  SE.  y  sec.  29.. 

NE.  y  SW.  K  sec.  29., 

NE.  y  NE.  54  sec.  29., 

SW.  y  SE.  34  sec.  30... 

NE.  y  NE.  y  sec.  31.. 

NW.  ^  NE.  ^  sec.  33.. 
T.  6  N.,  R.  2  W.— 

NE.  y  NE.  54  sec.  34... 

SE.  y  SE.  54  sec.  34... 


Feet 
550 
528 
562 

594 
560 
570 

575 
488 
584 

572 
550 
549 
575 
565 
542 
587 
552 
560 

597 
602' 


Coal  Xo.  2  contains  no  persistent  partings  of  incombustible  matter, 
but  bears  locally  a  few  short  lenses  and  small  nodules  of  iron  pyrites 
("sulphur"),  films  of  mother  coal,  calcite  and  gypsum,  and  streaks  of  bone 
one  inch  and  less  thick.  The  coal  is  jet  black  with  a  few  alternating  bands 
of  duller  luster.  The  fracture  is  hackley,  and  no  well-developed  vertical  or 
horizontal  cleavages  are  noticeable.  As  only  a  comparatively  small  num- 
ber of  horsebacks,  clay  slips,  and  rolls  and  potholes  in  the  roof  are  present, 
the  bed  presents  quite  uniform  mining  conditions. 

Near  Colchester  coal  No.  2  varies  only  a  few  inches  from  an  average 
thickness  of  28  inches.  North  of  East  Fork  and  near  Tennessee  it  is 
somewhat  thinner  in  places.  The  roof  is  a  fairly  strong,  light-drab  clay 
shale  (  ^soapstone").  The  underclay  is  soft  and  3  to  4  feet  thick,  but  a 
firmer  sandy  clay  lies  about  18  inches  below  the  coal  on  the  north  side  of 
the  fork.  West  of  Colchester  a  thin  layer  of  "slate,"  a  black  carbonaceous 
clay  with  coal  streaks,  appears  at  the  base  of  the  coal  and  thickens  to  10 
inches  northeast  of  Tennessee. 

In  the  coal  area  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle,  includ- 
ing the  Gin  Ridge  district  on  the  west  and  the  Littleton  district  farther  east, 
the  coal  also  averages  about  28  inches  thick.     In  many  places  a  massively 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND   1914 


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COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES 


80 


bedded  sandstone  rests  directly  on  the  coal,  in  others  a  few  inches  to  15 
feet  or  more  of  clayey  or  sandy  shale  intervenes.  In  the  mines  near  Industry 
the  roof  is  either  shale  or  sandstone  and  the  coal  27  to  32  inches  thick, 
though  where  it  is  thickest  the  lower  2  or  3  inches  are  likely  to  be  dirty. 

CHEMICAL    CHARACTERISTICS 

The  following  analyses  show  that  the  coal  mined  in  this  region  compares 
very  favorably  with  that  from  other  fields  in  Illinois  and  neighboring  states. 
Samples  for  analysis  were  obtained  according  to  the  standard  regulations 
adopted  by  this  and  other  surveys  and  by  the  Bureau  of  Mines.  A  freshly 
mined  face  of  coal  was  carefully  cleaned  and  a  channel  of  uniform  width 
and  depth  cut  from  top  to  bottom  so  as  to  obtain  equal  proportions  of  coal 
from  all  parts  of  the  bed.  Pyrite  lenses  more  than  one-half  inch  thick 
were  excluded,  since  they  are  usually  discarded  by  the  miners.  The  coal 
fragments  were  caught  on  a  waterproof  blanket  and  crushed  until  all  would 
pass  through  a  sieve  of  ^2 -inch  mesh.  The  sample  was  then  thoroughly 
mixed  and  quartered  several  times,  alternate  quarters  being  thrown  away, 
until  only  sufficient  coal  to  fill  an  air-tight  can  was  left.  The  can  was 
hermetically  sealed  in  the  mine.  The  Colchester  mines  were  sampled  by 
F.  H.  Kay,  the  others  by  the  writer. 

Table  32. — Ultimate  analysis  of  coal  No.  2  (Murphysboro  coal)  from  south  half  of 
Macomb  quadrangle  (composite  of  2  samples) 


As  received 

Air  dry 

Moisture               Moisture  and 
free                        ash  free 

Hydrogen    

Carbon    

Nitrogen   

Oxygen    

Sulphur     

5.97 
63.07 

1.17 
20.87 

3.16 

5.76 

6,325 

11,385 

5.35 
70.71 

1.31 
12.63 

3.54 

6.46 

5.10 
73.77 
1.37 
9.32 
3.70 
6.74 

5.47 
79.10 
1.47 
9.99 
3.97 

Ash     

Calories  (calc'd.)    

B.  t.  u.   (calc'd.)    

PRODUCTION,    MINES,    AND    MINING    METHODS 

The  former  comparatively  large  production  from  Colchester  and  the 
present  stagnation  of  the  industry  have  already  been  sketched.  Worthen 
states  that  the  shipments  from  Colchester  alone  for  the  years  1866  and  1867 
were  about  500,000  tons  per  annum.  The  Federal  Census  for  1880  gives 
the  production  of  McDonough  County,  by  far  the  greater  part  of  which  then, 
as  now,  came  from  Colchester  and  the  district  south  of  Macomb,  as  82,304 
tons.  The  largest  recorded  output  since  that  time  was  189,350  tons  in  1883. 
According  to  the  Illinois  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  the  production  for  Mc- 
Donough County  was  109,723  tons  in  the  fiscal  year  1885,  83,401  tons  in 


90 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


1890,  49,709  tons  in  1895,  64,822  tons  in  1900,  43,944  tons  in  1905,  and 
23,999  tons  in  1911.  Almost  as  much  coal  is  mined  within  the  limits  of  the 
quadrangles  in  the  northern  part  of  Schuyler  County  as  is  mined  outside 
them  in  McDonough  County.  Most  of  the  best  coal  near  Colchester  has 
been  mined  out,  and  the  prairie  near  the  town  is  dotted  with  many  dump 
heaps  from  old  mines,  each  of  which  worked  out  about  20  acres.  The 
aggregate  value  of  the  product  in  1911  was  $44,647,  or  an  average  of  $1.86 
per  ton  for  all  grades. 

All  the  mines  now  in  operation  are  local  affairs  in  the  Murphy sboro 
bed  and  supply  neighboring  towns  and  farming  country.  The  Colchester 
Coal  Co.  has  the  only  mine  provided  with  railroad  facilities  and  ships  one 
or  two  cars  a  week  to  Macomb.  Most  of  the  mines  reach  the  coal  by  drift- 
ing in  from  its  outcrop.  The  Colchester  Coal  Co.,  Chas.  Atkinson,  and 
Wm.  Robinson  hoist  by  steam  power,  but  at  the  other  shaft  mines  the  product 
is  hoisted  by  horse  whims.  Underground  haulage  is  by  hand  or,  in  a  few 
places,  by  powerful  dogs,  as  it  is  not  practicable  to  make  the  roadways  of 
sufficient  height  to  permit  the  entrance  of  mules.  The  room-and-pillar 
plan  of  mining  is  followed  exclusively.  It  is  claimed  that  the  longwall  plan 
is  not  satisfactory  because  of  the  heaving  of  the  underclay,  the  breaking 
through  of  the  roof  where  the  drift  lies  near  the  coal,  and  the  brittleness  of 
the  roof  in  a  few  localities.  It  is  probable,  however,  that  longwall  could 
be  made  profitable  if  the  working  faces  were  advanced  rapidly.  Compara- 
tively few  timbers  are  used.  The  general  practise  is  to  undercut  the  coal 
a  short  distance  and  then  wedge  it  down.  Very  little  powder  is  used,  as 
it  shatters  the  coal  and  roof  too  badly. 

Following  is  the  list  of  the  mines  that  were  being  worked  or  were  in 
condition  to  be  worked  during  the  autumn  of  1912.  Many  new  mines  are 
started  each  winter  and  old  ones  abandoned,  as  it  is  easier  to  make  a  fresh 
opening  than  to  clean  out  workings  that  have  lain  idle  during  the  spring 
and  summer. 


Table  33. — List  of  working  or  workable  coal  mines  in  1912 


Mine 


Uriah    Sloan 

D.    H.    Payne 

Edward    Morell— . 

Charles    Yapp 

W.    F.    Bly 

I.   M.   Felhammar.. 

A.   C.   Redding 

W.    H.    Hendricks. 

Pruett     estate 

Hugh    Swearingen.. 


Location 


Kind  of 
opening 


Fraction 

of  section 


drift 
drift 
drift 
drift 
drift 
drift 
drift 
drift 
drift 
drift 


NW.  SW. 
SE.  SW. 
NW.  SW. 
NE.  NW. 
NW.  NE. 
SW.  NE. 
SE.  NE. 
NW.  NW. 
NE.  NW. 
NE.    NE. 


CB    O 

2* 


Coal 

(No.  2) 

Alt.  top 
of  coal 

J*   en 

beet 

1 

590 

2 

563 

3 

587 

4 

580 

5 

581 

6 

590 

7 

590 

8 

607  ! 

9 

600 

10 

575 

In. 
33 

29 

30 

28 
28 


COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES 


91 


Table  33. — List  of  working  or  workable  coal  mines  in  1912 — Concluded 

Location 


Fraction 
(No.   2) 


Mine 


Kind   of 
opening 


F 

-action 

fc 

* 

-  6 

of 

section 

. 

rt^ 

<S} 

H 

X 

r< 

Thomas    Lantz. 
Wm.    Baxter-- 

D.     Runkle 

John    Legg- 


drift 
drift 
drift 
drift 


Frank     Burdick shaft,    37    ft. 

Amos     Ellis '    shaft,    58    ft. 

Joseph     Macintosh shaft,    17    ft. 

George     Curtis 1  drift 

P.    M.  Jennings shaft,    40    ft. 

Edward    Zinn |    shaft,    32    ft. 

W.   V.  Thompson 

Alex    Norse 

Joseph    McXany 

L.    Willey 

Henry     Finch 

Hiram    Stoneking 

Willis     Stoneking 

I.  A.  Botts 


drift 
drift 
slope 
drift 
drift 
drift 
drift 
drift 


John    Wilson shaft, 

R.    E.    Pearson 

James    Whallen 

H.     Bunt 

Wilson 

Eli    Hilliard 

Wm.     Jones 

Harpe    and    Fentens 

Lee    McClure 

Marion     McClure 

Fox   Bros 

D.    Perry 

George    Polonis 

Wayland    Bros 

John     Zimmerman 

Mourning  and  Davison. 

Ralph     Burney 

Colchester    Coal    Co 

Farrenkoff     Bros 

F.    W.    Whalin 

Wm.     Robinson 

Chas.    Atkinson 

Wm.     Marten 


ft. 


drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 

drift 
shaft,   60   ft. 

drift 

drift 
shaft,    58    ft. 
shaft,    96    ft. 

drift 


SW.    SE. 
SE.     SE. 
NE.    SE. 
NE.    SE. 
SE.     NE. 
SW.   NE. 
SW.    NW. 
SW.    SE. 
SW.   SE. 
NW.  SE. 
NW.  SW. 
SW.  NE. 
NE.    NE. 
NE.    NW. 
SE.     NW. 
SE.     SE. 
NE.    SE. 
NE.    SE. 
SW.    SW. 
NW.  SW. 
SW.    NE. 
SW.   SE. 
NW.  SW. 
NE.    SW. 
NE.    NW. 
NE.    NW. 
NE.    SE. 
SE.     SE. 
SE.     SE. 
SE.     SE. 
SE.     SE. 
SW.   SW. 
NE.    SE. 
NE.    NW. 
NE.    NW. 
NW.  SE. 
NW.  NW. 
NE.    NE. 
SW.    SE. 
NE.    SW. 
NW.  SE. 


Clay  and  Shale 


IMPORTANCE 


As  the  production  of  coal  declined  in  this  region,  that  of  clay  products 
increased,  until  today  the  annual  output  has  a  value  of  more  than  half  a 
million  dollars.  Macomb  is  one  of  the  principal  clay  manufacturing  centers 
of  the  State,  and  Colchester  one  of  the  best-known  clay-mining  localities. 
Some  of  the  clay  and  shale  mined  from  the  Pottsville  formation  is  shipped 
to  Monmouth  and  other  places,  but  by  far  the  greater  part  is  utilized  at 
the  large  plants  at  Macomb. 


92  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND  1914 

Draintile  and  common  brick  were  made  at  Colchester  and  elsewhere 
at  an  early  date  and  are  still  made  for  local  use  in  plants  at  Colchester, 
Macomb,  and  Industry.  Cleveland  &  Sons  erected  shops  at  Bardolph  in 
1870  and  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  crocks,  jugs,  jars,  and  other  stone- 
ware. Horricks,  Stevens,  and  Co.  also  engaged  in  the  making  of  draintile, 
common  brick,  and  fire  brick  at  Bardolph  about  1875.  Abraham  Newland 
operated  a  brick  and  pottery  plant  at  Tennessee  a  number  of  years  ago.  No 
clay  products  are  now  made  at  either  of  these  towns. 

Five  large  plants  at  Macomb  are  now  burning  clay  and  shale  from  Col- 
chester and  Macomb.  The  Macomb  Sewer  Pipe  Co.  ships  annually  about 
3,000  cars  of  sewer  pipe,  water  pipe,  culvert  pipe,  and  similar  products 
from  two  large  plants,  the  West  Plant  on  the  west  side  of  the  city  and  the 
East  Plant  in  the  northeast  corner  of  town.  A  total  of  32  down-draft 
kilns  are  in  operation.  The  Western  Stoneware  Co.  operates  two  large 
plants  for  the  manufacture  of  jugs,  jars,  crocks,  and  other  stoneware  pottery, 
Plant  No.  3  being  just  east  of  the  railroad  station  and  Plant  No.  4  on  the 
west  side  of  town.  The  Buckeye  Pottery  Co.  also  ships  considerable  quan- 
tities of  stoneware  pottery  from  its  plant  4  blocks  west  of  the  station.  The 
Illinois  Electric  Porcelain  Co.  has  a  new  plant  in  the  northeast  part  of  the 
city  for  the  manufacture  of  insulators  and  other  electric  supplies.  Some 
sagger  clay  from  the  Johnson  farm  near  Colchester  is  the  only  local  mate- 
rial used,  kaolin  being  obtained  from  Georgia,  ball  clay  from  the  State  of 
Tennessee,  ground  silica  from  Oregon,  Illinois,  and  feldspar  from  Maine 
and  Canada. 

Although  the  clay  industry  is  in  so  flourishing  a  condition,  it  has  not 
yet  exhausted  the  possibilities  of  the  raw  materials  available.  Tests  of 
clay  and  shale  from  near  Macomb,  Colchester,  and  Tennessee  indicate  that 
some  of  the  Pottsville  deposits  can  be  used  for  terra  cotta,  paving  brick, 
and  No.  2  fire  brick,  articles  not  now  being  produced.  Although  a  great 
variety  of  stoneware  pottery  is  burned,  the  clays  are  suitable  for  a  number 
of  other  articles  for  which  a  market  might  be  developed.  Ries  enumerates 
the  following  products  that  may  be  made  from  stoneware  clays:  meat  jars, 
butter  jars,  preserve  jars,  bean  pots,  jelly  pots,  churns,  milk  pans,  filters, 
jugs,  umbrella  stands,  vases,  beer  mugs,  cuspidors,  flower  pots,  hanging 
baskets,  milk  and  mustard  pitchers,  pie  plates,  snuff  jars,  drinking  foun- 
tains, French  pots,  stew  pans,  teapots,  custards,  shirred  egg  dishes,  match 
safes,  coquilles,  bakers,  nappies,  plates,  jardinieres,  and  all  kinds  of  chemical 
stoneware. 

The  clay  products  are  made  from  materials  derived  from  three  forma- 
tions:  (1)  common  brick  and  tile  from  loess  and  glacial  drift,  (2)  brick, 
tile,  and  silo  blocks  from  shale  in  the  Carbondale  formation,  and  (3)  stone- 
ware, sewer  pipe,  and  others,  from  clay  and  shale  in  the  Pottsville  forma- 
tion.    The  Pottsville  deposits  are  by  far  the  most  important.     Several  land 


COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES  93 

owners  consider  the  blue  Mississippian  shale  to  be  of  value,  but  most  of  it 
contains  too  much  calcareous  matter  to  compete  with  the  better  materials 
of  Pennsylvanian  age. 

LOESS    AND    DRIFT    CLAYS 

Two  tile  and  brick  plants  near  Colchester  use  a  mixture  of  surface 
materials  and  Pennsylvanian  clay  and  shale.  Two  yards  in  the  Macomb 
quadrangle  and  one  at  Littleton,  just  beyond  its  south  boundary,  supply  the 
local  demand  for  common  brick  and  draintile  by  burning  surface  deposits 
alone.  The  loess  overlies  all  other  deposits  on  the  uplands  and  on  by  far 
the  greater  part  of  the  valley  slopes,  and  is  a  fine-grained  clay  with  a  large 
percentage  of  very  fine  sand.  It  is  buff  to  gray  in  color  and  5  to  20  feet 
thick.  It  is  fairly  uniform  in  its  physical  characters,  though  somewhat 
coarser  and  more  sandy  on  the  slopes  of  the  main  valleys  than  on  the  uplands. 
Loess  contains  small,  round,  iron-bearing  concretions  that  give  the  product 
a  deep-red  color  and  local  segregations  of  calcium  carbonate  that  change  to 
lime  in  burning  and  afterward  tend  to  slack  and  swell,  causing  a  spalling  or 
peeling  off  of  the  surface  if  the  lime  is  in  large  pieces.  The  burning  shrink- 
age of  upland  loess  is  high,  and  careful  burning  is  essential  to  prevent  crack- 
ing. In  spite  of  these  drawbacks,  however,  common  brick  and  tile  of  fair 
quality  can  be  made  from  loess,  and  its  widespread  distribution  makes  it 
available  for  use  in  practically  every  locality.  Glacial  till  could  also  be 
used  in  the  same  way  were  the  number  of  included  pebbles  not  a  serious 
detriment. 

Price  and  Gunning  have  a  small  brick  and  tile  factory  in  the  north 
part  of  Industry  (SW.  %.  NE.  J/4  sec.  15)  where  the  product  is  burned  in 
2  kilns.  Surface  materials  from  a  pit  beside  the  factory  are  used.  The 
upper  foot  exposed  in  the  pit  is  a  very  fine,  ashy  loess,  the  rest  of  the  deposit 
is  chiefly  pebbleless,  drab  to  yellow  clay.  In  the  bottom  of  the  pit  a  few 
pebbles  are  embedded  in  the  clay,  and  their  number  increases  with  increasing 
depth.  Although  the  pebbleless  portion  is  probably  loess  and  lower  part 
glacial  till,  there  is  no  difference  in  the  physical  appearance  and  working 
qualities  of  the  clay.  The  upper  limit  of  pebbles  varies  greatly  in  position, 
and  there  is  a  very  gradual  transition  from  pebbleless  to  abundantly  pebble- 
bearing  clay. 

P.  H.  Tiernan  has  4  down-draft  kilns  one-half  mile  west  of  Macomb 
(NW.  Y\  SW.  Y^  sec.  36,  map  number  53)  and  makes  red  building  brick 
during  the  warmer  months.  The  present  pit,  a  few  rods  north  of  the  yard, 
shows  2  feet  of  gray  loess  at  the  top  with  5  feet  of  pebbleless  clay  beneath. 
The  floor  of  the  pit  is  gravelly  till,  the  gradation  between  it  and  the  loess 
being  about  the  same  as  in  the  Price  and  Gunning  pit. 


94  BIENNIAL  REPORT   FOR   1913   AND   1914 

SHALE    IN    CARBONDALE    FORMATION 

In  many  parts  of  the  region  the  drab  shale  immediately  above  coal  No. 
2  is  sufficiently  thick  to  form  an  important  resource.  As  will  be  mentioned 
later,  this  shale  is  occasionally  mixed  with  Pottsville  materials  and  used  for 
the  more  common  clay  products.  It  is  probable  that  it  could  be  used  for 
sewer  pipe  and  paving  brick,  either  alone  or  mixed  with  loess  and  with  clay 
from  the  Pottsville  formation.  Near  Colchester  are  30  feet  and  more  of 
clayey  shale  that  could  be  conveniently  stripped  together  with  the  underlying 
materials.  North  of  East  Fork  and  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Macomb 
quadrangle  massive  sandstone  or  very  sandy  shale  lies  so  near  the  top  of 
coal  No.  2  in  many  places  that  the  intervening  shale  is  too  thin  to  be 
utilized.  Even  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle,  however, 
there  are  many  exposures  of  15  feet  or  more  of  clayey  shale  belonging  to 
the  Carbondale  formation.  In  an  easily  accessible  ravine  southwest  of 
Industry  (NE.  }i  sec.  2,  T.  3  N.,  R.  3  W.)  there  is  more  than  50  feet  of 
only  moderately  sandy  shale  resting  on  the  Mnrphysboro  coal  bed. 

CLAY    AND    SHALE    IN    POTTSVILLE    FORMATION 
IMPORTANCE    OF    POTTSVILLE    MATERIALS 

Practically  all  the  argillaceous  sediments  between  coal  No.  2  and  the 
basal  Pennsylvanian  sandstone  have  been  used  at  one  time  or  another  for 
various  clay  products,  but  the  most  valuable  stratum  lies  at  the  potters'  or 
stoneware  clay  horizon  just  above  the  sandstone  and  30  to  40  feet  below 
the  coal.  From  this  stratum  comes  all  the  clay  used  for  sewer  pipe  and 
pottery  at  Macomb.  The  following  detailed  mention  of  past  and  present 
pits,  prospects,  and  mines  shows  the  nature  of  the  deposits  where  practical 
commercial  tests  have  been  made. 

CLAY    PITS 

Clay  in  the  Pottsville  formation  was  formerly  mined  extensively  2  miles 
west  of  Bardolph  (NE.  Y\  sec.  22),  where  an  open  cut  about  60  feet  wide 
and  150  feet  long  was  made  and  some  material  also  obtained  by  drifting. 
The  product  was  hauled  over  a  tramway  to  the  factories  at  Bardolph,  where 
it  was  made  into  brick,  drain  tile,  and  pottery.  No  work  has  been  done  for 
many  years  and  the  clay  is  now  almost  completely  concealed.  Similar  clay 
was  also  found  in  the  draw  one-half  mile  west  of  Bardolph,  but  a  trial  shaft 
70  feet  deep  at  Bardolph  itself  is  said  not  to  have  penetrated  it. 

The  largest  producer  in  the  region  is  the  Macomb  Clay  Products  Co., 
whose  open  pit  work  3  miles  northeast  of  Macomb  (E.  ]/2  NW.  Y\  sec.  20, 
map  number  54)  is  removing  an  entire  hill.  At  present  24  feet  of  stripping, 
consisting  of  16  feet  of  loess,  2  feet  of  gravel  and  till,  4  feet  of  white 
sandstone,  and  2  feet  of  white  clay,  is  excavated  by  a  steam  shovel  and 
thrown  on  the  dumps.     Another  steam  shovel  follows  the  first  and  recovers 


COLCHESTER   AND   .MACOMB  QUADRANGLES  95 

2  feet  of  white,  rather  thin-bedded  sandstone  and  10  to  12  feet  of  light  to 
dark  bine,  very  sandy,  compact  clay  that  rests  on  dark  blue  shale  containing 
clay  ironstone  concretions.  The  altitude  of  the  base  of  the  clay  is  609  feet 
and  is  21  feet  above  East  Fork.  The  product  of  the  second  shovel,  except 
portions  of  the  sandstone  that  are  pitted  with  numerous  specks  of  weathered 
iron  pyrites,  is  loaded  on  a  spur  and  shipped  to  the  Macomb  Sewer  Pipe 
Company's  plants  at  Macomb.  As  the  stripping  shovel  can  not  keep  pace 
with  the  other,  causing  a  shortage  of  raw  material  at  times,  clay  from  the 
Johnson  farm  near  Colchester  is  also  used  at  the  plants. 

For  about  20  years  clay  for  Macomb  sewer-pipe  plants  was  obtained 
from  the  S.  Russell  farm,  one  mile  north  of  Macomb  (NW.  54  NE.  Y\ 
sec.  25).  Large  open  pits  were  excavated  and  drifts  driven  in  from  their 
sides  in  clay  that  lies  about  15  feet  above  low  water  in  the  creek.  Work 
has  been  discontinued  for  so  long,  that  the  exposures  are  now  very  poor, 
but  Mr.  Russell  reports  the  succession  to  be  as  follows : 

Section  at  abandoned  clay  pit,  NW.  l/A  NE.  ]/A  sec.  25,  T.  6  N.,  R.  3  W. 

Thickness 
Description  of  strata  Feet 

Shale,  replaced  by  drift  on  the  north 8-25 

Sandstone,  pure  white  to  light  buff,  massive,  composed  of  translucent  quartz 

grains     2  -     8 

Clay,  cream  white,  a  coarse  fire  clay 4 

Clay,  variegated,  reported  a  good  stoneware  clay 8 

Coal   ("No.  1")    " y2 

An  abandoned  pit  two  miles  northwest  of  Macomb  (NE.  ]/\.  SW.  %. 
sec.  26)  is  reported  to  have  furnished  shale  from  which  was  made  the  paving 
brick  used  on  certain  Macomb  streets.  The  shrinkage  is  said  to  have  been 
too  high  for  sewer  pipe  and  similar  products.  About  21  feet  of  light  drab 
to  blue  shale,  with  a  little  clay  and  sandstone,  is  now  exposed  under  8  feet 
of  loess  and  till.  Near  its  base  (altitude  about  610  feet)  are  2  feet  of  black- 
shale  with  a  few  inches  of  coal  ("No.  1"),  and  under  it  a  massive  sandstone 
that  has  been  quarried. 

The  Colchester  Brick  and  Tile  Co.  operates  a  plant  with  4  kilns  one- 
half  mile  north  of  Colchester  (SW.  %  NE.  )/\  sec.  12,  map  number  55), 
making  building  brick,  draintile,  silo  blocks,  and  sidewalk  pavers.  In  the 
pits  on  the  sides  of  the  ravine  (fig.  7)  beside  the  plant  a  complete  section  of 
the  Pennsylvania!!  from  above  coal  No.  2  to  the  base  of  the  stoneware  clay 
is  exposed  and  is  printed  later  in  the  description  of  clay  samples  obtained 
for  testing.  All  this  material,  47  to  55  feet  thick,  can  be  used  for  clay 
products.  In  addition  about  10  feet  of  loess  on  the  divide  is  also  available 
and  the  coal  can  be  utilized  in  the  kilns.  The  stoneware  clay  at  the  base 
is  10  feet  thick  and  burns  to  a  very  pleasing  cream  or  nearly  white  color. 
One  foot  of  firm  argillaceous  sandstone  rests  on  it  and  would  make  a  moder- 


96 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND  1914 


ately  strong  mine  roof.  A  thick,  thin-bedded  yellow  to  red  sandstone  under- 
lies the  clay.  When  a  red  color  is  desired  the  shale  above  the  clay  is  added 
in  large  proportions.  Common  brick  are  made  from  shale  or  from  shale 
and  loess  mixed.  Hollow  ware  is  made  from  shale  and  stoneware  clay 
mixed. 

Baird  Bros.'  clay  mine  is  one-half  mile  northwest  of  Colchester  (NE.  % 
SW.  %.  sec.  12,  map  number  56).  Stoneware  clay  is  obtained  chiefly  from 
a  drift  mine  on  the  east  side  of  the  ravine  and  is  used  in  making  jugs, 
jars,  crocks,  and  other  stoneware  pottery  at  the  plant  of  the  Western  Stone- 
ware Co.  at  Macomb.  It  makes  very  attractive  white  or  cream-colored 
pottery  of  high  grade.     Floor  brick  for  the  kilns  at  the  potteries  are  also 


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Fig.  7. — Pit  of  Colchester  Brick  and  Tile  Company  showing  coal  No.  2  near  top 
and  stoneware  clay  at  base. 


made  from  this  clay  and  successfully  withstand  a  very  high  temperature. 
This  drift  mine  has  worked  out  about  60  acres  of  clay  on  the  room-and- 
pillar  plan  of  mining.  The  average  thickness  of  the  clay  is  about  8  feet, 
but  the  upper  2  feet  are  commonly  left  up  in  order  that  a  thin  streak  of 
sandstone  near  the  base  may  serve  as  a  mine  roof.  In  a  few  places  the 
clay  mined  is  as  much  as  12  feet  thick.  It  has  a  dark-gray  color  with  black 
carbonaceous  streaks  near  the  bottom,  the  fracture  is  subconchoidal,  and 
it  is  nearly  free  from  iron.  A  layer  a  foot  thick  and  2  feet  from  the  bottom 
is  so  sandy  and  firmly  cemented  that  it  is  usually  thrown  in  the  gob.  Few 
timbers  are  used  except  in  the  entries  and  much  care  is  necessary  in  the 
rooms.     Pit  cars  are  hauled  by  mules  from  the  interior  of  the  mine  along 


COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES  97 

a  tramway  up  the  ravine  to  a  tipple  on  the  railroad,  more  than  one-half 
mile  distant. 

A  few  rods  down  the  ravine  and  on  its  west  side  is  a  short  drift,  and 
a  small  strip-pit  from  which  is  obtained  material  from  the  base  of  the  stone- 
ware clay  to  within  12  feet  of  the  Murphysboro  coal  bed.  A  description  of 
these  strata  may  be  found  on  a  following  page  where  a  typical  section  is 
given  for  the  Pottsville  formation.  The  shale  and  clay  from  the  strip-pit 
are  shipped  to  Monmouth  and  made  into  sewer  pipe. 

The  B.  F.  Myers  drift  is  only  a  short  distance  southwest  of  the 
Baird  mine,  on  the  opposite  side  of  a  narrow  divide  (SW.  ^4  SW.  ^4  sec. 
12,  map  number  57).  The  clay  in  this  mine  is  in  every  way  similar  to  that 
at  the  Baird  drift.  It  is  8  feet  thick  on  the  south  and  6  feet  and  of  better 
quality  on  the  north.  The  product  is  hauled  one-half  mile  over  a  tram- 
way to  the  railroad  and  shipped  to  Macomb,  where  it  is  used  for  all  kinds 
of  stoneware  pottery  by  the  Buckeye  Pottery  Co. 

The  Northwestern  Terra  Cotta  Co.  of  Chicago  prospected  and  pur- 
chased a  tract  of  land  one  mile  northwest  of  Colchester  with  the  intention 
of  utilizing  Pottsville  sediments  for  terra  cotta  and  other  clay  products,  but 
has  not  yet  begun  active  operations.  At  their  pit  (SE.  %  SE.  J4  sec.  11) 
there  is  exposed  39  feet  of  clay  and  shale,  including  about  3  feet  of  sand- 
stone. The  top  of  the  pit  is  close  to  the  horizon  of  coal  No.  2  and  the  bottom 
less  than  15  feet  above  the  St.  Louis  limestone.  The  section  exposed  appears 
to  be  similar  to  that  at  the  Colchester  Brick  and  Tile  Company's  pit. 

The  farm  of  Charles  Johnson,  2  miles  southwest  of  Colchester  (E.  yi 
sec.  23)  has  long  been  known  as  a  producer  of  clay  and  shale  from  the 
Pottsville  formation.  Work  had  been  temporarily  suspended  when  the  local- 
ity was  visited  in  the  fall  of  1912,  but  has  been  carried  on  in  the  past  by 
shafting,  drifting,  and  stripping.  Connection  with  the  railroad  is  obtained 
by  means  of  a  short  spur  and  the  product  is  shipped  to  Monmouth,  Macomb, 
and  elsewhere.  Sewer  pipe  is  made  from  the  shale  above  coal  "No.  1"  mixed 
with  the  clay  below  it.  Some  of  the  clay  below  coal  "No.  1"  can  be  used 
for  stoneware,  but  parts  of  the  bed  must  be  mixed  with  other  clays  for 
that  purpose.  This  clay  is  said  to  be  the  most  refractory  and  plastic  in  the 
district ;  an  exposed  section  is  described  as  follows : 

Section  of  exposed  beds  in  the  clay  pit  in  NE.  %  SE.  %  sec.  23,  T.  5  Ar.,  R.  4  W. 

(map  number  58) 

Thickness 
Description  of  strata  Feet 

Sandstone,  bluish  white  to  brown  and  deep  buff,  in  places  thin  bedded  and 
with  shale  partings,  in  others  massive    (top  20  feet  below  Murphysboro 

coal)     8 

Shale,  drab,  sandy  at  top,  clayey  below 10 

Coal  ("No.  1"),  thickness  variable,  average V/2 


<>N 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND  1914 


Clay,  white,  sandy,  indurated 3 

Clay,  dark  gray  to  blue,  slightly  sandy 6 

Clay,  white,  sandy,  indurated  (St.  Louis  limestone  less  than  5  feet  lower)  ....       4 

A  number  of  years  ago  Abraham  Newland  operated  a  brick  and  pottery- 
plant  at  Tennessee,  and  used  Pottsville  deposits  from  north  of  Tennessee 
and  from  a  now  abandoned  shaft  sunk  beside  the  railroad  halfway  between 
Tennessee  and  Colchester  (SE.  ]/A  SW.  YA  sec.  14,  T.  5  N.,  R.  4  W.). 

Log  of  abandoned  Newland  shaft  between  Tennessee  and  Colchester 


Description  of  strata 


Thickness 


Depth 


Surface  deposits — 

Soil  and  yellow  clay 

Gravel    

Carbondale   formation — 

Shale    

Coal  No.  2   (Murphysboro  coal) 

Shale,  black,  carbonaceous   ("slate") 

Pottsville   formation — 

Clay,  reported  to  make  nearly  white  fire  brick 
of   good   quality 

Clay,  reported  to  make  good  terra  cotta,  etc 

Clay,  dark  blue,  containing  limestone  boulders.... 

Sandstone,   clayey,   firmly   cemented 

Clay,  reported  fine  quality  for  stoneware 

Shale,  black,  slaty,  very  carbonaceous 

Shale,  blue  

Sandstone,  dark  gray,  very  firmly  cemented 

Coal  ("No.  1",  but  lower  than  "No.  1"  on  John- 
son   farm)    


Ft. 

in. 

Ft. 

11 

11 

4 

15 

16 

31 

2 

3 

33 

9 

34 

6 

40 

5 

45 

9 

54 

2 

6 

56 

10 

0 

66 

3 

0 

69 

5 

0 

74 

4 

0 

78 

1 

0 

79 

Mr.  Newland  states  that  practically  all  the  shale  and  clay  in  this  section 
was  used  at  one  time  and  another.  After  coal  No.  2  was  mined  out  and  the 
pillars  pulled,  the  overlying-  shale  was  used  for  brick  and  red  draintile.  The 
underclay  of  the  coal  produced  good  fire  brick,  although  tests  of  this  bed  at 
several  other  places  near  Colchester  have  been  unsuccessful.  The  lower 
clays  appear  to  have  been  very  similar  to  those  now  mined  northwest  of 
Colchester. 

A  well  recently  dug  and  bored  on  the  land  of  F.  W.  Whalin,  2  miles 
west  of  Colchester  (NE.  *4  NE.  %.  sec.  15)  penetrated  strata  nearly  identical 
with  those  in  the  Newland  shaft.  Clay  from  the  stoneware  horizon  has  been 
taken  from  this  land  for  use  in  the  Tennessee  and  other  plants. 

Much  clay  was  formerly  dug  by  shafting,  drifting,  and  stripping  on 
the  farm  of  J.  C.  McClure  V/2  miles  north  of  Tennessee  (SW.  }i  sec.  10). 
It  was  hauled  in  wagons  to  Tennessee,  where  much  of  it  was  burned  and 
some  shipped  to  other  points.  The  pits  are  now  poorly  exposed,  but  there 
is  reported  to  be  8  to  12  feet  of  stoneware  clay.     The  clay  is  underlain  with 


COLCHESTER   AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES  99 

white  sandstone  that  lies  on  the  St.  Louis  limestone.     There  appears  to  be  a 
large  quantity  of  clay  that  could  be  easily  stripped  with  a  steam  shovel. 

Lee  McClure  operates  a  small  clay  plant  2^>  miles  north  of  Tennessee 
(SE.  %.  NE.  *4  sec.  3,  map  number  59),  making  a  faintly  red  draintile 
from  a  mixture  of  loess  and  clay  from  the  stoneware  clay  horizon  of  the 
Pottsville.  The  clay  is  obtained  in  the  hollow  southeast  of  the  plant  (SW. 
Y\  sec.  2)  and  a  section  of  the  strata  exposed  is  printed  in  the  report  on 
clay  tests. 

AREAL   DISTRIBUTION 

The  location  of  the  high-grade  clays  and  shales  of  the  Pottsville  forma- 
tion deserves  special  notice.  There  are  two  districts  in  which  commercial 
development  has  proved  to  be  of  considerable  value.  One  of  these  includes 
most  of  a  strip  about  one  mile  wide  on  the  north  side  of  the  East  Fork  of 
Crooked  Creek  from  the  west  line  of  sec.  26,  T.  6  N.,  R.  3  W.,  northeast  to 
the  north  boundary  of  the  quadrangle.  The  area  from  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
to  two  miles  west  of  Rardolph,  on  the  south  side  of  the  creek,  is  virtually 
part  of  the  same  district.  The  second  district  includes  strips  of  both  sides 
of  East  Fork  from  north  of  Colchester  to  north  of  Tennessee.  It  also  in- 
cludes the  divide  between  Colchester  and  Tennessee  and  the  deposits  on  the 
Johnson  farm,  southwest  of  Colchester.  These  two  districts  contain  suffi- 
cient high-grade  clays  and  shales  to  supply  demands  for  many  years  to  come. 

In  addition  to  the  two  production  districts,  the  clay  and  shale  horizons 
of  the  Pottsville  underlie  all  the  territory  mapped  as  containing  coal  No.  2 
and  a  marginal  area  beyond  the  limits  of  that  bed.  Practically  all  this  ter- 
ritory probably  contains  the  raw  materials  for  many  clay  products,  but  as 
outcrops  of  the  Pottsville  are  poor  or  absent  in  most  of  it,  only  systematic 
prospecting  can  demonstrate  the  position  of  the  best  deposits.  Outcrops 
from  the  stoneware  clay  horizon  to  33  feet  above  coal  No.  2  in  the  extreme 
southeastern  corner  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle  indicate  the  absence  of 
pottery  material,  though  there  is  in  the  Pottsville  an  abundance  of  shale  for 
commoner  clay  products. 

In  the  southwestern  quarter  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle  the  Pottsville 
is  exposed  in  a  number  of  places.  In  general  the  strata  above  the  stoneware 
clay  horizon  contain  more  sandstone  than  those  near  Colchester  and 
Macomb,  a  factor  that  might  be  detrimental  in  extensive  stripping  opera- 
tions. The  stoneware-clay  bed  is  well  exposed  in  several  bluffs  on  Camp 
and  Grindstone  creeks  in  sees.  11,  15,  23,  and  24  (  ?),  and  in  ravines  in  the 
N.  y2  sec.  26  and  SW.  J4  sec.  28,  all  in  T.  4  N.,  R.  3  E.  It  is  likely  that 
careful  prospecting  would  reveal  on  and  near  these  streams  and  also  on 
Willow  Branch  easily  accessible  deposits  that  equal  in  quality  and  thickness 
those  now  being  developed  on  East  Fork  drainage.  The  greater  the  pro- 
portion of  shale  and  clay  in  the  section,  the  fewer  are  the  natural  expos- 


100 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


ures,  so  that  the  outcrops  now  visible  are  hardly  fair  indices  to  the  real 
value  of  the  Pottsville  in  this  area.  The  following  outcrop,  however,  con- 
tains material  that  appears  to  be  especially  promising. 


Section  of  bluff  on  Camp  Creek,  NW.  Ya,  SW . 


4  sec.  15,  T.  4  N.,  R.  3  W. 
Thickness 
Ft. 


Description  of  strata 

Coal  No.  2  (Murphysboro  coal)    

Concealed,  chiefly  shale  and  clay 

Clay,  white  and  yellow,  sandy,  sandstone  layer  near  middle 

Shale,   drab,  clayey,  plastic    

Shale,  bluish  black,  carbonaceous 

Coal  ("No.  1")    

Clay,   drab    

Shale,  bluish  gray,  micaceous,  very  sandy,  with  iron  concretions 

in  places  and  sandstone  lenses  near  base 

Clay  and  shale,  very  carbonaceous  near  middle 

Clay,  yellow  and  light  blue,  very  sandy  to  water  in  Camp  Creek 

The  clay  at  the  base  of  this  section  lies  at  the  stoneware-clay  horizon. 
Probably  its  full  thickness  is  shown,  as  sandstone  appears  at  the  creek  level 
a  short  distance  below. 


MECHANICAL  AND   BURNING  TESTS 
NEW   SAMPLES 

In  1908  E.  F.  Lines  of  this  Survey  examined  and  sampled  all  the  clay 
and  shale  pits  and  mines  and  the  most  important  outcrops  near  Macomb, 
Colchester,  and  Tennessee.  Tests  were  made  in  the  ceramic  laboratories 
of  the  University  of  Illinois,  with  the  results  shown  in  the  two  following 
tables. 
Table  34. — Tests  of  raw  clay  and  shale  in  the  Colchester  and  Macomb  quadrangles 


Sample 
number 


Tempering 
water 


Working 
quality 


Color 

Drying 

shrinkage 

Porosity 

Per  cent 

Per  cent 

Gray 

5 

26 

Gray 

6 

27 

Gray 

7 

30 

Drab 

Light  gray 

5 

26 

Light  gray 

5 

27 

Gray 

5 

28 

Light  drab 

5 

28 

Light  gray 

5 

Light  gray 

6 

30 

Light   gray 

8 

28 

Light  lavender 

6 

28 

Light  gray 

5 

26 

Light  gray 

6 

25 

Gray 

6 

26 

Light  gray 

6 

29 

L32 
L33 
L34 
L35 
L38 
L39 
L40 
L41 
L42 
L44 
L72 
L73 
L75 
L76 
L45 
L43 


Per  cent 
21 
21 
24 
20 
20 
20 
18 
21 
18 
21 


25 
21 
20 

25 


Fat 

Fat 

Lean 

Fat 

Stiff 
Stiff 
Fat 
Fat 


Fat 
Fat 
Fat 


COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES  101 

The  locations  of  samples  collected  for  the  tests  are  as  follows : 

L  32. — Dry-pan  sample  from  the  mill  of  the  Macomb  Sewer  Pipe  Company  at 
Macomb. 

L  33  and  34. — Samples  from  pit  of  Macomb  Clay  Products  Company,  3  miles 
northeast  of  Macomb,   NE.  y  sec.  20,  T.  6  N.,  R.  2  W.,    (map  number  54). 

Section  from  pit  of  Macomb  Clay  Products  Company 

Thickness 
Description  of  strata  Feet 

Stripping    

4.     Sandstone    3 

3.     Light-gray  clay  (L  33) 3]/2 

2.     Dark-gray  clay  having  reddish  and  pinkish  stains   (L  34) AT/2 

1.     Black  clay  containing  iron  concretions 

L  35. — Sample  from  10-foot  outcrop  on  S.  Russel  farm,  1  mile  north  of  Macomb, 
NE.  %  sec.  25,  T.  6  N.,  R.  3  W. 

L  38. — Sample  from  7l/2-ioot  face  on  mine  on  B.  F.  Myers  farm  SW.  y  sec.  12, 
T.  5  N.,  R.  4  W.   (map  number  57). 

L  39-42. — Samples  from  pit  at  brick  yard  of  Colchester  Brick  and  Tile  Company, 
y2  mile  north  of  Colchester,  NE.  YA  sec.  12,  T.  5  N.,  R.  4  W.   (map  number  55). 

Section  from  pit  of  Colchester  Brick  and  Tile  Company 

Thickness 

Description  of  strata  Feet 

10.     Gray   shale    10 

9.     Coal  No.  2  (Murphysboro  coal)    2 

8.     Clay     5 

7.     Gray  sandy  shale  containing  large  concretions  or  lenses  of   ferruginous 

limestone  in  upper  part   10 

6.     Black  clay  stained  purple  on  fracture  surfaces  and  containing  lime-iron 

concretions    4 

5.  Gray  sandy  clay \y2 

4.  Gray  sandy  clay  stained  purple  in  upper  foot  (L  39) Al/2 

3.  Gray  clay  shale   (L  40) 5 

2.  Sandy   layer    1 

1.  Gray  sandy  clay  (L  41  upper  half  and  L  42  lower  half) 10 

L  44. — Sample  from  10-foot  face  in  mine  on  John  Farenkoff  farm,  1  mile  west 
of  Colchester,  SE.  %  sec.  11,  T.  5  N.,  R.  4  W. 

L  72. — Sample  from  north  mine  on  Valentine  farm,  y2  mile  northwest  of  Col- 
chester, SW.  y  sec.  12,  T.  5  N.,  R.  4  W.  (map  number  56). 

Section  from  Valentine  farm  mine 

Thickness 
Description    of    strata  Feet 

6.  Shale  roof   

5.  Gray   clay    (L   72) 2 

4.  Gray  sandstone    1 

3.  Gray  clay  (L  72) 4 

2.  Gray  sandstone    1 

1.     Grav   clav    2 


102 


BIENNIAL   REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


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COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES 


103 


L  73. — Sample  from  7-foot  face  in  the  south  mine  on  the  Valentine  farm.  Loca- 
tion same  as  L  72. 

L  75-76. — Sample  L  75  from  outcrop  and  L  76  from  mine  on  Johnson  farm,  2 
miles  southwest  of  Colchester,  NE.  ^  sec.  23,  T.  5  N.,  R.  4  W.  (map  number  58). 

L  45. — Sample  from  9-foot  face  in  mine  of  J.  C.  McClure  farm,  \]/2  miles  north  of 
Tennessee,  SW.  VA  sec.  10,  T.  5  N,  R.  4  W. 

L  43. — Sample  from  outcrop  on  Lee  McClure  farm,  2y>  miles  north  of  Tennesee, 
SW.  y4  sec.  2,  T.  5  N.,  R.  4  W. 

Section  from  outcrop  on  the  McClure  farm 

Thickness 
Description   of    strata  Feet 

6.  Yellow    surface    clay 3 

5.  Gray  clay  (L  43) 5# 

4.  Concealed 7 

3.  Impure   coal    \y2 

2.  Concealed    1 

1.  St.  Louis  limestone    6+ 

OLD   SAMPLES 

Samples  collected  in  1904  were  also  subjected  to  various  tests,  among 
them  the  determination  of  the  vitrification  and  fusion  points.3  Samples  H  41, 
H  42,  and  H  43,  were  obtained  at  the  works  of  the  Western  Stoneware 
Company  at  Monmouth.  H  41  and  H  43  were  reported  to  come  from  Col- 
chester and  H  42  from  Tennessee.  These  clays  are  mixed  for  the  produc- 
tion of  stoneware.  Samples  H  44,  H  45,  and  H  46  are  from  the  Russell 
farm,  one  mile  north  of  Macomb,  and  were  sent  in  by  Dr.  Russell.  H  44 
and  H  45  are  from  the  upper  part  of  the  clay  horizon  shown  in  the  section 
on  a  previous  page,  while  H  46  is  from  the  lower  part. 


Table  36. — Mechanical 

analyses  of  clays  from  Warren  and  McDonough  counties 

Volatile 

Residue  left  on  screens 

|                  J 
o           Total           >> 

Sample          Mois" 
ture 

20             60             100             150       1     200 
mesh  i     mesh         mesh         mesh        mesh 

8             per 

§  g  S  1    cent    ,     -s 

Ph~G      i                                  pu 

H  41_ 
H  42_ 
H  43. 
H  44_ 
H  45. 
H  46. 


1.82 

6.60 

0.24 

0.38 

2.03 

6.99 

1.94 

6.74 

6.27 

0.76 

0.70 

3.12 

2.16 

7.94 

14.25 

16.86 

5.06 

4.50 

0.82 

4.00 

0.161 

3.04 

16.56 

28.84 

0.66 

2.96 

6.265 

4.24 

2.60 

6.11 

1.24 

3.94 

0.101 

0.56 

3.41 

21.02 

I 

2.36 
2.32 
1.48 
6.14 
7.26 
3.64 


77.88 

98.30 

75.94 

98.18 

43.93 

96.18 

24.88 

82.64 

37.65 

67.75 

65.82 

99.73 

3Purdy,  R.  C,  and  DeWolf,  F.  W.,  Preliminary  investigations  of  Illinois  fire  clays:   111.   State 
Geol.    Survey,   Bull.   4,  pp.    162-165,    1907. 


104 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Table  37. — Chemical  analyses  of  clays  from   Warren  and  McDonough   counties 


Sample 

Moisture 

Volatile 

Si  0, 

Fe2  03 

Al2  03 

TiO„ 

Total 

per  cent 

H  41 

1.25 

7.05 

66.50 

1.56 

21.50 

1.28 

99.14 

H  42 

1.62 

7.37 

65.14 

1.59 

21.53 

1.60 

98.85 

H  43 

1.41 

8.25 

55.96 

1.57 

29.47 

1.60 

98.26 

H  44 

0.33 

4.31 

78.46 

1.29 

13.97 

1.02 

99.38 

H  45 

0.49 

3.03 

83.34 

0.80 

8.42 

0.80 

96.88 

H  46 

0.81 

4.32 

77.88 

1.05 

14.42 

0.93 

99.41 

Results  of  the  pyrometric  tests  were  as  follows : 

H  41. — This  clay  started  to  bend  at  cone  28  and  was  fused  flat  at  cone  30.  In 
the  preliminary  burn  this  clay  was  vitrified  at  cone  20. 

H  42. — This  sample  was  bending  and  bloating  at  cone  29.  In  preliminary  burn 
it  was  vitrified  at  cone  20. 

H  43. — The  final  test  on  this  clay  was  very  unsatisfactory.  When  cone  29  was 
down,  two  of  the  cones  made  from  this  clay  were  beginning  to  bend,  while  the  third 
one  was  erect.  When  cone  31  was  touching  the  plaque,  one  of  the  clay  cones  that 
was  started  at  cone  29  was  flat  and  fused,  while  the  other  one,  like  the  third  clay  cone, 
was  vitrified  and  blistered,  but  not  down.  In  the  preliminary  burn  this  clay  was 
vitrified  at  cone  20. 

H  44. — This  clay  started  to  bend  at  27  and  was  just  touching  the  plaque  at  cone 
31.     In  the  preliminary  burn  it  was  standing  at  cone  20. 

H  45. — The  cones  made  from  the  clay  began  to  bend  at  cone  27  and  were  flat 
at  cone  29.     In  the  preliminary  burn  this  clay  was  vitrified  at  cone  20. 

H  46. — All  cones  were  flat  and  fused  at  cone  29.  No  record  was  obtained  as 
to  when  they  began  to,  fuse.  In  the  preliminary  burn  this  clay  resembled  H  45  in  every 
respect. 

In  testing  the  characteristics  during  the  burning  process  these  clays 
were  made  up  into  briquets  by  the  stiff-mud  process  and  burned  at  1120°  C. 
Each  burned  fine  light  buff  and  was  quite  porous. 


SUMMARY 

Sample  II  41  has  a  fair  texture  and  fineness  of  grain,  but  H  42  and  H  43 
are  quite  coarse.  None  of  these  three  samples  show  much  plasticity.  They 
are  all  comparatively  low  in  iron  content,  and  their  relative  fusibility  cor- 
responds or  is  roughly  proportioned  to  their  content  of  fluxing  ingredients 
other  than  iron.  Such  factors  as  content  of  Si02  and  fineness  of  grain  affect 
also  to  a  considerable  extent,  their  relative  fusibility.  These  clays  belong 
to  the  group  of  the  so-called  No.  2  refractories,  and  offer  possibilities  of 
being  satisfactory  unless  the  low  point  of  vitrification  is  objectionable. 
They  seem  also  to  be  adapted  to  the  manufacture  of  stoneware  and  terra 
cotta,  besides  the  manufacture  of  No.  2  fire  brick. 

The  fusibility  periods  of  samples  H  44,  H  45,  and  H  46  place  them  in 
the  No.  2  refractory  class.  All  seem  to  be  of  possible  use  for  second  grade 
fire  brick.  H  44  burns  too  coarse  for  use  in  pottery,  but  H  45  and  H  46 
seem  of  possible  value  for  stoneware,  terra  cotta  and  No.  2  fire  brick. 


COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES  105 

Stone 
sandstone 
The  sandstone  at  or  near  the  base  of  the  Pennsylvanian  affords  a  fairly 
good  building  stone  in  places,  though  in  many  localities  it  is  too  massive  or 
too  irregularly  bedded  to  be  easily  quarried.  Considerable  sandstone  was 
taken  from  quarries  only  a  few  feet  above  East  Fork,  2  miles  northwest  of 
Macomb,  a  number  of  years  ago.  Part  of  this  was  massive,  grayish  buff  to 
white,  and  7  to  12  feet  thick.  The  upper  part  was  more  thinly  bedded  and 
was  often  pried  up  in  slabs  1  to  3  feet  thick.  The  stone  was  durable  and 
was  used  for  foundation  walls,  well  curbing,  nagging,  and  similar  purposes. 
At  one  time  a  factory  was  in  operation  for  the  manufacture  of  grindstones 
and  a  number  were  shipped  to  various  parts  of  the  country.  Some  stone 
has  also  been  taken  from  a  small  quarry  in  the  southeastern  corner  of  the 
Macomb  quadrangle  (SE.  %  sec.  4,  T.  3  N.,  R.  1  W.),  where  there  are  20 
feet  of  drab,  thick-bedded  sandstone.  Small  quantities  of  sandstone  have 
also  been  derived  from  outcrops  near  Colchester  and  elsewhere. 

LIMESTONE 

The  only  quarries  that  have  furnished  much  stone  in  recent  years  are 
in  Mississippian  beds.  The  upper  part  of  the  crystalline  limestone  beds  of 
the  Keokuk  yield  a  fine  quality  of  building  stone,  the  chief  objection  to 
them  being  a  slight  tendency  to  split  after  long  exposure  to  atmospheric 
agencies.  There  is  little  demand  for  building  stone  except  for  foundations 
and  curbing,  so  that  most  of  the  rock  used  is  crushed  for  concrete  material 
and  road  metal.  The  best  stone  lies  in  the  interval  about  20  feet  thick  lying 
about  10  feet  below  the  top  of  the  limestone,  the  material  above  that  being 
cherty  and  thinly  and  irregularly  bedded  and  that  below  containing  a  very 
large  proportion  of  chert.  Most  of  the  ledges  are  less  than  2  feet  thick  and 
can  be  easily  separated  along  thin  clay  partings.  These  beds  have  been 
quarried  in  several  places,  but  in  only  two  recently :  ( 1 )  at  the  end  of  the 
bridge  over  Brunce's  Creek,  2  miles  northwest  of  Plymouth  (NE.  %  NW. 
^4  sec.  26,  map  number  60)  and  (2)  ll/2  miles  north  of  Plymouth  (NE.  *4 
NW.  J4  sec.  25,  map  number  61).  At  the  latter  place  there  is  a  small 
crusher  and  the  following  section  is  exposed : 

Section  in  a  quarry,  NE.  yA  NW.  YA  sec.  25,  T.  3  N.,  R.  5  W. 

Thickness 
Description   of  strata  Ft.  in. 

6.     Limestone,    bluish   gray,    crystalline,   small    lenses   of    chert, 
in  beds  of  8  inches  or  less  with  shale  partings  of  5  inches 

or  less.     Several  good  quarry  layers,  though  thin 13 

5.     Limestone,  in  one  bed,  a  little  chert . .  12-16 

4.     Limestone,  one  bed,  a  very  little  chert 2  1 

3.     Limestone,  thin-bedded,  with  shale  partings ..  10 

2.     Limestone,  one  bed,  no  chert 1  11 

1.     Limestone,  one  bed,  no  chert 1  3 


106  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 

Crushed  rock  can  also  be  obtained  from  the  St.  Louis  limestone,  but 
with  difficulty.  Several  of  the  impure  limestone  beds  that  lie  30  feet  and 
less  below  the  St.  Louis  contain  a  durable  stone  for  building-  purposes.  Con- 
siderable rock  has  been  taken  from  one  of  these  beds  3  miles  northwest  of 
St.  Marys  (SW.  Ya  SE.  Ya  sec.  33,  T.  5  N,  R.  5  W.,  map  number  62), 
where  there  are  15  feet  of  bluish-buff,  argillaceous,  thick-bedded  limestone 
that  weathers  yellowish. 

Sand  and  Gravel 
Sand  and  some  gravel  can  be  obtained  from  the  beds  of  many  creeks 
and  their  tributaries,  the  former  having  been  derived  from  the  sandy  depos- 
its at  or  near  the  base  of  the  glacial  deposits,  and  the  latter  from  pebbles 
in  the  main  body  of  the  till.  It  would  also  be  possible  to  obtain  remarkably 
pure  sand  on  a  large  scale  by  stripping.  On  Spring  Creek,  4  miles  north- 
west of  Macomb  (SW.  Txi  NE.  JY  sec.  28),  there  are  exposed  in  a  road  cut 
31  feet  of  orange  and  white  sand  that  is  composed  almost  entirely  of  equi- 
dimensional  quartz  grains.  There  are  probably  17  feet  more  of  this  sand 
between  the  base  of  the  cut  and  the  level  of  the  creek,  a  total  of  48  feet  of 
excellent  material.  Other  notable  sand  deposits  may  be  found  in  the  north- 
western corners  of  the  Macomb  and  Colchester  quadrangles  and  on  and 
near  Troublesome  Creek.  Near  the  head  of  a  small  draw,  2  miles  north- 
east of  Fountain  Green  (SW.  X/A  NE.  yA  sec.  26,  T.  6  N.,  R.  5  W.),  there 
are  at  least  25  feet  of  pure,  white  and  yellow,  quartz  sand  bearing  a  few 
quartz  and  flint  pebbles.     This  deposit  could  be  removed  very  cheaply. 

Glass  Sand 
Considerable  attention  has  been  drawn  to  the  possibility  of  the  basal 
sandstone  of  the  Pennsylvanian  being  available  as  a  glass  sand,  and  privately 
conducted  tests  are  said  to  have  been  satisfactory.  This  member  is  20 
feet  or  more  thick  in  a  number  of  places  and  consists  of  translucent,  angular, 
quartz  grains  of  medium  and  uniform  size,  with  flakes  of  muscovite  and  a 
few  small  crystals  of  zircon,  apatite,  and  other  minerals.  When  fresh  it  is 
commonly  nearly  white,  but  has  a  thin  reddish  to  dark-colored  coating  on 
exposed  surfaces,  apparently  because  of  oxidized  iron.  This  rock  is  suitable 
for  the  manufacture  of  green  bottle  glass,  and  limestone  (the  St.  Louis) 
that  could  be  used  with  it  in  the  batch  is  also  available.  It  is  doubtful,  how- 
ever, whether  these  deposits  could  compete  with  the  St.  Peter  sandstone 
now  extensively  used  in  north-central  Illinois  and  east-central  Missouri,  as 
the  expense  of  quarrying  and  grinding  would  be  greater  and  the  glass  pro- 
duced probably  restricted  to  only  a  few  varieties. 

Lime 
The  brecciated  St.  Louis  limestone,  25  feet  and  less  thick,  is  a  superior 
stone  for  the  manufacture  of  lime,  as  it  contains  a  very  high  percentage  of 


COLCHESTER  AND  MACOMB  QUADRANGLES  107 

calcium  carbonate.     The  Keokuk  limestone  can  also  be  used,   though  its 
percentage  of  impurities  is  slightly  higher  and  more  variable. 

Cement 

The  properties  of  limestone  and  clay  essential  for  the  successful  pro- 
duction of  Portland  cement  have  been  fully  described  in  Bulletin  No  17  of 
this  Survey  and  in  other  reports  and  need  not  be  mentioned  here.  There 
are  in  Bulletin  17  a  number  of  analyses  of  St.  Louis,  Spergen  ("Salem"), 
and  Keokuk  limestones  that  show  that  they  are  in  greater  part  suitable  for 
cement.  There  are  only  a  few  suitable  clay  or  shale  deposits  outcropping 
near  Keokuk  limestone  exposures,  but  the  St.  Louis  limestone  and  clay  and 
shale  from  the  Pottsville  formation  could  be  obtained  from  adjacent  pits 
near  Colchester  and  Tennessee.  The  shale  in  the  upper  part  of  the  Potts- 
ville and  that  above  coal  No.  2  could  be  used  where  not  too  sandy.  The 
clays  at  the  stoneware-clay  horizon  are  low  in  fluxes  and  might  require  too 
high  a  temperature  for  practical  working  purposes.  Chemical  analyses  of 
these  clays,  already  given  in  the  section  devoted  to  refractory  clay  tests, 
show  that  those  from  north  of  Macomb  (H  44,  H  45,  and  H  46)  have  a  ratio 
of  silica  to  alumina  of  more  than  5  and  are  too  high  in  silica,  that  one  from 
Colchester  (H43)  has  a  ratio  of  only  1.9  and  is  too  low  in  silica,  and  that 
one  from  Colchester  and  one  from  Tennessee  (H  41  and  H  42)  have  ratios 
of  about  3  and  hence  contain  the  two  substances  in  proper  proportion.  The 
proportion  of  silica  to  alumina  may,  however,  be  modified  by  the  composi- 
tion of  the  limestone.  For  instance  if  used  with  a  siliceous  limestone  the 
clay  may  have  a  lower  silica-to-alumina  ratio  than  if  used  with  a  pure 
limestone. 

Iron,  Zinc,  and  Other  Metals 

Ferruginous  nodules  are  common  in  the  Pennsylvania!!  shales,  and 
layers  of  iron  carbonate  appear  at  several  horizons  in  the  Pottsville 
formation.  Worthen  states  that  some  of  these  layers  in  Schuyler  County 
yielded  52  per  cent  protoxide  of  iron.  None  of  them  is  more  than  6  inches 
thick,  however,  and  there  is  little  probability  that  workable  deposits  exist. 

Persistent  rumors  of  the  presence  of  zinc  and  lead  ore  have  caused 
considerable  comment  in  this  region,  but  no  valuable  deposits  were  found 
by  the  writer.  Attention  has  been  drawn  chiefly  to  outcrops  in  a  tributary 
of  Grindstone  Creek  near  the  west  boundary  of  the  Macomb  quadrangle 
(SW.  y4  sec.  28,  T.  4  N.,  R.  3  W.),  where  small  quantities  of  both  lead 
and  zinc  ore  minerals  are  reported  to  have  been  found.  On  this  land  blue- 
black  shale  about  10  feet  thick  lies  30  to  40  feet  below  the  horizon  of  coal 
No.  2  and  is  separated  from  the  St.  Louis  limestone  by  a  few  feet  of  sand- 
stone. This  shale  bears  one  or  two  thin  concretionary  layers  of  dark-blue 
clay  ironstone  covered  with  a  bright-red   coating  on   weathered   surfaces. 


108  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND   1914 

The  interiors  of  many  concretions  are  filled  with  crystals  of  sphalerite  (zinc 
blend  or  "black  jack"),  apparently  deposited  in  shrinkage  fissures.  At  this 
same  horizon,  which  is  approximately  that  of  the  stoneware  clays  of  the 
Pottsville,  there  are  similar  occurrences  of  sphalerite  in  several  localities, 
but  none  that  is  sufficiently  extensive  to  be  of  economic  importance. 

Native  copper  and  even  gold  and  other  valuable  minerals  are  frequently 
found  associated  with  the  pebbles  and  boulders  of  the  glacial  till  and  among 
the  stream  gravels.  As  the  ledges  from  which  these  rocks  were  derived  lie 
far  to  the  north,  beyond  the  State  boundaries,  the  discoveries  have  no  eco- 
nomic significance  beyond  the  intrinsic  value  of  the  individual  specimen. 
The  geodes  contain  a  great  variety  of  minerals  lining  the  hollow  interiors. 
These  minerals  include  quartz,  calcite,  sphalerite,  iron  pyrites,  and  others, 
but  have  no  value  except  for  museum  or  cabinet  specimens. 

Oil  and  Gas 

Pockets  of  gas  in  sandy  portions  of  the  surface  deposits  are  quite  com- 
mon in  Illinois,  and  several  have  been  found  in  this  region.  These  accumu- 
lations are  derived  probably  from  the  decomposition  of  vegetal  matter 
in  the  surface  deposits  themselves  and  do  not  have  any  necessary  connection 
with  deep-seated  oil  or  gas.  They  can  be  used  to  heat  and  light  a  few 
houses,  but  the  yield  is  too  small  for  commercial  purposes.  G.  E.  Flint 
bored  two  wells  at  opposite  corners  of  his  house,  5  miles  south  of  Colches- 
ter (SE.  yA  NE.  yA  sec.  6,  T.  4  N.,  R.  3.W.),  each  87  feet  in  glacial  clay 
and  with  sand  at  the  bottom.  Gas  came  from  the  sand  under  considerable 
pressure  and  was  used  for  cooking  and  lighting  in  Mr.  Flint's  house  for 
more  than  two  years,  until  the  wells  became  choked  with  sand.  A  well  at 
the  Price  and  Gunning  clay  plant  at  Industry  is  reported  to  have  struck 
gas  at  a  depth  of  90  feet  that  was  under  sufficient  pressure  to  throw  mud 
20  feet  into  the  air.  A  few  other  wells  in  the  region  have  encountered 
small  quantities  of  gas  at  shallow  depths,  presumably  in  surface  deposits. 
Complete  and  detailed  reports  on  the  deep  drilling  for  oil  and  gas  in  the 
Colchester  and  Macomb  quadrangles  may  be  found  in  Bulletins  234  and  315 
of  the  Illinois  State  Geological  Survey. 


4Hinds,  Henry,  Oil  and  gas  in  the  Colchester  and  Macomb  quadrangles  :   111.   State   Geol.   Sur- 
vey  Bull.   23,    1917. 

5Morse,  W.  C,  and  Kay,  F.  H.,  The  Colmar  oil  field:   111.  State  Geol.   Survey  Bull.  31,   1915. 


RELATIONS  OF  LOESS  AND  DRIFT  IN 
CANTON  QUADRANGLE 

By  T.  E.  Savage 


OUTLINE 

PAGE 

Introduction    109 

Relations  of  loess  and  drift 109 

Pre-loessial  surface   109 

Loess  on  valley  slopes  Ill 

Significance  of  relations  112 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

PLATE 

III.     Map  of  Canton  quadrangle  showing  the  slope  of  the  Illinoian  drift  sur- 
face when  the  loess  was  laid  down  upon  it 112 

FIGURE 

8.     Bluff  of  loess  along  Mississippi  River  in  Calhoun  County,  Illinois 110 

INTRODUCTION 

A  knowledge  of  the  relations  of  the  loess  to  the  drift  sheet  over  which 
it  lies  in  any  region  is  a  matter  of  great  importance  to  the  proper  under- 
standing of  the  age  of  the  loess  and  of  the  conditions  under  which  it  was 
laid  down.  In  connection  with  the  field  study  of  the  geology  of  the  Canton 
quadrangle,  an  effort  was  made  to  determine  the  relations  which  the  loess 
sustains  to  the  surface  of  the  Illinoian  drift  upon  which  it  rests  in  this 
area,  and  to  learn  whether  certain  low-lying  deposits  of  loess  are  original 
or  secondary.     Figure  8A  shows  a  typical  loess  bluff  along  the  Mississippi. 

The  altitude  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  drift,  and  thus  of  the  lower 
surface  of  the  loess,  wras  obtained  at  a  large  number  of  places  to  determine 
whether  the  surface  of  the  drift  sheet  was  a  nearly  level  plain,  or  whether 
it  had  considerable  relief,  at  the  time  the  loess  mantle  was  spread  upon  it. 
Possible  sources  of  the  low-lying  loess  were  then  considered. 

RELATIONS  OF  LOESS  AND  DRIFT 
Pre-loessial  Surface 

The  altitudes  of  the  top  or  highest  level  at  which  the  drift  was  found 
at  different  points  are  shown  on  the  accompanying  map  (PI.  III).  They 
were  mostly  obtained  from  leveling  up  from  the  outcrop  of  the  loess-drift 
contact  to  bench  marks,  or  other  points  the  elevations  of  which  could  be 

(109) 


110 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


definitely  determined  from  the  topographic  map.  A  few  were  obtained 
from  aneroid  readings,  the  aneroid  being  checked  with  nearby  bench  marks. 
A  few  others  were  obtained  from  the  records  of  water  wells  in  which  the 
depth  to  the  top  of  the  drift  was  definitely  known.     In  general  the  figures 


Fig.  8. — Bluff  of  loess  along  Mississippi  River  in  Calhoun  County,  Illinois. 


indicate  the  highest  elevation  at  which  the  drift  was  found  in  those  places. 
In  order  that  no  exposure  should  be  considered  in  which  the  loess  was  of 
doubtful  character,  no  outcrops  were  included  in  this  study  in  which  the 


LOESS  IN  CANTON  QUADRANGLE  111 

thickness   of  the   fine-grained   pebbleless  material  above  the  drift  did  not 
exceed  two  feet. 

It  may  be  seen  from  the  figures  on  the  map  (PL  III)  showing  the 
elevation  above  sea  level  of  the  top  of  the  drift  beneath  the  loess  in  different 
places  in  the  quadrangle,  that  the  pre-loessial  relief  of  the  area  was  more 
than  150  feet.  The  general  slope  of  the  top  of  the  drift,  beneath  the  loess, 
in  this  region  corresponds  quite  closely  to  the  present  slope  of  the  surface. 
The  main  divide  of  the  region  in  pre-loessial  time,  as  at  present,  extended 
eastward  from  near  the  middle  of  the  west  side  of  the  quadrangle,  past  the 
town  of  Fairview,  and  thence  a  little  north  of  east  between  Farmington  and 
Norris.  From  this  highland  the  surface  declined  southward  along  Copperas 
Creek  as  much  as  100  feet  in  a  distance  of  6  miles.  Along  the  course  of 
Big  Creek,  from  its  sources  in  the  vicinity  of  Norris  to  the  town  of  St. 
David,  the  total  difference  in  the  elevation  of  the  drift  surface  beneath  the 
loess  exceeds  125  feet.  From  the  headwaters  of  Put  Creek,  to  the  place 
where  it  leaves  the  quadrangle  near  the  southwest  corner,  the  drift  surface 
beneath  the  loess  declines  more  than  100  feet.  A  like  difference  in  the 
altitude  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  drift  is  shown  between  the  headwaters 
of  Turkey  and  Coal  creeks  and  the  places  where  they  leave  the  west  border 
of  the  quadrangle.  From  the  sources  of  Littler's  Creek  to  its  junction  with 
Spoon  River,  the  pre-loessial  drift  surface  declined  as  much  as  150  feet. 

Loess  and  Drift  on  Valley  Slopes 

It  may  also  be  seen  from  the  map  (PI.  Ill),  at  places  designated  by 
blue  figures,  that  the  altitude  of  the  upper  limit  of  the  drift,  or  the  lower 
limit  of  the  loess,  on  the  opposite  sides  of  the  same  stream  at  different  places 
is  not  the  same,  but  shows  variations  in  the  following  ways:  (1)  the  base 
of  the  loess  on  opposite  sides  of  the  stream  channel  may  be  at  about  the 
same  altitude,  and  the  loess  does  not  continue  down  the  slope  below  the 
uppermost  exposed  level  of  the  drift  on  either  side;  (2)  the  base  of  the 
loess  on  one  side  of  the  valley  may  be  several  feet  lower  than  it  is  on  the 
opposite  side,  but  on  neither  side  extends  below  the  uppermost  exposed  limit 
of  the  drift;  (3)  the  loess  may  continue  down  the  slope  on  one  side  of  the 
valley  several  feet  lower  than  the  upper  limit  of  the  drift  exposed  near  the 
top  of  the  hill,  extending  almost  or  entirely  to  the  level  of  the  flood  plain. 

Good  exposures  illustrating  condition  No.  1  may  be  seen  in  the  follow- 
ing places : 

1.  Where  the  wagon  road  crosses  Copperas  Creek  a  short  distance  east  of 

Brereton. 

2.  Where  the  wagon  road  crosses  Put  Creek,  near  the  middle   of  sec.  4, 

T.  6  N.,  R.  3  E. 

3.  Where  the  wagon  road  crosses  Coal  Creek,  SE.  ^  sec.  16,  T.  8  N.,  R.  3  E. 


112  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND   1914 

Outcrops  illustrating  condition  No.  2  may  be  seen : 

4.  Where  the  wagon  road  crosses  the  creek  one-half  mile  south  of  Rapatee. 

5.  Where  the  wagon  road   crosses  Littler' s  Creek  along  the   east  side  of 

sec.  36,  T.  9  N.,  R.  3  E. 

6.  Where  the  wagon  road  crosses  Put  Creek  in  the  SE.  ^  sec.  6,  and  along 

the  NE.  side  of  sec.  7,  T.  6  N.,  R.  3  E. 

In  all  the  above-mentioned  localities  the  loess  breaks  off  abruptly  at 
the  top  of  the  hill  and  does  not  extend  down  the  slope  below  the  level  of 
the  highest  exposure  of  the  drift.  In  such  places  the  banks  are  usually 
rather  steep,  and  have  been  undercut  by  the  streams  in  the  process  of  valley 
widening  since  the  main  body  of  the  loess  in  this  region  was  deposited. 

Conditions  described  under  No.  3  are  exposed  in  many  places,  of  which 
the  following  are  representative : 

7.  On  the  east  side  of  Big   Creek,   near  the   middle  of  the   N.   J/2   sec.  9, 

T.  6  N.,  R.  4  E. 

8.  On  the  east  side  of  Put  Creek,  in  the  SE.  }i  sec.  5,  T.  6  N.,  R.  3  E. 

9.  On  the  south  side  of  Coal  Creek,  near  the  middle  of  sec.  19,  T.  8  N., 

R.  3  E. 

In  the  above-mentioned  places  the  loess  continues  down  the  hill  nearly 
or  entirely  to  the  level  of  the  flood  plain,  covering  the  drift  over  the  slope 
to  a  varying  thickness  of  from  3  to  5  or  6  feet.  It  is  usually  thickest  on 
the  crest  of  the  hill;  the  thickness  gradually  decreasing  from  the  top  toward 
the  bottom.  Over  areas  of  considerable  size  as  in  the  vicinity  of  Spoon 
River  in  sees.  19  and  20,  T.  9  N.,  R.  3  E.,  and  in  sec.  24,  T.  9  N.,  R.  2  E., 
loess  and  sand  cover  the  slopes. 

The  places  where  the  loess  continues  down  the  hills  some  distance  below 
the  uppermost  level  of  the  drift  are  always  on  the  east  or  south  banks  of 
the  larger  streams.  In  such  places  the  slopes  are  also  rather  gentle  and  the 
adjacent  flood-plain  areas  have  considerable  width. 

Significance  of  Relations 

In  the  places  where  the  loess  breaks  off  abruptly  near  the  top  of  the 
hill  and  does  not  extend  down  the  slope  below  the  level  of  the  top  of  the 
drift,  it  is  thought  that  the  streams  have  undercut  their  banks  and  thus 
widened  their  valleys  since  the  time  of  major  deposition  of  the  loess.  In 
this  process  the  loess  that  was  deposited  on  the  earlier  slopes  was  removed 
as  the  work  of  valley  widening  by  side  cutting  of  the  streams  was  accom- 
plished. At  these  localities  the  undercutting  has  taken  place  so  recently 
that  the  banks  are  still  steep,  and  no  appreciable  amount  of  loess  has  since 
been  deposited  upon  them. 

In  most  places  where  the  loess  continues  down  the  hills  for  a  consider- 
able distance  below  the  top  of  the  drift,  the  slopes  are  long  and  gentle,  a 
condition  that  indicates  that  undercutting  has  not  been  in  progress  there 
for  a  long  time. 


II 


BULLETIN  NO.  30,  PLATE  HI 


T.6  N. 


90' 00 


46"  30' 


A      Outcrop 
*      Drill   hole 
6TS    Elevation  of  loess- drift  contact 


it. 


LOESS  IN  CANTON   QUADRANGLE  113 

There  are  two  possible  ways  in  which  the  presence  of  the  loess  over 
the  slopes  below  the  top  of  the  drift  may  be  explained:  (1)  The  loess  may 
be  assumed  to  have  been  brought  down  from  higher  levels  by  slumping  and 
sheet  wash;  and  (2)  it  may  be  assumed  to  have  been  carried  up  by  the  winds 
from  adjacent  flood-plain  areas  and  deposited  on  the  slopes  where  it  is. now 
found.  By  the  first  assumption  practically  all  the  loess  on  such  slopes  would 
be  of  secondary  origin ;  whereas  by  the  second,  the  loess  would  be  largely 
in  its  original  position. 

The  first  hypothesis  is  thought  to  be  inadequate,  although  slumpings  or 
landslides  are  very  common  along  the  steeper  slopes  in  this  region,  especially 
in  places  where  the  drift  rests  upon  Pennsylvanian  shale.  Such  slides  or 
slumps  were  doubtless  important  factors  in  the  development  of  gentle  slopes 
after  the  undercutting  of  the  streams  was  discontinued.  Almost  everywhere 
that  the  slides  have  occurred  in  recent  time,  both  the  loess  and  the  underlying 
drift  are  involved,  the  slips  extending  down  several  feet  below  the  base  of 
the  loess.  These  landslides  result  in  a  series  of  step-like  offsets  along  the 
slopes  from  5  or  6  feet  to  as  much  as  16  or  18  feet  high.  In  the  development 
of  a  rather  uniform  incline  from  such  a  terraced  series  of  slipped  masses, 
typical  loess-covered  slopes  are  not  now  being  produced,  for  as  the  materials 
are  washed  down  from  the  steep  walls  away  from  which  the  slipped  masses 
have  moved  and  lodge  on  the  flat  tops  of  the  slumped  bodies,  there  is  a 
rather  intimate  mixing  of  loess  with  drift.  Thus  the  material  in  the  upper 
portion  of  these  slopes  comes  to  consist  of  fine  and  coarse  particles  and  occa- 
sional pebbles  derived  from  the  loess  and  from  the  drift.  It  certainly  should 
not  be  classed  as  normal  loess. 

If  it  is  assumed  that  the  loess  over  the  slopes  was  brought  down  from 
the  hill  tops  after  the  gradual  slopes  had  been  developed  by  sheet  wash  and 
by  slips,  which  did  not  extend  so  deep  as  the  drift,  there  is  encountered  the 
difficulty  of  finding  the  place  from  which  the  loess  was  removed.  The 
thickness  of  the  loess  at  the  tops  of  the  hills  is  just  as  great  in  the  places 
where  it  continues  down  the  slope  to  the  floodplain,  as  it  is  in  the  places 
where  it  does  not  extend  below  the  highest  level  of  the  drift.  An  immense 
quantity  of  material  would  be  required  to  cover  a  slope  one-eighth  to  one- 
half  mile  in  length,  to  a  depth  from  3  to  6  feet;  yet  there  is  no  trace  of 
diminution  in  the  thickness  or  amount  of  loess  at  the  tops  of  the  hills  in 
such  localities. 

Supporting  the  view  that  the  loess  occurring  on  the  slopes  below  the 
highest  level  of  the  drift  is  largely  an  original  deposit,  is  the  position  of  such 
slopes  related  to  the  flood-plains  of  streams  and  to  the  prevailing  winds. 
Such  loess  deposits  in  the  quadrangle  are  found  only  on  the  east  and  south 
or  southeast  banks  of  the  larger  streams.  Thus  the  westerly  or  northwest- 
erly winds  would  blow  for  some  distance  over  a  river  flat  of  considerable 
width  before  they  encounter  the  opposing  bank  where  such  deposits   are 


114  BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND   1914 

found.  In  the  vicinity  of  Spoon  River  near  the  northwest  corner  of  the 
quadrangle,  the  pebbleless  material  that  covers  the  drift  consists  of  sand  as 
well  as  loess.  The  only  adequate  source  of  sand  that  can  be  seen  in  this 
region  is  the  adjacent  flood-plain  of  Spoon  River  to  the  westward,  and  this 
sandy  alluvium  would  yield  an  abundant  supply  both  of  sand  and  finer 
loess  material.  There  seems  no  doubt  that  the  sand  and  loess  occurring 
above  the  drift  over  the  slopes  and  on  the  tops  of  the  hills  to  the  east  and 
south  of  the  valley  of  Spoon  River  were  gathered  by  winds  from  the  flood- 
plain  of  this  river  and  deposited  over  the  slopes  where  they  now  occur. 

The  general  conditions  in  the  vicinity  of  loess-covered  slopes  in  other 
portions  of  the  quadrangle  are  very  similar  to  those  that  obtain  in  the  vicinity 
of  Spoon  River.  The  similarity  extends  to  the  gentle  character  of  the 
slopes ;  to  the  position  of  the  slopes  on  the  east  or  south  banks  of  the  larger 
streams ;  to  areas  of  flood-plain  favorable  for  the  supply  of  the  loess  mate- 
rial ;  and  to  the  relations  of  the  loess  to  the  underlying  drift.  These  facts 
together  with  the  lack  of  any  trace  of  removal  or  diminution  in  the  quan- 
tity of  the  loess  material  at  the  tops  of  the  hills  in  such  places,  make  it 
practically  certain  that  the  loess  occurring  on  the  slopes  below  the  upper- 
most level  of  the  drift  has  been  mostly  deposited  by  winds  since  the  present 
gentle  gradient  of  the  slopes  was  developed,  and  that  it  is  largely  in  its 
original  position. 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 

(Compiled  in  cooperation  with  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey) 


The  purpose  of  the  following  list  is  primarily  to  describe  the  elevations 
above  sea  level  shown  on  the  base  map  of  Illinois  published  by  the  Illinois 
State  Geological  Survey,  the  latest  edition  being  that  of  1914.  As  several 
quadrangles  have  been  carefully  surveyed  since  that  date,  this  list  substi- 
tutes the  more  exact  elevations  established  at  the  towns  in  these  areas  and 
contains  all  corrections  and  new  data  available  up  to  January  1,  1917. 

By  far  the  larger  number  of  the  elevations  given  in  the  following  list 
are  derived  from  the  careful  study  of  railroad  profiles,  and  their  adjust- 
ment to  lines  of  levels  run  by  surveys.  In  this  adjustment  the  intersections 
of  the  railroads  with  one  another  have  been  used  to  the  fullest  possible  ex- 
tent. Nearly  every  railroad  in  the  State  is  represented,  and  most  of  them 
by  a  very  complete  list  of  heights.  Unless  otherwise  specified  the  altitude 
of  a  town  determined  from  a  railroad  profile  is  that  of  the  track  opposite 
the  passenger  station. 

The  exact  elevations  in  this  list  are  those  determined  by  the  U.  S. 
Geological  Survey  and  Illinois  State  Geological  Survey  in  cooperation 
(U.  S.  G.  S.),  the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  (C.  and  G.  S.),  the  U.  S. 
Engineer  Corps,  (Engineer  Corps),  the  Mississippi  River  Commission  (Miss. 
River  Com.),  and  the  U.  S.  Lake  Survey  (U.  S.  L.  S.)  Most  of  the 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey  elevations  used  here  and  on  the  base  map  are  the 
regular  bench  marks  that  consist  of  bronze  or  aluminum  tablets  on  buildings 
or  iron  posts  driven  deeply  into  the  ground.  These  are  absolutely  permanent, 
and  by  law  can  not  be  destroyed  or  disturbed.  In  certain  towns  along  the 
lines  of  levels  run  by  the  Survey  no  bench  marks  have  been  established,  but 
exact  elevations  of  the  top  of  the  rail  in  front  of  the  stations  have  been 
accurately  determined.  In  each  of  such  cases  this  rail  elevation  has  been 
chosen  for  the  altitudes  for  use  in  those  towns,  but  it  must  be  understood 
that  this  figure  is  subject  to  slight  error,  as  this  is  not  a  permanently  estab- 
lished mark.     Three-place  figures  arc  only  approximate. 

Abbreviations  of  names  of  railroads 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry Atchison,   Topeka  and   Santa  Fe  Railway 

B.  &  O.  R.  R Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad 

C.  I.  &  S.  R.  R Chicago,  Indiana  and  Southern  Railroad 

C.  B.  &  Q.   Ry Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railway 

C.  C.  &  L.  R.  R Chicago,  Cincinnati  and  Louisville  Railroad 

C.  I.  &  L.  Ry Chicago,  Indianapolis  and  Louisville  Railway 

C.  G.  W.  Ry Chicago  Great  Western  Railway 

(115) 


116 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND   1914 


Abbreviations  of  names  of  railroads — Concluded 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul  Railway 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry Cincinnati,  Hamilton  and  Dayton  Railway 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R Chicago  and  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad 

C.    S.   Ry Chicago  Southern  Railway 

C.  &  I.  M.  Ry Chicago  and  Illinois  Midland  Railway 

C.  I.  &  S.  R.  R Chicago,  Indiana  and  Southern  Railroad 

C.  &  W.  I.  R.  R Chicago  and  Western  Indiana  Railroad 

C.  P.  &  St.  L.  Ry Chicago,  Peoria  and  St.  Louis  Railway 

C.  P.  &  W.  Ry Chicago,  Peoria  and  Western  Railway 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry Chicago,  Rock  Island  and  Pacific  Railway 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry Chicago  and  North  Western  Railway 

C.  &  A.  Ry Chicago  and  Alton  Railway 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. ..  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  and  St.  Louis  Railway 

D.  R.   I.  &  N.  W.  Ry. .  Davenport,  Rock  Island  and  Northwestern  Railway 

E.  J.  &  E.  Ry Elgin,  Joliet  and  Eastern  Railway 

G.  T.  Ry Grand  Trunk  Railway 

la.    C.    Ry Towa  Central  Railway 

I.  S.  Ry Illinois  Southern  Railway 


I.  C.  R.  R. 
L.  E.  &  W 
L.  S.  &  M 
L.  &  N. 
L.  &  M. 
M.  C.  R 
M.  &  O. 
N.  Y.  C. 
Pa.   Co. 


Illinois  Central  Railroad 

Lake  Erie  and  Western  Railroad 

S.   Ry Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  Railway 

Nashville  Railroad 
Madison  Railway 
Michigan  Central  Railroad 

R.  R Mobile  and   Ohio  Railroad 

&  St.  L.  R.  R..New  York,  Chicago  and  St. 
Pennsylvania  Company 


R.  R.. 

S.  Ry. 

R.  R Louisville  and 

Ry Litchfield  and 

R 


Louis  Railroad 


P.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry.  ...  Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railway 

P.  &  P.  U.  Ry Peoria  and  Pekin  Union  Railway 

Q.  O.  &  K.  C.  R.  R Quincy,  Omaha  and  Kansas  City  Railroad 

So.    Ry Southern  Railway 

St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry....St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railway 

St.  L.  S.  W.  Ry St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R.... Toledo,  St.  Louis  and  Western  Railroad 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry Toledo,  Peoria  and  Western  Railway 

Van.  R.  R Vandalia  Railroad 

W.  R.  R Wabash  Railroad 

W.  C.  &  W.  R.  R Wabash,  Chester  and  Western  Railroad 

W.   C.   Ry Wisconsin  Central  Railway 

Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above  sea 

level 


Abingdon   C.   B.  &  Q.   Ry. 

Adair    C.   B.   &  Q.   Ry. 

Addieville    L.  &  N.  R.  R. 

Addison     I.   C.   R.   R. 

Adeline,  copper  bolt  in  foundation  of  elevator.  C.  and  G.  S. 


Feet 
728 
647 
467 
689 
750.933 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IX  ILLINOIS 


117 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  citv 


Authoritv 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Feet 

Adrian    

C.  B.  &  Q.  Rv. 

705 

Advance     

C.  H.  &  D.  Rv. 

581 

Albany,   copper  bolt  in   foundation  of  Harper 

and  Son's  building 

C.  and  G.  S. 

595.968 

Albers,  tablet  on  Louis  Fovtman's  house 

C.  and  G.  S. 

444.477 

Albion    

So.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

447 

Alderson    

481 

Aldridge    

I.  C.  R.  R. 

360 

Aledo    

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

739 

Alexis,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 

695.13 

Alhambra    

I.  C.  R.  R. 

566 

Allendale     

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 
Van.  R.  R. 

456 

Allentown    

681 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

654 

Allerton,  Vermilion  County 

698 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Rv. 

838 

Alpha,  iron  post  600  feet  north  of  station 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

806.038 

Alpine     

W.  R.  R. 

697 

Alsev    

C.  B.  &  Q.  Rv. 

637 

Alta 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 
Van.  R.  R. 

751 

Altamont   

623 

Alton,    copper    bolt    in    doorstep    of    German 

Catholic  Church    

C.  and  G.  S. 

486.740 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

759 

Alto  Pass    

M.  &  0.  R.  R. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

748 

663 

Alworth     

896 

752 

America   

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Rv. 

350 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Rv. 

776 

Ancona     

630 

Andalusia,  tablet  on  step  of  Baptist  Church.. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

567.586 

Anderson 

C.  &  A.  Rv. 

645 

C.  P.  &  St.  L.  Rv 

U.   S.  G.  S. 

583.9 

of  Otrich's  drug  store 

C.    and   G.   S. 

629.421 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Rv. 

626 

Antioch,   Lake   Countv 

W.  C.  R.  R. 

770 

Apple  River,  tablet  on  concrete  walk,  at  NE. 

corner  Railroad  and  Main  streets 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

995.536 

Appleton    

A   T   &  S    F   Rv 

606 

Areola    

Van.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Rv. 

681 

487 

Argenta    

I.  C.  R.  R. 

690 

Are^o       

C   M   &  St   P   Rv 

644 

Arlington     

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

762 

118 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND  1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Arlington  Heights,  tablet  on  old  high  school . . 

Armstrong    

Aroma    

Arpee    

Arrowsmith    

Arthur    

Ashgrove,  geodetic  station    

Ashkum     

Ashland    

Ashley,  capstone  of  southeast  wall  of  I.  C.  R. 

R.  culvert  No.  212  near  alley 

Ashmore    

Ashton   

Assumption     

Astoria     

Athens,  tablet  on  city  hall 

Atkinson    

Atlanta     

Atterberry,  tablet  on  Koppleen's  elevator 

Attila,  iron  post  at  two-story  church 

Atwater     

Atwood    

Auburn    

Augusta     

Ava,  iron  post  in  station  grounds 

Avon,  iron  post  and  street  intersection  at  SW. 

cor.  NW.  V4  SE.  y4  sec.  19,  T.  8  N.,  R.  1  E. 

Ayers    

Bader    

Baileyville     

Baker    

Baldwin   

Barclay    

Barco    

Bardolph   

Barnes    

Barnett     

Barnhill   

Barrington    

Barrow     

Barry    

Barstow     

Bartelso,    iron    post    near    H.     F.    Johnson's 

saloon  

Bartlett,  copper  bolt  in  east  foundation  of 
Congregational  Church  (U.  S.  E.  C.  B. 
M.  89)    


U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R. 

Van.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  L.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  and  G.  S. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
M.  &  O.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
W.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 


C.  and  G.  S. 


Feet 
703.820 
711 
619 
579 
878 
666 
666 
670 
638 

558.765 

693 

817 

644 

662 

605. 78 J 

647 

720 

601.764 

557.930 

635 

667 

628 

672 

604.835 

640.925 

586 

609 

923 

679 

455 

560 

420 

668 

865 

656 

386 

824 

659 

680 

587 

449.572 


804.055 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES   IN   ILLINOIS 


119 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city  Authority 

Basco    C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

Batavia C.   B.   &  Q.   Ry. 

Bates     W.   R.   R. 

Bath,  pipe  in  Public  Square Engineer   Corps 

Baxter    C.  &  E.   I.  R.  R. 

Bayle    City    T.   St.  L.  &  W.   R.   R. 

Baylis     W.   R.   R. 

Beardstown,  copper  bolt  in  door-sill  at  en- 
trance to  Odd  Fellows  building C.  and  G.   S. 

Bearsdale     I.    C.    R.   R. 

Beaucoup     L.  &  N.  R.  R. 

Beecher    C.   &  E.   I.   R.   R. 

Beecher  City    B.  &  O.   R.   R. 

Belknap,  iron  post  120  feet  west  of  station...  U.    S.    G.    S. 

Bellair,  iron  post  at  road   forks  northwest  of 

village     U.    S.   G.    S. 

Belle  Rive  L.  &  N.  R.  R. 

Bellmont,  tablet  on  town  hall U.    S.   G.    S. 

Belvidere     C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

Bement     W.  R.  R. 

Bennett    C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

Bensenville,  copper  bolt  in  foundation  of  C.  A. 

Franz's  store    C.   and  G.   S. 

Benson     A.  T.  &   S.   F.   Ry. 

Bentley     W.  R.  R. 

Benton,     Franklin     County,     tablet    on     Court 

House     U.  S.  G.   S. 

Berdan     C.  &  A.  Ry. 

Berlin,  tablet  on  schoolhouse U.   S.  G.   S. 

Bernice     P.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

Berry    B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

Berwick   la.   C.   Ry. 

Bethalto   C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

Bethany   I.  C.  R.  R. 

Biggs    I.   C.   R.   R. 

Biggsville    C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

Big  Rock C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

Billet,  iron  post  75  feet  northwest  of  station..  U.   S.   G.    S. 

Bingham    T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

Binney,  crossing  C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry I.  C.  R.  R. 

Birds    U.   S.  G.   S. 

Birds   Bridge    C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

Birkbek    I.   C.   R.  R. 

Birkner    L.  &  N.   R.   R. 

Bishop    C  P.  &  St.  L.  R.  R. 

Bishop  Hill    C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

Bismark     C.  &  E.   I.  R.  R. 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Feet 
650 
719 
643 
462 
610 
617 
878 

444.351 

687 

538 

723 

595 

347.021 

549.641 

475 

431.246 

783 

689 

656 

681.157 

765 

671 

475.814 

512 

640.158 

600 

585 

715 

521 

655 

501 

642 

710 

424.203 

600 

620 

439 

546 

748 

568 

500 

786 

666 


120 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Bissell     

Blacks    

Blackstone 

Blanding,  iron  post  opposite  general  store.... 

Blandinsville,  iron  post  700  feet  east  of  station 

Block    

Blodgett     : 

Bloomfield,  iron  post  150  feet  west  of  post- 
office    

Bloomingdale,  tablet  on  Kolbusch  and  Hause- 
minn's  store   

Bloomington,  tablet  on  Court  House 

Blue    Island    

Blue  Mound   

Blue   Point    

Blue  Ridge   

Bluffs    

Bluff  Springs  

Bluford    

Boaz    

Bolivia    

Bolton    

Bondville,  top  of  north  rail  in  front  of  sta- 
tion I.  C.  R.  R 

Bongard     

Bonnie    

Boody     

Boos,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  I.  C.  R.  R. 

Borton,  top  of  rail  at  station  and  crossing  of 
Vandalia  and   C.   H.   &  D.   Rys 

Bosky  Dell    

Boulder    

Bourbon     

Bowen    

Bowes     

Bowman    

Boyleston    

Braceville    

Bradbury     

Bradford   

Bradfordtown    

Braidwoocl    

Breckenridge    

Breeds    

Breese,  tablet  on  St.  Dominic  school 

Brewer     

Brewster    


I.  C.  R.  R. 
W.  R.  R. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 
U.  S.   G.   S. 
U.   S.  G.   S. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R 
A.  T.  &  S.  F 


Ry. 


U.  S.  G.  S. 


Feet 
576 
728 
738 
631 

732.734 
715 
524 

430.771 


U.  S.  G.  S. 

771 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

829.800 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

605 

W.  R.  R. 

620 

W.  R.  R. 

637 

W.  R.  R. 

788 

W.  R.  R. 

467 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

457 

So.  Ry. 

514 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

352 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

604 

C.  G.  W.  Ry. 

817 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

716.2 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

678 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

425 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

668 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

517.4 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

664.9 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

412 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

462 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

664 

W.  R.  R. 

693 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

850 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

675 

So.  Ry. 

427 

C.  &  A.  Rv. 

583 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

610 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

800 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

565 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

581 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

584 

T.  P.  &  W.  R.  R. 

488 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

458.120 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

650 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

448 

DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


121 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Briar  Bluff   

Bridgeport,  tablet  on  F.  W.  Cox's  yellow  brick 

building    

Brighton    

Brimfield    

Brisbane     

Bristol    % 

Broadlands    

Broadwell    

Brocton,   top   of   rail  at  junction  T.   St.  L.   & 

W.  and  C.  H.  &  D.  Rys 

Brokaw    

Brookport    

Brothers     

Broughton,  iron  post  at  L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Station. . 

Brownfield    

Browning    

Browns,  tablet  on  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 

Brownsburg    

Brownstown     

Brownsville,  iron  post  at  railroad  station 

Brubaker     

Bruce    

Brush  Junction    

Bryant    

Bryce    

Buckingham   

Buckley    

Buda   

Budd 

Buena  Vista  

Buffalo   

Buffalo  Hart 

Buncombe,  iron  post   100  feet  north  of  small 

reservoir  at  northeast  edge  of  town 

Bunker  Hill,  tablet  on  monument    

Bureau  Junction   

Burlington    

Burnside    

Burrowsville     

Burton  View    

Bush    

Bushnell,  iron  post  in  southeast  cor.  of  West 

End  Park   

Bushton,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  T.     St. 

L.  &  W.  R.  R 

Butler  


C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.   S.  G.   S. 

St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 

Van.  R.  R. 

U.   S.  G.   S. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

W.  R.  R. 

I.   C.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  I.  &  S.  R.  R.  Co. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

W.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.   B.   &  Q.   Ry. 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

I.   C.   R.   R. 

St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.   S. 

U.   S.  G.  S. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry 


Feet 
588 

448.591 

667 

729 

685 

646 

680 

592 

662.7 

857 

338 

654 

378.546 

344 

450 

402.128 

399 

589 

416.528 

582 

644 

390 

624 

680 

655 

702 

767 

705 

781 

602 

622 

507.9 

668.582 

480 

924 

665 

674 

572 

402 

655.991 

672.6 
626 


3  22 


BIENNIAL  REPORT   FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Byrneville    

Byron,  copper  bolt  in  north  wall  of  Commer- 
cial Hotel    

Caberry      

Cable 

Cadwell    

Cahokia  Ferry  

Cairo,  copper  bolt  in  northeast  wall  of  custom 
house    

Caledonia    

Calhoun   

Calvin,  tablet  on  Union  Church 

Camargo    

Cambria   

Cambridge     

Cameron    

Campbell  Hill 

Camp  Point,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 

Campus    

Canton,  tablet  on  high  school 

Cantrall,  tablet  on  Cooperative  Coal  Company's 
store    

Carbon  Cliff  

Carbondale,  B.  M.  on  sill  of  east  window  of 
Jacob  Baird's  store 

Carlinville  

Carlock    

Carlton     

Carlyle,  iron  post  in  Court  House  yard 

Carman    

Carmi,  tablet  on  step  of  First  Presbyterian 
Church  

Carpenter    

Carriers  Mills    

Carrollton   

Carthage    

Cary     

Casey    

Caseyville,  station  B.  &  O.  R.  R 

Casner    

Cass    

Castleton   

Catlin,  iron  post  195  feet  north  of  station 

Caton    

Catonfarm    

Cayuga     

Cazenovia    


A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

C.   and   G.    S. 
I.   C.  R.  R. 
C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
M.  &  O.  R.  R. 

C.  and  G.  S. 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

I.   C.   R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

I.   C.    R.   R. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 
M.  &  O.  R.  R. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 

W.  R.  R. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

C.  and  G.   S. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R. 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

Van.  R.  R. 

C.  and  G.  S. 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
U.   S.  G.   S. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 
E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 


Feet 
610 

729.482 

700 

672 

670 

407 

317.987 

928 

530 

448.458 

650 

429 

812 

785 

545 

738.05 

653 

654.906 

596.181 
570 

415.625 

627 

773 

887 

460.787 

537 

398.777 

540 

392 

625 

678 

811 

648 

442 

709 

554 

794 

657.396 

720 

624 

696 

774 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


123 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city- 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Centerville     

Centralia,  B.  M.  on  south  windowsill  of  J.  J. 
Pf aff  &  Co.'s  drug  store 

Cerro    Gordo    

Chadwick 

Chalfin  Bridge,  iron  post  at  cross  roads 

Champaign    

Chana     

Chandlerville,  top  of  iron  post  in  back  yard  of 
Mrs.  S.  L.  B.  Chandler's  property 

Channahon,  bolt  in  coping  of  lock  No.  7 

Chapin    

Chapman   

Charleston,  tablet  on  Court  House 

Charlotte    

Charter  Grove  

Chatham    

Chatsworth   

Chatton    

Chauncey,  iron  post  at  northeast  corner  of 
crossroads   

Chebansee   

Cheneyville    

Chenoa     

Cherry  Point   

Cherry  Valley   

Chicago,  copper  bolt  in  doorsill  of  water  tower 
chert's  block 

Chestervale   

Chesterville     

Chestnut    

Chicago,  copper  bolt  in  doorsill  of  water  power 

Chicago  Heights  

Chillicothe,  pipe  near  northwest  corner  of  pub- 
lic  square    

Chipps    

Chrisman     

Christopher,  tablet  on  Christopher  National 
Bank  

Cisco     

Cisne     

Cissna  Junction  

Cissna  Park   

Civer  

Claremont,  station  crossing,  top  of  south  rail.  . 

Clarence  

Clarke  City 


Feet 

E.  J.  &  E.  Ry.  572 

C.  and  G.  S.  494.600 

W.  R.  R.  745 

C.   B.  &  Q.  Ry.  782 

U.  S.  G.  S.  411.545 

I.  C.  R.  R.  740 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  782 

Engineer  Corps  463.755 

Engineer  Corps  522.144 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  631 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  639 

U.  S.  G.  S.  686.536 

I.  C.  R.  R.  668 

I.  C.  R.  R.  875 

C.  &  A.  Ry.  603 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry.  736 

W.  R.  R.  715 

U.  S.  G.  S.  488.708 

I.  C.  R.  R.  674 

L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R.  722 

C.  &  A.  Ry.  722 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry.  656 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry.  737 

C.    and    G.    S.  380.583 

I.  C.  R.  R.  613 

Van.    R.    R.  657 

I.  C.   R.  R.  620 

C.  and  G.   S.  598.479 

E.  J.  &  E.  Ry.  694 

Engineer  Corps  489.873 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R.  664 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry.  643 

U.  S.  G.   S.  443.855 

I.   C.   R.   R.  692 

B.  &   O.   R.   R.  465 

C.  &  E.   I.   R.   R.  690 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R.  684 
T.  P.  &  W.  R.  R.  675 
U.  S.  G.  S.  509.8 
L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R.  762 

T.  C.  R.  R.  592 


124 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  EOR  1913  AND  1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


R, 


Clarksburg    

Clarksdale  

Clay  City,   B.   M.   on  east  abutment  of  R 

bridge  over  Little  Wabash  River 

Clayton,  iron  post  in  school  yard 

Claytonville 

Clements    

Clifton    

Clinton,  tablet  on  Court  House  step 

Cloverdale  

Clores  

Coal   City    

Coal  Valley,  iron  post  300  feet  east  of  station. . 
Coatsburg,  iron  post  500   feet  east   of  station 

and  100  feet  north  of  track 

Coffeen 

Colchester,  point  in  cement  walk  at  bank,  one 

block  north  of  C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  station 

Coles 

Colfax    

Collinsville,     iron     post     opposite     Schmacker( 

Bros',    saloon 

Collison    j 

Colmar,  iron  post  100  feet  west  of  town  hall  I 

at  foot  of  telephone  post 

Colona    

Columbia  

Colusa    

Colvin  Park   

Comer    

Compton    

Conant    

Concord   

Congerville    

Conlogue   

Cooksville    

Cooper   

Cordes 

Cordova,  copper  bolt  in  north  wall  of  W.  G. 

Marshall's  elevator 

Cornell   

Cornland    

Cortland    

Coster 

Coulterville  

Council    Hill,    tablet    on    Methodist    Episcopal 

Church    

Covel    


C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
W.  R.  R. 

C.  and  G.  S. 

U.    S.    G.    S. 

C.   &  E.   I.   R.   R. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

I.   C.  R.   R. 

U.  S.  G.   S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

W.  C.  &  W.  R.  R. 

E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 

U.   S.  G.   S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

U.    S.   G.    S. 
I.   C.  R.   R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.   S. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

U.    S.   G.    S. 

C.   B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

M.  &  O.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

W.   C.   &  W.   R.   R. 

C.    B.   &  Q.   Ry. 

L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

A.   T.   &    S.   F.   Ry. 

I.  S.  Ry. 

C.  and  G.  S. 
W.  R.  R. 
I.  C.   R.  R. 
C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 
E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.    S.   G.    S. 
C.    &    A.    Ry. 


Feet 
618 
623 

428.660 

721.474 

665 

703 

672 

745.923 

763 

391 

562 

629.932 

761 . 148 
634 

698.369 

657 
750 

472.974 
687 

555.672 

598 

490 

653 

855 

616 

970 

480 

609 

742 

722 

774 

816 

507 

595.356 
629 
584 
897 

578 
545 

925.374 
709 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


125 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Cowden    

Cowling,  iron  post  at  R.  R.  station 

Coynes    

Cramer 

Crampton    

Crandall 

Cravat    

Creal  Springs 

Crescent  City  

Creston 

Crete     

Croft    

Cropsey    

Crossville 

Cruger    

Crumbaugh  

Cuba   

Cullom   

Culton    

Curran    

Curtis   

Cushman   

Custer  Park   

Cutler  

Cypress 

Daggetts    

Dahinda  

Dahlgren    

Dakota   

Dallas  City  

Dalton  City 

Dana  

Danforth    

Danvers,  tablet  on  concrete  platform  of  rail- 
road station    

Danville,  tablet  on  Court  House 

Darmstadt  

Daum    

Davis,  Stephenson  County 

Dawson    

Decatur,  B.  M.  at  crossing  N.  Main  St.  &  Wa- 
bash Ry 

Decorra    

Deer  Creek 

Deerfield    

Deer  Grove  

Deer  Park 


T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 

la.    C.    Ry. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

A.   T.  &   S.   F.   Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 

C.   &  N.   W.   Ry. 

C.   &  E.    I.    R.   R. 

C.   &  A.   Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

I.   C.  R.   R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

I.   C.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.   R. 

W.  R.   R. 

C.   &  A.   Ry. 

W.  R.   R. 

W.  R.  R. 

W.   C.  &  W.   R.   R. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

C.    B.    &   Q.    Ry. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

L.  &  N.  R.  R. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

I.    C.    R.    R. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.   S.   G   S. 

U.    S.    G    S. 

M.  &  O.  R.  R. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

W.  R.  R. 

U.    S.   G    S. 
A.   T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 
L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R. 
C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 


Feet 
601 

397.212 
634 
765 
739 
750 
555 
504 
637 
903 
724 
604 
803 
414 
757 
785 
679 
689 
697 
620 
582 
668 
566 
503 
372 
744 
599 
508 
929 
536 
672 
691 
658 

809.268 

601.499 

655 

627 

902 

597 

682.429 

688 

755 

685 

653 

470 


126 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Deers,  iron  post  70  feet  north  of  post  office. . . 

Dekalb    

Delafield    

Deland    

Delavan   

Delhi     

Dell  Abbey  

Delong   

Delrey    

Dennison   

Denny  

Denrock     

Denver  

Depue  

Desoto,  B.  M.  on  south  abutment  of  R.  R. 
bridge  over  Big  Muddy  Creek 

Desplaines,  tablet  on  town  hall  

Dewey    

Dewitt    

Dexter    

Diamond  Lake 

Dickerson    

Dieterich    

Dillsburg   

Dimmick    

Disco,  iron  post  at  north  end  of  town  at  road 
and  railroad  crossing,  10  feet  west  of  fence 
corner  

Divernon   

Divine     

Dixon  

Dollville 

Dolton    

Dongola  

Donnellson    

Donovan    

Dora    

Doran  

Dorchester    

Dorsey    

Douglas    

Downers  Grove  

Downs,  iron  post  360  feet  east  of  R.  R.  station 

Drake    

Dresser     

Drivers     

Dudlev 


U.   S.   G.   S. 

C.   &  N.   W.   Ry. 

L.  &  N.  R.  R. 

I.   C.  R.   R. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  &   A.   Ry. 

E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 

C.   B.  &  Q.   Ry. 

I.    C.    R.    R. 

Van.  R.  R. 

I.    C.   R.    R. 

C.   B.  &  Q.   Ry. 

W.    R.    R. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

C.  and  G.  S. 
U.   S.  G.   S. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
I.    C.   R.   R. 
Van.    R.    R. 
E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 


U.  S.  G. 
I.  C.  R. 
E.  J.  & 
I.  C.  R 
C.  &  E. 
C.  &  E. 
I.  C.  R. 
T.  St.  L 
C.  C.  C. 
Van.  R. 
I.  C.  R. 
C.  C.  C. 
C.  C.  C. 
C.  B.  & 
C.  B.  & 
U.  S.  G. 
C.  &  A. 
T.  St.  L 
L.  &  N. 
C.  C.  C. 


Rv. 


S. 

R. 

E. 

R. 

I.  R.  R. 

I.  R.  R. 

R. 
.  &  W.  R.  R. 
&  St.  L.  Ry. 

R. 
R. 

&  St.  L 

&  St.  L 

Q.  Ry- 

Q.  Ry- 

S. 

Ry. 

.  &  W.  R.  R 
R.  R. 

&  St.  L.  Rv 


Rv. 
Ry. 


Feet 
691.954 
886 

427 
707 
605 
603 
549 
679 
669 
574 
417 
609 
680 
472 

385.672 

642.881 

736 

745 

600 

760 

757 

595 

750 

664 


672.669 

614 

525 

696 

683 

606 

396 

621 

670 

684 

683 

649 

584 

650 

717 

794.255 

546 

603 

443 

715 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


127 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Duncan    

Duncanville     

Dundas,  tablet  on  Dundas  Rolling  Mill 

Dunkel    

Dunlap    

Dunn    

Dunning     

Dupo 

Duquoin,  tablet  on  east  wall  of  Exchange  Bank 

Durand 

Duval    

Dwight     

Earlville  

East   Cape   Girardeau    

East  Carondelet    

East  Dubuque,  circle  cut  on  west  abutment  of 

bridge  of  I.  C.  R.  R.  over  C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. . 

East  Lynn 

East   Peoria    

East  St.  Louis,  plate  on  eastern  pier  of  great 

bridge     

Edelstein    

Eden   

Edgar   

Edgewood   

Edinburg   

Edwards    

Edwardsville   

Effingham    

Egan   

Elburn    

Elco    

Eldena    

Eldorado,  iron  post  near  Grand  Hotel 

Eleanor    

Eleroy    , 

Elgin,  bolt  in  north  wall  of  Borden's  condensed 

milk  factory  

Elizabeth    

Elkhart,  iron  post  at  R.  R.  station 

Elkville,  iron  post  at  R.  R.  station 

Ellery   

Elliott 

Ellis,  Vermilion  County  

Ellisville,     aluminum    tablet    on    bridge    over 

Spoon  River 


C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  C.   C.   &  St.  L.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  M.  &   St.  P.  Ry. 

St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

C.   &   E.   I.   R.   R. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.   B.   &  Q.   Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  and  G.  S. 

L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R. 

T.   P.   &  W.    Ry. 

C.    and    G.    S. 

A.  T.   &   S.   F.   Ry. 
Ta.  C.  Ry. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R.  '  | 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

Van.  R.  R. 

C.   G.  W.   Ry. 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

M.   &  O.   R.   R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.    S.    G.    S. 

la.  C.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
C.  G.  W.   Ry. 
U.   S.  G.   S. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
So.  Ry. 

L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 


Feet 
663 
515 

481.292 
663 
724 
658 
643 
422 

468.427 
774  • 
675 
641 
700 
345 
415 

615.349 

697 

478 

413.973 

781 

737 

645 

570 

594 

519 

554 

591 

819 

848 

373 

805 

387.858 

685 

907 

717.485 

790 

592.492 

400.509 

418 

778 

753 

517.480 


128 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Ellisville   Station,   iron  post  30   feet  north  of 

tank  at  station  

Ellsworth 

Elmhurst   

Elmwood   

El  Paso   

Elvaston,  top  of  rail  at  station  of  T.  P.  &  W. 

Ry 


Elwin    

Elwood     

Emden    

Emery,  tablet  on  concrete  post  near  R.  R.  sta- 
tion     

Emington    

Empire,  iron  post  130  feet  west  of  R.  R.  sta- 
tion     

Enfield    

Enos    

Eola    

Epperson   

Equality,  iron  post  at  L.  &  N.   R.   R.   station 

Erie,  iron  post  in  park  .. 

Ernst    

Esmond    

Essex 

Etherton    

Etna    

Eureka   

Evanston,  tablet  on  entrance  to  city  hall 

Evansville,  tablet  on  concrete  post  near  R.  R. 
station    

Evarts     

Everett,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  C.  M.  & 
St.  P.  Ry 

Ewbanks    

Eylar     

Fairbanks    

Fairbury    

Fairdale     

Fairfield  

Fairgrange,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  T. 
St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R 

Fairland     

Fairman     

Fairmount,  geodetic  station    

Fairmount  Junction,  iron  post  near  R.  R.  sta- 
tion     


U.  S.  G.  S. 
L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R. 
C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.    S.   G.    S. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
C.  &  A.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
W.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

E.  J.  &  E.   Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

C.    G.    W.    Ry. 

W.   R.   R. 

M.  &  O.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

T.   P.  &  W.   Ry. 

U.   S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

Van.    R.    R. 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

B.  &  O.  R.   R. 

U.    S.    G.    S. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
I.   C.   R.   R. 

U.  S.  L.  S. 

U.    S.    G.    S. 


101 


Feet 

524. 

864 

681 

626 

749 


674.74 
718 
646 
590 

688.832 
701 

755.58 

435 

619 

741 

656 

362.219 

588.435 

567 

820 

588 

391 

658 

738 

602.153 

414.375 
840 

680.7 

733 

698 

684 

686 

787 

451 

683.1 
655 
522 
704 

654.522 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


129 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Feet 

Fairview,    iron    post    at    cross    roads    60    feet 

northeast  of  road  intersection  near  station.. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

733.173 

Fall   Creek    

C.   B.   &  Q.  Ry. 

451 

Falmouth 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

548 

Fancher    

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R 
C.   &  A.   Ry. 

R. 

612 

Fancv  Prairie    

620 

Farina    

I.  C.  R.  R. 

578 

Farmdale  

Van.  R.  R. 

537 

Farmer  City,  iron  post  375   feet  east  of  junc- 

tion of  C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Rv.  and  I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

732.510 

Farmersville   

I.   C.   R.   R. 
B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

638 

Farmingdale   

561 

Farmington,  tablet  on  new  ward  school 

U.    S.    G.    S. 

741.533 

Fayette     

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

565 

Fayville    

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

337 

Fenton,  iron  post  near  R.  R.  station 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

602.458 

Ferrell,  top  of   rail   in    front  of   station  Van- 

dalia  R.  R 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

604.8 

Ferris    

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 

685 

Fiatt    

C.   B.   &   Q.   Ry. 

678 

Ficklin    

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

665 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R 

Van.    R.    R. 

C.   &  E    I    R.   R. 

R. 

630 

Filson     

649 

Findlay    

676 

Fisher 

I.    C.    R.    R. 
C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.   &   N.    W.    Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

Ry. 

732 

Fithian     

665 

Flag  Center   

830 

Flagg    

782 

Flanagan   

676 

Flat  Rock   

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 
C.  and  G.  S. 

478 

Flora,  B.  M.  on  windowsill  of  school  house.. 

489.827 

Floraville,    iron   post   at    southeast    corner   of 

school  house  at  southeast  edge  of  town 

U.   S.   G.    S. 

527.640 

C.   M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

W.    R.    R. 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 

848 

Foosland    

734 

688 

Forsyth,  tablet  on  concrete  post  at  R.  R.  station 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

678.736 

Fort  Gage  

St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S. 

Ry. 

384 

Fountain,   iron  post  200   feet  west   of   R.    R 

U.  S.  G.   S. 

405.975 

Fountain  Bluff    

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

369 

677 

Fountain    Green,    chiseled    square    in    concrete 

walk,    northeast    corner    of    street    crossing. 

opposite  Woodman's  Hall   

U.  S.  G.  S. 

682.10 

Fowler,  iron  post  1,000  feet  east  of  station  and 

200  feet  north  of  track  

U.  S.  G.  S. 

725.294 

130 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Fox   

Fox  Lake    

Frankfort    : 

Franklin    

Franklin  Grove 

Franklin  Park   

Frederick     

Freeburg    

Freeport    

French  Village 

Friendsville,  tablet  on  Dr.  C.  S.  Couch's  house 

Frontenac    

Fruit 

Fulton,    copper    bolt   in    south    foundation    of 

Northern  Illinois  College 

Funkhouser  

Funks  Grove   

Galatia,  tablet  on  rolling  mill 

Gale     

Galena,    iron    post    in    station    grounds    of    C. 

B.  &  Q.  Ry 

Galena  Junction,  tablet  on  south  pier  of  C.  B 

&  Q.  Ry.  bridge  over  Galena  River 

Galesburg    

Galesville     . 

Galton    

Galva 

Garber    

Garden  Plain 

Garden  Prairie    

Gardner 

Gards  Point,  iron  post  at  Lick  Prairie  Church 

Garfield    — 

Garrett   

Gays 

Geneseo 

Geneva     

Genoa,  copper  bolt  in  doorsill  of  building  on 

Main  and  Emmett  streets 

Georgetown    

Gerald    

Gerlaw,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 

Germantown,  tablet  on  Boniface  School 

German  Valley 

Gibson    — 

GifTord     

Gilberts 


C.   B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.   M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

E.   J.   &   E.   Ry. 

C.   B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.    &    N.    W.    Ry. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

I.    C.   R.    R. 

C.   M.   &   St.    P.   Ry. 

L.  &  N.   R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.   S. 

E.   J.   &   E.   Ry. 

T.   St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

C.  and  G.   S. 
Van.  R.  R. 
C.    &  A.    Ry. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

A.    T.    &   S.    F.    Ry. 

W.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

W.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  N.   W.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.   Ry. 

U.   S.   G.   S. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

C..R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.   and   G.    S. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.   G.  W.   Ry. 

I.   C.   R.   R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  N.  W.   Ry. 


Feet 
663 
745 
764 
682 
810 
646 
443 
515 
760 
440 

481.972 
709 
536 

597.584 

584 

694 

398.149 

343 

603.191 

606.212 

758 

722 

655 

849 

811 

707 

781 

590 

433.728 

669 

675 

756 

639 

720 

838.695 

676 

734 

735.95 

432.236 

811 

753 

810 

898 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


131 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Gilbirds,  iron  post  350  feet  north  of  school- 
house    

Gilchrist  

Gillespie,  square  on  concrete  doorstep  of  Gil- 
lespie National  Bank  Bldg 

Gillum,  iron  post  75  feet  west  of  R.  R.  station 

Gilman   

Gilmer    

Gilson     

Girard 

Gladstone    

Glasford    

Glenarm     

Glen  Avon 

Glen  Carbon  

Glencoe    

Glenellyn,  tablet  on  high  school  building 

Glenview    

Glenwood    

Godfrey   

Golden     

Golconda   

Goodenow  

Goodfield     

Goodhope,  iron  post  100  feet  east  and  100  feet 
south  of  station    

Goodrich    

Goodwine    

Gordon     

Goreville    

Gorham    

Gossett  

Grafton,  copper  bolt  in  step  at  entrance  to 
Allen  Bldg 

Grand  Chain,  iron  post  180  feet  north  of  sta- 
tion  

Grand  Ridge    

Grand   Tower    

Granger   

Granite  City,  southwest  corner  of  foundation 
of  signal  tower  opposite  Union  Station  (city 
B.  M.)    

Grant  Park  

Grantsburg    

Granville,  iron  post  at  cross-roads  and  cross- 
ing of  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.,  near  elevator. . . . 

Grape  Creek  


U.   S.  G.   S. 

C.   B.   &  Q.   Ry. 

U.   S.  G.   S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

E.   J.   &  E.   Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.   R. 

I,   C.   R.   R. 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

C.  &  N.   W.   Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.   B.   &  Q.    Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  I.  &  S.  R.  R. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.   R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  E.   I.  R.  R. 

St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

C.  and  G.   S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 


U.  S.  G.  S. 

425.888 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

697 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

357 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

688.060 

C.  &  E.  I.  R. 

R. 

534 

Feet 

662.068 
782 

660.35 

820.416 

654 

810 

687 

674 

543 

615 

602 

788 

470 

673 

766.058 

635 

628 

611 

717 

347 

740 

744 

714.516 

636 

660 

489 

715 

370 

416 

446.097 

404.523 
652 
370 
785 


132 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND  1914 


Town  or  city 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 

Authority 


Grassland,  iron  post  100  feet  east  of  P.  O. 

Graymont    

Grays  Lake  

Greendale,  station  B.  &  O.  S.  W 

Greenfield    

Green  Oak 

Green  River   

Greenup,    top    of    rail    at    crossing    I.    C.    and 

Vandalia  railroads 

Green  Valley    

Greenview     

Greenville    

Greenwich     

Gridley   

Griffith    

Griggsville     

Grinnell,  iron  post  in  school  yard 

Grove    

Groveland,  tablet  on  Baptist  Church 

Grubbs    

Gurnee    

Gurney     

Guthrie     

Hadley   

Hagaman,  crossing  C.  &  A.  Ry 

Hagarstown    

Hagener     

Haldane     

Half  Day,  tablet  on  school  house 

Hallidayboro,  top  of  rail  at  crossing  just  south 

of  station  I.  C.  R.  R 

Hamilton     

Hammond     

Hampshire,  copper  bolt  in  west  wall  of  P.  O. 
Hampton,  copper 'bolt  in   southeast  corner  of 

school  house  

Hanna    

Hanover,  iron  post  at  Hanover  Hotel 

Hanover  Station  

Hanson    

Hardinville,  iron  post  just  north  of  Christian 

Church   

Harlem 

Harmon   

Harness    

Harper   

Harrisburg    


U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.   M.   &   St.    P.   Ry. 

C.  and  G.   S. 

C.   &   A.   Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.   S. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

Van.    R.    R. 

C.  I.  &  S.  R.  R. 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 

Van.  R.  R. 

W.   R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.    M.   &   St.   P.   Ry. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
W.   R.  R. 

C.  P.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 
Van.   R.   R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.   Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.   S.  G.   S. 
T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 
C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 
C.  and  G.  S. 

C.  and  G.   S. 
la.   C.   R.   R. 
U.    S.    G.    S. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.   Ry. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 


Elevation 

above 

sea  level 

Feet 

434.306 

657 

799 

520 

584 

725 

578 

553.9 

541 

537 

563 

630 

752 

571 

695 

366.669 

459 

778.768 

392 

677 

597 

815 

761 

517 

530 

481 

904 

667.628 

407.4 
515 
677 
900.349 

580.601 

732 

632.215 

611 

648 

510.903 
617 

674 
563 
939 
366 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IX   ILLINOIS 


133 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Harrisonville,  iron  post  .5  miles  north  of  cross- 
ing of  main  roads,  400  feet  north  of  cross- 
roads      

Harristown   

Hartsburg   

Harvel    

Harvey     

Hastings    

Havana,  bolt  in  east  pier  of  steel  highway 
bridge  over  Illinois  River  (U.  S.  E.  C.  B. 
M.)    

Hayes   

Hazel  Dell 

Hazelhurst    

Healey    

Heman     

Henderson     

Hendrix     

Henkel     

Hennepin,  iron  post  in  Court  House  grounds. . 

Henning     

Henry     

Henton     

Herald,  iron  post  at  schoolhouse  

Herbert    

Herborn 

Hermon   

Herrick    

Herrin    

Hersher   

Hersman,  iron  post  120  feet  south  of  station.. 

Hervey  City  

Heyworth    

Hickman    

Hickory  Grove,  Carroll  County    

Hidalgo,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  I.  C. 
R.  R 

Highland,  tablet  on  First  National  Bank 

Highland   Park    

Highwood   

Hildreth,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  C.  H. 
&    D.    Ry 

Hillery    

Hillsdale,  iron  post  at  C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  station. . 

Hillview 

Hinckley    

Hindsboro     


Feet 


Miss.  River  Com. 

398.594 

W.  R.  R. 

693 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

598 

W.  R.  R. 

639 

G.  T.  Ry. 

608 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

686 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

451.360 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

609 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

612 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

846 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

718 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

614 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

817 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

795 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

856 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

505.407 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

690 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

491 

C.  &  E.  I.  Ry. 

623 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

429.940 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

868 

W.  R.  R. 

638 

la.  C.  Ry. 

654 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

604 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

405 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

661 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

694.628 

Van.  R.  R. 

697 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

747 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

677 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

701 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

583.1 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

544.680 

C.  &  X.  W.  Ry. 

691 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

684 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

714.3 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

651 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

578.246 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

446 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

740 

Van.  R.  R. 

652 

134 


BIENNIAL  REPORT   FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Hites     

Hoffman,  iron  post  200  feet  west  of  railroad 

station    

Holcomb    

Holder    

Holland      

Holliday     

Homberg   

Homewood    

Honey  Bend  

Honey  Creek   

Hoodville    

Hookdale 

Hoopeston     

Hopedale     

Horace     

Hornsby 

Horton     

Houston,  top  of  rail  at  road  crossing  by  I.  C. 

R.   R 

Howardton     

Hoyleton    

Hubbard    

Hudgens    

Hudson    

Huey,   iron   post   at   crossing   of   railroad   and 

road  near  railroad  station   

Hughes    

Hulls     

Humboldt      

Hume    

Hum  rick    

Hunt  City   

Huntley    

Hutsonville,  center  of  chiseled  square  on  step 

of  public  school  building  

Illinoi    

Illiopolis     , 

Ina 


Indianola 
Tola    


Iowa  Junction,  Henderson  County 

Irene     

Iron,  iron  post  at  northeast  corner  of  junction, 
5  feet  west  of  southwest  corner  of  ware- 
house     

Irving   


Elevation 

Authority 

above 

sea  level 

Feet 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

704 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

456.185 

C.  G.  W.  Ry. 

827 

L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R. 

836 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

616 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

596 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

364 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

659 

W.  R.  R. 

762 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

690 

L.  &  N.  R.  R. 

437 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

512 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

717 

C.  &  A.  Rv. 

646 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

650 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

666 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

450 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

439.0 

St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 

365 

I.  S.  Ry. 

523 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

490 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

494 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

768 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

453.861 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

658 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

448 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

664 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

651 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

651 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

529 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

888 

C.  and  G.  S. 

451.489 

C.  I.  &  S.  R.  R. 

631 

W.  R.  R. 

607 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

432 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

672 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

514 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

552 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

821 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

462.896 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

652 

DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


135 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Irwin    

Itasca    

Iuka,  station  B.  &  O.  R.  R 

Ivesdale   

Jacksonville    

Jamaica,  iron  post  145  feet  northwest  of  rail- 
road station    

Jamesburg 

Janesville     

Jerseyville   

Jewett 

Johnston   City    

Joliet,  bolt  in  south  wall  of  Court  House 

Jonesboro    

Joppa    

Joppa  Junction    

Joslyn,  iron  post  in  W.  H.  Whiteside's  yard.. 

Joy    

Kane   

Kangley    

Kankakee    

Kansas   

Kappa  

Karnak,  iron  post  in  grove  115  feet  south  of 
depot  

Kasbeer    

Kaskaskia    

Kau  f man   

Keene   

Keensburg,  tablet  on  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church   

Keithsburg,  copper  bolt  in  step  at  entrance  to 
furniture  store,  Main  and  2d  streets 

Kell   


Keller   

Kemp    

Kemper    , 

Kempton    

Kenner,  station  B.  &  O.  R.  R 

Kenney     

Kent    

Kernan     

Kerrick    

Kewanee    

Kilbourne,  tablet  on  McFadden's  elevator. 

Kinderhook     

Kingman 


I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

C.  and  G.  S. 

W.  R.  R. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

Van.   R.   R. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

Engineer  Corps 

M.  &  O.  R.  R. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

U.    S.    G.    S. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  B.  &  O.  Ry. 

L.  &  N.  R.  R. 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

So.  Ry. 

U.    S.   G.    S. 

C.  and  G.  S. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

Van.    R.    R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  and  G.  S. 

I.   C.   R.  R. 

C.   G.   W.   Ry. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.    S.    G.    S. 

W.  R.  R. 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Feet 
665 
694 
518 
683 
607 

677.913 

685 

693 

654 

587 

423 

545.184 

523 

335 

342 

582.343 

682 

566 

638 

631 

713 

739 

339.881 
746 
409 
543 

444 

430.072 

539.899 

610 

801    ' 

645 

556 

733 

505 

652 

897 

671 

853 

853 

495.565 

471 

632 


136 


BIENNIAL  REPORT   FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 
Town  or  city  Authority 


Kings,   Ogle  County   

Kings,  Perry  County 

Kingston    

Kingston    Mines,    copper    bolt    in    water    table 

of  J.  Chapman's  store    

Kinmundy  

Kirkland,  copper  bolt  in  foundation  of  Dean  & 

Rowen's  bank    

Kirksville     

Kirkwood    

Kishwaukee    

Kittredge     

Knox    

Knoxville     

Koster    

Kumler 

Laclede     

Lacrosse     

Ladd   

Lafayette  

La  Fox 

Lagrange   

LaHarpe,  iron  post  0.1  mile  west  of  station  on 

north    side    of    railroad    at    intersection    of 

street  and  railroad  property  line 

La  Hogue 

Lake  Bluff 

Lake  City    

Lake    Forest,    iron    post    at    southeast    corner 

City  Hall  grounds   

Lake  Fork 

Lake  Villa  

Lakewood    

Lake  Zurich   

Lamoille     

Lancaster,  tablet  on  Lutheran  Church 

Lane    

Lanesville    

Lansing    

Laplace     

La   Prairie    

Larchland,  iron  post  450  feet  north  of  station 

La  Rose  

Larue    

La  Salle,  square  on  top  of  south  wall  of  Lock 

No.  15 

Latham 


C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

C.  and  G.   S. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

C.   and   G.    S. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

W.  B.  R.  R. 

C.  M.  &  St.   P.  Ry. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

C.   B.   &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 

C.   B.  &  Q.   Ry. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 


U.    S.    G.    S. 
T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 
C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 
Van.   R.   R. 

U.   S.   G.    S. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
W.   C.  Ry. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 
E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
U.    S.    G.    S. 

I.   C.   R.   R. 

W.  R.  R. 

P.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

C.    B.    &   Q.    Ry. 

U.    S.   G.    S. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 

Engineer  Corps 
I.  C.  R.  R. 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 

Feet 

890 

536 

793 

804.981 
595 

774.820 

676 

742 

730 

855 

680 

777 

634 

737 

569 

645 

653 

797 

803 

645 


691.414 
664 
683 
691 

912.913 

607 

796 

621 

873 

803 

494.784 

726 

598 

618 

712 

707 

734.421 

643 

364 

448.400 
616 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


137 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Latham  Park  

Laura    

Laurette  

Lawndale,  iron  post  near  railroad  station 

Lawrenceville,  iron  post  in  Court  House  yard 
Leaf  River,  copper  bolt  in   foundation   of   D. 

Sprecher's  elevator 

Leaman    

Lebanon,    B.    M.    on   basement    windowsill   of 

school  house  

Ledford   

Lee    

Leeds    

Leithton  

Leland    

Lemont,  bolt  in  water  table  on  northwest  side 

of  Dutton's  store 

Lena    

Leonore    

Leo  Rock  

Lerna,  iron  post  at  I.  C.  R.  R.  station 

Leroy,  iron  post  300  feet  east  of  station 

Leverett   

Levings    

Lewistown,  tablet  on  Court  House 

Lexington    

Lily  Lake    

Lincoln,  tablet  on  concrete  post  at  southwest 

entrance  to  Court  House  

Lindenwood    

Lintner  

Little  York  

Livingston 

Lockport,  cross  on  west  wall  of  Lock  No.  1 . . . . 

Loda   

Lodemia 

Lodge   

Lomax    

Lombardville    

London  Mills,  bolt  in  corner  of  C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

station    

Long  Creek 

Long  Point 

Longview     

Loogootee   

Loon  Lake    

Loraine    


Feet 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.  725 

A.   T.   &   S.   F.   Ry.  732 

I.  C.  R.  R.  766 

U.  S.  G.  S.  596.489 

U.  S.  G.  S.  472.217 

C.  and  G.  S.  709.146 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry.  508 

C.  and  G.  S.  457.491 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry.  403 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  939 

A.  T.  &  S.   F.  Ry.  677 

E.    J.    &    E.    Ry.  723 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  705 

Engineer  Corps  605.425 

I.  C.  R.  R.  964 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  681 

I.   C.   R.   R.  369 

U.  S.  G.  S.  754.316 

U.  S.  G.  S.  779.903 

I.  C.  R.  R.  732 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry.  454 

U.  S.  G.  S.  596.145 

C.  &  A.  Ry.  746 

C.  G.  W.  Ry.  922 

U.  S.  G.  S.  590.856 

C.   G.   W.   Ry.  769 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry.  688 

la.    C.    Ry.  601 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R.  586 

Engineer  Corps  581.562 

I.  C.  R.  R.  780 

W.  R.  R.  658 

I.  C.  R.  R.  700 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  552 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry.  755 

U.  S.  G.  S.  534.70 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry.  677 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.  641 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R.  674 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R.  604 

W.  C.  Ry.  783 

C.   B.  &  Q.  Ry.  644 


138 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Lorenzo    

Lostant     

Lotus    

Lovington    

Lowder    

Low  Point 

Loxa     

Ludlow     

Lyndon     

Lynn,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 

McCall   

McClure 

McConnell     

McDowell    

McKeen   

Mackinaw,  tablet  on  C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 
water  tank    

McKinley,  iron  post  near  railroad  station 

McLean    

McLeansboro   

McNabb  

McNulta    

Macomb  

Macon    

Macoupin,  iron  post  200  feet  southwest  of  sta- 
tion     

Madison 

Magnet 

Mahomet,  iron  post  230  feet  west  of  railroad 
station    

Makanda,  B.  M.  on  capstone  of  south  abut- 
ment of  Drury  Creek  bridge  one  mile  north 
of  town    

Maiden 

Malta    

Manchester     

Manhattan     

Mansfield,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  C.  C. 
C.  &  St.  L.  Ry 

Manteno    

Manville    

Maple  Park 

Mapleton   

Maquon    

Marblehead  

Marengo    

Marietta     


A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

Van.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

T.  P.  &  W.  Rv. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

W.  R.  R. 

Van.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 
L.  &  N.  R.  R. 
C.  I.  &  S.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G  S. 


Elevation 

above 

sea  level 

Feet 

536 

702 

753 

683 

695 

717 

672 

773 

623 

733.24 

699 

347 

773 

652 

585 

646.239 

554.640 

708 

500 

680 

755 

702 

721 

532.686 

418 

748 

712.117 


C.  and  G.  S. 

431.393 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

705 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

915 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

691 

W.  R.  R. 

681 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

729.7 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

694 

W.  R.  R. 

617 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

863 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 

467 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

630 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

458 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

819 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 

546 

DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


139 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Marigold,  iron  post  in  school  yard 

Marine    

Marinton   

Marion   

Marissa,  iron  post  in  school  yard 

Markham 

Marley,  Will  County 

Maroa     

Marseilles,  circle  on  south  wall  of  Lock  No.  9 

Marshall    

Martinsville    

Maryland 

Mascoutah    

Mason   City    

Matthews    

Mattoon,  tablet  on  concrete  post  at  crossing  of 

I.  C.  R.  R.  and  Twenty-first  Street 

Maunie,  tablet  on  Methodist  Church   

Maxwell 

Mays,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  Vandalia 

R.   R 

Maysville     

Mayview,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  C.  C. 

C.  &  St.  L.  Ry 

Maywood     

Mazon    

Mazonia  

Meacham     

Meadows   

Media   

Medora    

Melwood    

Menard    

Mendon    

Meredosia,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 

Meriden   

Merna 

Merriam     

Merritt     

Metcalf    

Metropolis     

Middle  Grove,  top  of  rail  at  road  crossing  west 

of   station    

Middlesworth 

Middletown    

Midland  City   

Milan    


R.  R. 


U.  S.  G.  S 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
C.  &.  E.  I. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
W.  R.  R. 
W.  R.  R. 
Van.  R.  R. 
Engineer  Corps 
Van.  R.  R. 
Van.  R.  R. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
L.  &  N.  R.  R. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 


U.  S.  G.  S. 

725.03 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

375.171 

la.  C.  Ry. 

694 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

689.6 

W.  R.  R. 

744 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

686.0 

C.&N.W.;  C.G.W.  Rys 

628 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

592 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

580 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

739 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 

758 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

715 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

622 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

669 

I.  S.  Ry. 

377 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

654 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

448.09 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

733 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

812 

So.  Ry. 

406 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

608 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

664 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

339 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

726.1 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

699 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

586 

Van.  R.  R. 

654 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

570 

Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Feet 
564.681; 
526 
627 

435 

448.378 

593 

666 

720 

505.553 

618 

562 

881 

425 

581' 

392 


140 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND  1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Miles     

Milford    

Milla  

Millbrig 

Millbrook    

Mill   Creek    

Milledgeville     

Millersville    

Millington   

Millsdale    

Mill  Shoals 

Millstadt,    iron    post    on    southeast    corner    of 

school  house  in  northwest  part  of  town.  .  .  . 

Milmine    

Milroy    

Mineral    

Minier,  crossing  C.  &  A.  Ry 

Minonk    

Minonk  Junction    

Minooka    

Missal     

Mitchell    .*-. 

Moccasin    

Mode    

Mokena    

Moline    

Momence  

Monee    

Monmouth,  iron  post  at  corner  of  3d  St.  and 

E.  2d  Ave 

Monroe  Center,  center  of  copper  bolt  in  wall 

of  elevator  building  79  feet  west  of  station. . 

Mont 

Montgomery,  Kane  County 

Monticello     

Montrose  

Moore,  Union  County    

Moro,  Madison  County   

Morris,    B.    M.    on    east    wing   wall    of   north 

abutment    of    highway    bridge    over    Illinois 

River    

Morrison   

Morrisonville    

Mortimer 

Morton  Grove   

Mound  City   

Mounds    


C.   &  A.   Ry. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.   R. 
C.  I.  &  S.  R.  R. 
C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 
C.  B.   &  Q.   Ry. 
M.  &  O.  R.  R. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
W.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.   R.   I.   &  P.   Ry. 
Van.    R.    R. 
A.   T.   &   S.    F.   Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 
C.  I.  &  S.  R.  R. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 


Feet 
673 
666 
670 
625 
620 
376 
759 
640 
565 
525 
384 

614.544 

713 

558 

636 

637 

751 

740 

632 

668 

430 

612 

623 

719 

575 

632 

803 

762.731 


C.  and  G.  S. 

842.986 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

570 

C.  B.   &  Q.  Ry. 

645 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

659 

Van.   R.    R. 

601 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

453 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

529 

Engineer   Corps 

504.063 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

670 

W.  R.  R. 

635 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

703 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

628 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

321 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

323 

DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Mountain  Glen    

Mount  Auburn    

Mount  Carmel,  tablet  on  Court  House   

Mount  Carroll,  copper  bolt  in  foundation  of 
barn  connected  with  elevator  

Mount  Morris   

Mount  Olive,  iron  post  in  southeast  corner  of 
school  yard  

Mount  Prospect    

Mount   Pulaski    

Mount  Sterling,  iron  post  in  northeast  corner 
of  highway  and  railway  crossing  0.5  miles 
west  of  station    

Mount   Vernon    

Mount  Zion    

Moweaqua     

Mulberry  Grove    

Mulkeytown,  tablet  on  Hall  of  Modern  Wood- 
men of  America   

Muncie     

Munster  

Murdock    

Murphysboro,  iron  post  in  Court  House  lot.  .  .  . 

Murrayville     

Myrtle    

Nachusa 

Nameoki    

Naperville,  tablet  on  Nicholas  Library 

Naples    

Narita     

Nashville   

Natrona   

Nebo  

Neeleys    

Nekoma   

Nelson    

Nemo    

Neoga 

Neponset   

Nevada    

Nevins    

New  Athens,  iron  post  in  school  yard 

New  Baden,  tablet  on  bank 

New  Boston,  copper  bolt  in  north  wall  of  Un- 
ion  Hotel    

New  Burnside   

New  Canton  


M.  &  O.  R.  R. 
C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 


Feet 
449 
605 
465.241 


C.  and  G.  S. 

817.159 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

898 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

681.044 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

672 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

637 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

710.849 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

463 

Van.  R.  R. 

684 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

629 

Van.  R.  R. 

559 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

449.017 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

658 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

644 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

647 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

419.542' 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

686 

C.  G.  W.  Ry. 

766 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

790 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

425 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

693.310 

W.  R.  R. 

448 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

614 

I.  S.  Ry. 

505 

C.  &  A.  Rv. 

576 

C.  &  A.  Rv. 

490 

W.  R.  R. 

665 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

817 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

656 

la.  C.  Rv. 

777 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

659 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

829 

C.  &  A.  Rv. 

680 

Van.  R.  R. 

687 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

429.865 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

462.069 

C.  and  G.  S. 

570.700 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

560 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

449 

142 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


New  Design,  iron  post  at  southwest  corner  of 
T  road  west  at  south  edge  of  town  

New  Douglas  

Newell    

New  Hanover   

New  Haven,  tablet  on  Scudmore  and  Mathia 
Bank  

New  Holland  

New  Lebanon    

New  Lenox    

Newman    

New  Milford   

New  Philadelphia 

New  Salem  

Newton,  iron  post  180  feet  northwest  of  rail- 
road  station    

New  Windsor   

Niantic   

Nilwood 

Noble,  station  B.  &  O.  R.  R 

Nokomis    

Nolting     

Normal     

Normantown    

Norris,  Fulton  County  

Norris  „City,  tablet  on  Cumberland  Presbyter- 
ian Church   

North  Aurora   

North  Chicago 

North  Henderson,  iron  post  500  feet  west  of 
station    

Novak    

Oakdale,  Washington  County,  top  of  rail  in 
front  of  station  I.  C.  R.  R 

Oakford,  tablet  on  H.  Luke  and  Son's  store 
building    

Oakland,  tablet  on  J.  T.  Simm's  grain  elevator 

Oaklawn    

Oakley    

Oak  Park    

Oakwood   

Oblong,  geodetic  station 

Oconee   

Odell     

Odin,  iron  post  125  feet  south  of  I.  C.  R.  R. 
and  B.  &  O.  R.  R 


U.  S.  G.  S. 

T.   St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

W.  R.  R. 

M.  &  O.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 
C.   M.   &   St.   P.   Ry. 
C.  R.   I.  &  P.  Ry. 
C.   H.  &  D.   Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 
W.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
W.  R.  R. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 
C.  and  G.  S. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
I.  S.  Ry. 
C.   &   A.   Ry. 
E.  J.   &  E.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.   S. 

C.  &  N.  W.   Ry. 

E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 


U.  S.  G.  S. 
A.  T.  &  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 


F.  Ry. 


U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

W.  R.   R. 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

U.  S.  L.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 


Feet 

661.361 

610 

671 

588 

370.271 

545 

848 

630 

651 

720 

671 

788 

512.989 

808 

603 

670 

477 

668 

462 

790 

670 

732 

443.676 

651 

673 

775.35 
604 

523.2 

495.159 

658.718 

640 

691 

630 

648 

500 

679 

721 

526.785 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


143 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


O'Fallon,    iron    post    at    southwest    corner   of 

brick  platform  at  B.  &  O.  R.  R.  station 

Ogden 

Ogle    

Oglesby 

Ohio    

Ohlman    

Oilfield  

Olive  Branch   

Oliver  

Olmstead   

Olney,  tablet  at  entrance  to  Court  House 

Omaha,    iron   post   90    feet    south    of   railroad 

station     

Oneida    

Ontarioville     

Opdyke     

Ophiem,  iron  post  300  feet  south  and  300  feet 

east  of  station  

Oquawka,  copper  bolt  in  northwest  corner  of 

building  on  Third  and  Schuyler  streets 

Orangeville   

Oraville,  iron  post  near  railroad  station 

Oreana   

Oregon  

Orion,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 

Orland    

Orleans    

Ormonde    

Osbernville    

Osborn   

Osco    

Oswego    

Ottawa,    tablet    on    La    Salle    County    Court 

House 

Otto    | 

Owaneco      j 

Ozark    j 

Padua   I 

Palatine    

Palermo,  geodetic  station    

Palestine 

Palmer   

Paloma,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 

Pana   

Panama    

Panola    


U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

C.  &  E.  I,  R.  R. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

C.   C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 
L.  &  N.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  and  G.   S. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
U.  S.  G.   S. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
W.  R.  R. 
W.  R.  R. 

A.  T.   &   S.   F.   Ry. 
C.   H.  &  D.   Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 
C.    B.   &  Q.   Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R. 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 
U.   S.  L.   S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

W.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 


Feet 

550.520 

675 

575 

465 

917 

683 

662 

340 

633 

355 

483.645 

366.921 
814 
815 
509 

699.105 

548.132 

797 

395.944 

694 

700 

749.68 

698 

658 

778 

603 

588 

779 

615 

485.730 

632 

627 

668 

837 

751 

742 

454 

625 

739.17 

696 

526 

735 


144 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Papineau    

Paris,  tablet  on  Vandalia  freight  station 

Parker    

Parkersburg,  geodetic  station  

Park  Ridge  

Parnell   

Parrish,  iron  post  at  Brown  and  Moore's  store 

Patoka    

Patterson 

Patton,  iron  post  at  J.  W.  Elliott's  house 

Pawnee  Junction    

Pawpaw   

Paxton   

Payne    

Pearl     

Pearl  City  

Pecatonica 

Pekin,  iron  bolt  in  water  table  of  County 
Clerk's  office   (City  B.  M.)    

Penfield    

Peoria,  tablet  on  Bradley  Polytechnic  Institute 

Peotone    

Percy    

Perdueville    

Perks    

Perry  Springs,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station. . 

Perryville    

Peru,  bolt  in  pier  at  north  end  of  draw  span 
of  highway  bridge  over  Illinois  River  at  foot 
of  Marion  Street   

Pesotum 

Peters  

Petersburg,  tablet  on  Court  House  

Petra 

Phelps    

Philadelphia    

Philo,  tablet  on  Philo  Exchange  Bank 

Piasa 

Pierron    

Pike    

Pinckneyville 

Pingree  Grove,  copper  bolt  in  foundation  of  J. 
B.  Schedden's  building  

Pinkstaff    

Piper  City 

Pisgah    

Pittwood 


C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  L.  S. 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  G.  W.  Ry. 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
M.  &  O.  R.  R. 
L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 


Engineer  Corps 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

la.  C.  Ry. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
Van.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  and  G.   S. 
C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 
T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 


Feet 

630 

739.271 

500 

568 

658 

740 

439.476 

507 

515 

416.893 

612 

928 

794 

674 

451 

823 

754 

479.092 

725 

607.599 

722 

467 

764 

343 

441.43 

767 

458.954 

720 

449 

523.706 

672 

776 

594 

736.833 

614 

524 

436 

446 

917.833 

433 

673 

671 

643 

DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


145 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Elevation 

Town  or  city 

Authority 

above 
sea  level 

Feet 

Plainfield     

E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 
C.  &  A.  Rv. 

612 

Plainview    

625 

Piano    

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

649 

Plato  Center 

I.  C.  R.  R. 
C.   &  A.    Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

914 

Pleasant  Hill  

463 

Pleasant  Plains,  tablet  on  State  Bank 

615.350 

Plymouth,  iron  post  northeast  corner  Central 

Park    

U.  S.  G.  S. 

655.776 

Pocahontas   

Van.  R.  R. 

500 

Poland    

W.  C.  &  W.  R.  R. 

394 

Polo    

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

836 

Pomona   

M.  &  0.  R.  R. 

403 

Pontiac    

C.  &  A.  Rv. 

647 

Poplar  City    

I.  C.  R.  R. 

509 

Port  Byron,  copper  bolt  in  west  foundation  of 

C.  and  G.  S. 

581.859 

Potomac 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

684 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry 

486 

Prairie  City,  iron  post   SW.  cor  NW.  J/4   sec. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

667.757 

Prairie  du  Rocher,  iron  post  in  apple  orchard 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
Van.  R.  R. 
W.    C.   Ry. 
C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 

395 . 764 

Prairie  Hall   

707 

Prairie  View    

694 

Preemption   

814 

Prentice   

630 

Princeton,  iron  post  in  Court  House  yard 

718.767 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry.       | 
C.  I.  &  S.  R.  R. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

745 

Priscilla   

655 

627 

Prouty    

662 

340 

Putnam,  pipe  in  southeast  corner  of  yard  of 

Engineer  Corps 

526.786 

Quincy,  aluminum  tablet  in  base  of  rectangular 

County  Court  House  

U.  S.  G.  S. 

601.514 

C.   &  A.   Ry. 

St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

463 

Raddle    

373 

Radford  ■ 

629 

Radley    

745 

Radom,   B.   M.   on   north   abutment   of  bridge 

over  Little  Muddy  Creek 

C.  and  G.  S. 

499.811 

Ramsey    

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

612 

Randolph  

I.  C.  R.  R. 

781 

L.  E.  &  W.  R.  R. 
A.  T.  &  S.   F.  Ry. 

718 

Ransom    

705 

146 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND  1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Rantoul    

Rapatee    

Rapids  City,  copper  bolt  in  foundation  of  H. 

M.  Gilchrist's  building   

Rardin,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  T.   St. 

L.  &  W.  R.  R 

Raven  

Ravinia 

Ray    

Raymond   

Rayville    

Reader   

Redbud,    iron   post   at   railroad    crossing   near 

station    

Reddick    

Redmon,  tablet  on  Redmon  Bank  

Red  Oak   

Reevesville,   iron  post  in   southeast  corner  of 

yard  of  M.  E.  Church  

Reilly    

Renault,  iron  post  in  northwest  corner  of  pub- 
lic square 

Renault  Station  

Reno   

Reynolds    

Reynoldsville    

Richards    

Richardson    

Richland,  tablet  on  gasoline  storage  house  of 

the  Farmers'  Elevator  Co 

Richton    

Richview,  cut  on  capstone  at  east  end  of  rail 

road  culvert,  1  mile  north  of  Richview.... 

Ridenhower    

Ridge  Farm    

Ridgely    

Ridgeville    

Ridgway,  tablet  on  Catholic  Church 

Ridott  

Riggston    

Rileyville,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  I.  C. 

R.  R 

Rinard    

Rio,  400  feet  north  of  P.  O 

Riola 

Risk    

Ritchie    


Feet 


I.  C.  R.  R. 

758 

la.  C.  Ry. 

685 

C.  and  G.  S. 

576.741 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

664.9 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

628 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

677 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

517 

W.  R.  R. 

643 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

695 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

586 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

444.241 

C.  I.  &  S.  R.  R. 

610 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

690.322 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

773 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

351.021 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

747 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

684.448 

C.  St.  L.  M.  &  S.  R.  R. 

392 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

578 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

813 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

349 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

645 

C.  G.  W.  Ry. 

882 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

611.752 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

731 

C.  and  G.  S. 

544.196 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

359 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

694 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

597 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

676 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

376.920 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

750 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

606 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

398.9 

B.  &  0.  R.  R. 

461 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

784 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

685 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

747 

W.  R.  R. 

563 

DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


147 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 
above 
I    sea  level 


Riverton,  tablet  on  doorsill  at  entrance  to  op- 
era house 

Riverview 

Roaches   

Roanoke  

Roberts 

Robinson,  tablet  on  wall  on  south  side  of  Court 
House  

Rochelle  

Rochester    

Rockbridge   

Rock  City  

Rockford  

Rock  Island,  tablet  on  First  Baptist  Church. . . 

Rock  Island  Junction  

Rockport    

Rockton   

Rockwood  

Rodden    

Roland   

Rollo 

Rondout  

Roodhouse    

Roots    

Rosamond  

Roscoe    

Rosehill,  Jasper  County,  top  of  rail  in  front 
of  station  I.  C.  R.  R 

Roselle,  copper  bolt  in  foundation  of  Mathew 
Seeker's  brick  business  building  (U.  S.  E.  C. 
P.  B.  M.  90)  

Roseville,  iron  post  750  feet  north  of  station 

Rossville    

Rossville  Junction    

Round  Grove 

Round  Knob    

Rowe    

Rowell 

Royal    

Ruma,  iron  post  at  southeast  corner  of  cross- 
roads   

Rush,  iron  post  at  crossroads 

Rushville   

Russell   

Rutland    

Ryder   

Sacramento 


Feet 


U.  S.  G.  S. 

552.796 

W.  C,  Ry. 

643 

L.  &  N.  R.  R. 

498 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

722 

I.  C.  R..R. 

786 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

534.529 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

793 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

578 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

556 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

900 

CM.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

714 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

566.413 

B.  &  0.  R.  R. 

589 

C.  B.  &Q.  Ry. 

452 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

748 

St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 

376 

C.  G.  W.  Rv. 

690 

B.  &  0.  R.  R. 

430 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

754 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

678 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

650   • 

I.  S.  Ry. 

387 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

711 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

740 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

567.4 

C.  and  G.  S. 

772.155 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

732.365 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

700 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

668 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

686 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

356 

W.  R.  R. 

642 

Van.  R.  R. 

765 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

682 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

442.899 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

995.731 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

683 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

677 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

710 

W.  C.  &  W.  R.  R. 

427 

B,  &  0.  R.  R. 

413 

148 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Sadorus    

Saint  Anne   

Saint  Augustine   

Saint  Charles,  tablet  on  school  house  in  Home 
for  Boys    

Saint    Elmo    

Saint  Francisville,  iron  post  2,000  feet  south 
of  station  near  intersection  of  railroad  and 
road  west  from  city 

Saint  Jacob 

Saint  James    

Saint  Johns    

Saint  Joseph    

Sainte  Marie,  iron  post  in  yard  of  F.  L.  Brit- 
ton,  300  feet  south  of  station 

Saint  Peter  

Saint  Rose,  tablet  on  Catholic  Church 

Salem,  B.  M.  southeast  of  Court  House 

Salisbury,  tablet  on  school  house   

Saluda    

Sandoval    

Sand  Prairie    

Sand  Ridge,  Grundy  County   

Sand  Ridge,  Jackson  County  

Sandwich 

Sangamon   

San  Jose   

Saunemin  

Savanna,  copper  bolt  in  doorsill  of  engine 
room,  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.  elevator 

Savoy   

Saxony  

Scales  Mound,  iron  post  in  school  yard 

Schapville,  tablet  on  Zion  Presbyterian  Church 

Scheller    

Sciota,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 

Scotland     

Scottsburg,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 

Scovel 

Sears 

Seaton    

Secor    

Seigert    

Seneca    

Sepo    

Serena,  top  of  west  rail  in  front  of  station. . . . 

Sesser 


W.  R.  R. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
Van.  R.  R. 


Feet 
692 

657 
650 

801.819 
618 


U.  S.  G.  S. 

440.446 

Van.  R.  R. 

508 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

600 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

466 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

673 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

482.344 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

595 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

503.977 

C.  and  G.  S. 

544.327 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

591.575 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

769 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

509 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

495 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Rv. 

545 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

372 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

667 

W.  R.  R. 

691 

C.  &  A.  Rv. 

598 

W.  R.  R. 

686 

C.  and  G.  S. 

592.312 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

740 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

699 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

955.640 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

859.030 

W.  C.  &  W.  R.  R. 

518 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

757.2 

C.  H.  &  D.  Ry. 

635 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

670.9 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

694 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

581 

la.  C.  Ry. 

615 

T.  P.  &  W. 

739 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

438 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

521 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

457 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

632.8 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

475 

DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


149 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Seville    ' 

Seward 

Seymour,  iron  post  100  feet  west  of  railroad 
station    

Shabbona     

Shabbona  Grove  

Shannon  

Sharon,  iron  post  at  Wm.  Ornett's  stock  farm 

Sharps    

Shattuc,  iron  post  600  feet  west  of  station 

Shawneetown,  iron  post  at  L.  &  N.  R.  R.  sta- 
tion     

Shaws 

Sheffield     

Shelbyville,  tablet  on  Court  House   

Sheldon    

Shepherd   

Sheridan    

Sheridan  Junction 

Sherman    

Sherrard    

Shinn    

Shipman    

Shirland 

Shirley   

Shobonier    

Shumway    

Sibley  

Sidell,  tablet  on  High  School  building 

Sidney,  tablet  on  High  School  building 

Sigel    

Sinclair    

Skelton,  iron  post  at  crossing  of  road  and  I.  C. 
R.  R 

Smithboro   

Smithdale    

Smithfield,  iron  post  50  feet  west  of  railroad 
station    

Smithshire     

Sollitt   

Solon  Mills 

Somonauk     

Sorento    

South  Elgin,  curb  in  front  of  hotel 

South  Wilmington   

Sparland    

Sparta     


T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 
C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

W.  R.  R. 

C.   B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

C.   &  A.    Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

W.  R.  R. 

W.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.   &  A.   Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 
Van.  R.  R. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Rv. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 

C.   R.   I.  &  P.   Ry. 

M.  &  O.   R.   R. 


Feet 
496 
764 

697.650 

900 

816 

919 

628.228 

592 

463.234 

349.534 

804 

671 

650.23 

688 

470 

590 

640 

582 

812 

448 

636 

735 

762 

519 

657 

808 

685.184 

672.575 

630 

625 

611.482 

551 
624 

650.304 

741 

710 

792 

690 

587 

710.3 

590 

464 

534 


150 


BIENNIAL  REPORT   EOR   1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  citv 


Elevation 

Authority 

above 

sea  level 

Feet 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

772 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

514 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

736 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

385 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

598.319 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

781 

Engineer  Corps 

464.943 

M.  &  0.  R.  R. 

399 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

740.6 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

424 

C.  &  A.  Rv. 

679 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

664 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

621.964 

W.  C.  &  W.  R.  R. 

438 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

645 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

825 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

647 

C.  and  G.   S. 

706.892 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

669 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

522 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

695 

C.  G.  W.  Rv. 

1000 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

414.623 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

410 

W.  R.  R. 

613 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

471 

W.  R.  R. 

641 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

816 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

651 

W.  R.  R. 

768 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

625 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

675 

Van.  R.  R. 

527 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

920 

Van.  R.  R. 

654 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

458.466 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

729 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

686 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

478.074 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

462.148 

C.  I.  &  S.  R.  R. 

660 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

469 

Spaukling,  Cook  County 

Spillertown   

Spires   

Springer    

Springfield,  copper  bolt  in  stone  post  at  south- 
west entrance  of  Court  House  grounds  (City 
B.  M.) 

Spring  Grove 

Spring  Valley,  B.  M.  on  coping  of  C.  R.  I.  & 
P.   Ivy.  bridge  over  Spring  Creek 

Springville     

Staley,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  I.  C.  R.  R. 

Stallings 

Stan  ford    

Stark 

Staunton,  iron  post  at  southeast  corner  of  park 

Steeleville    

Sterling    

Steward    

Stewardson     

Stillman  Valley,  copper  bolt  in  foundation  of 
White's  elevator   

Stillwell   

Stockdale 

Stockland    

Stockton    

Stokes,  iron  post  in  yard  of  J.  Pyle's  store. .  . . 

Stonef  ort 

Stonington    

Stoy    

Strasburg    

Stratford   

Straut     

Strawn   

Streator   

Stronghurst    

Stubblefield 

Sublette    

Suffern  

Sugar  Creek,  iron  post  at  Peter  Schroot's  store 

Sugar  Grove  

Sullivan    

Summerfield,  tablet  on  school  house 

Sumner,  tablet  on  Hart  Wagner's  brick  build- 
ing   

Sunbury  

Sunfield    


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


151 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Surrey    

Sutton    

Swan  Creek  

Swift 

Swygert   

Sycamore 

Symerton 

Table  Grove   

Tabor   

Tallula    

Tamalco 

Tamaroa    

Tamms  

Tampico 

Taylor  Ridge   

Taylorville    

Tazewell    

Teheran   

Tennessee    

Teutopolis   

Texas  City   

Texico    

Thackeray  

Thawville    

Thayer   

Thebes    

Thomasboro   

Thomasville    

Thompsonville,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 
I.  C.  R.  R 

Thomson,  copper  bolt  in  foundation  of  Christ- 
ian Church    

Thornton  

Tice,  tablet  on  schoolhouse  

Tilden 

Timbuctoo 

Timewell,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 

Tipton    

Tiskilwa 

Toledo,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  I.  C. 
R.  R 

Tolono,  Wabash  and  I.  C.  crossing   

Toluca    

Tomlinson     

Tonica    

Tonti    

Toronto    


A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 
E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
C.   G.  W.   Ry. 
W.  R.  R. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
Van.  R.  R. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 
Van.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
Van.  R.  R. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 
C.  &  E.   I.   R.   R. 
L.  &  N.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
C.  &  A.  Ry. 
C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  and  G.   S. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 


Feet 
766 
832 
766 
727 
737 
840 
638 
694 
668 
625 
480 
510 
340 
647 
793 
609 
660 
541 
687 
603 
370 
506 
505 
696 
648 
335 
736 
657 

449.9 

606.355 

620 

610.511 

521 

612 

755.49 

673 

519 

601.1 

736 

702 

733 

664 

570 

592 


152 


BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR  1913  AND  1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Toulon   

Towanda   

Tower  Hill  

Tracy    

Tremont,  iron  post  at  railroad  station 

Trenton,  tablet  on  City  Hall  

Trilla    

Trimble    

Triumph,  tablet  in  concrete  walk  at  northwest 
corner  of  First  National  Bank 

Trivoli    

Trowbridge     

Troy,  iron  post  100  feet  north  of  railroad  sta- 
tion     

Troy  Junction,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station.  . 

Tucker   

Tunnell  Hill  

Tuscola    

Twin  Grove,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station  C. 
C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry 

Ulah    

Ullin,  B.   M.  on  abutment  of  bridge  No.  15.. 

Ullrich    

Union,  McHenry  County 

Union  Hill    

Upper  Alton 

Urbana,  iron  post  near  southeast  corner  of 
Engineering  Hall,  University  of  Illinois.... 

Ursa    

Valier  

Valley  City  

Valmeyer 

Vandalia    

Van   Orin    

Varna   

Velma 

Venedy,  iron  post  50  feet  south  of  railroad  sta- 
tion     

Venice    

Vera    

Vergennes   

Vermilion    

Vermilion  Grove 

Vermont    

Versailles,  iron  post  150  feet  west  of  station.  . 

Vevay  Park    

Vienna,  iron  post  in  Court  House  yard 


C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 

C.   &  A.   Ry. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

T.  C.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

Ta.  C.  Ry. 

T.  St.  L.  &  W.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

T.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

T.  C.  R.  R. 

U.    S.   G.    S. 
C.  R.  I.  &  P.  Ry. 
C.  and  G.   S. 
Van.  R.  R. 
C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 
C.  I  &  S.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.   B.  &  Q.   Ry. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

W.    R.    R. 

St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 

Van.  R.  R. 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

B.  &  O.  R.  R. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 
I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 
C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 
C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Van.  R.  R. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 


Feet 

752 

787 

655 

580 

643.425 

497.606 

658 

490 

670.601 

748 

646 

548.626 

570.1 

698 

631 

653 

817.3 

732 

337.545 

675 

836 

620 

457 

721.103 

588 

440 

449 

406 

504 

807 

729 

610 

410.508 
423 
557 
.  393 
674 
672 
675 

587.464 
616 
404.9 


DICTIONARY  OF  ALTITUDES  IN  ILLINOIS 


153 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  city 


Villa   Grove    

Villa    Ridge,    bolt    in    chimney    of    Stoddard 

House 

Viola 

Virden    

Virgil    

Virginia      

Voorhies    

Wadham    

Wadsworth     

Waggoner   

Walker,  Macon  County   

Walker,  Will  County 

Walnut     

Walnut  Grove,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 

Walnut  Prairie    

Walsh  

Walshville     

Walton  

Waltonville  

Wapella    

Ware     

Warnock    

Warner    

Warren    

Warrenhurst,  tablet  on  Daw  Brothers  house.  . 

Warrensburg    

Warrenton    

Warsaw   

Wasco    

Washburn    

Washington    

Wataga    

Waterloo,    iron    post    at    east    side    of    Court 

House  building   

Waterman   

Watertown,  center  of  hole  in  copper  bolt  164 

feet  southeast  of  C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry.  station 

on  brick  basement  of  H.  Smith's  residence.  . 

Watseka 

Watson    

Waukegan.  tablet  on  Court  House  

Waverly 

Wayne,  Dupage  County 

Wayne  City    

Waynesville    

Wedron,  iron  post  near  station  platform 


Elevation 

Authority 

above 

sea  level 

Feet 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

650 

C.  and  G.  S. 

385.905 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

797 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

674 

C.  G.  W.  Ry. 

871 

B.  &  0.  R.  R. 

593 

W.  R.  R. 

683 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

1022 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Ry. 

673 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

646 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

652 

E.  J.  &  E.  Ry. 

613 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

714 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

717.6 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Ry. 

487 

I.  S.  Rv. 

482 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

592 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

725 

W.  C.  &  W.  R.  R. 

468 

T.  C.  R.  R. 

747 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

353 

St.  L.  I.  M.  &  S.  Ry. 

412 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

657 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

1005 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

732.328 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

703 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  Rv. 

710 

T.  P.  &  W.  Rv. 

490 

C.  G.  W.  Ry. 

826 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

695 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

766 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

834 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

717.223 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

820 

C.  and  G.  S. 

575.382 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

634 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

557 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

668.387 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

674 

E.  J.  &  E.  R.  R. 

763 

So.  Ry. 

429 

Van.  R.  R. 

713 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

521.679 

BIENNIAL  REPORT  FOR   1913  AND   1914 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Continued 


Town  or  citv 


Elevation 

Authority 

above 

sea  level 

Feet 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

725 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

717 

W.  C.  &  W.  R.  R. 

411 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

698 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

696 

Engineer  Corps 

451.116 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

948 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

784.078 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

430.477 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

646 

C.  H.  &  D.  Rv. 

747 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

407.949 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

484.0 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

688 

T.  P.  &  W.  Ry. 

704 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

667 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

437.339 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

686 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

506 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

398.812 

C.  C.  C.  &  St.  L.  Rv. 

467 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

356 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

752.878 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

581 

W.  C.  Ry. 

650 

C.  &  A.  Ry. 

578 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

703 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

441 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

637 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

521 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

503 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

460.216 

W.  R.  R. 

632 

M.  &  O.  R.  R. 

495 

Van.  R.  R. 

694 

A.  T.  &  S.  F.  Ry. 

713 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

605.649 

C.  &  N.  W.  Rv. 

614 

C.  &  A.  Rv. 

549 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

655 

C.  T.  &  S.  R.  R. 

615 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

543 

Weedman    

Weldon    

Welga     

Wellington    

Wenona   

Wesley,  top  of  iron  post  in  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Walmsley's  door  yard  

West  Brooklyn    

West  Chicago,  tablet  on  city  hall   

West  End,  tablet  on  rolling  mill  

Westervelt     

Westfield  

West  Frankfort,  iron  post  near  railroad  station 

West  Liberty,  top  of  rail  in  front  of  station 
I.  C.  R.  R 

West  Newell    

Weston     

West  Point  

Westport,  tablet  on  bridge  over  Embarrass 
River     

West  Ridge 

West  Salem   

West  Vienna,  iron  post  220  feet  west  of  sta- 
tion     

West  York   

Wetaug    

Wheaton,  Dupage  County,  tablet  on  Court 
House     

Wheeler 

Wheeling     

Whitehall     

White  Heath   

Whittington    

Wichert    

Wilbern    

Wilderman    

Willeford,  iron  post  200  feet  west  of  church.  . 

Willeys 

Willisville    

Williamsburg   

Williamsfield    

Williamsville,  tablet  on  Prater's  Bank 

Wilmette    

Wilmington     

Wilsman    

Wilson   

Winchester    


DICTIONARY   OF  ALTITUDES   IX  ILLINOIS 


155 


Altitudes  of  towns  in  Illinois — Concluded 


Town  or  city 


Authority 


Elevation 

above 
sea  level 


Winfield,  tablet  on  culvert  150  feet  east  of  rail- 
road station    

Wing    

Winkel   

Winkle  

Winnebago    

Winnetka,  iron  post  near  old  town  hall   

Winslow    

Witt    

Wolf  Lake    

Womac 

Woodbine    

Woodbury  

Wooddale    

Woodhull    

Woodland    

Woodlawn     

Woodruff,  iron  post  in  front  of  N.  C.  Osman's 
house    

Woods    

Woodson   

Woodville    

Woosung     

Wordon   

Worth     

Wrights    

Wyanet    

Wyckles  

Wyoming     

Xenia    

Yale 

Yeomans    

Yorkville   

Youngsdale     

Youngstown,  100  feet  north  of  station 

Zearing 

Zeigler    


U.  S.  G.  S. 

W.   R.'R. 

C.  &  A.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  N.  W.  Ry. 

U.  S.  G.  S. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

I.  C.  R.  R. 

C.  &  A.   Ry. 

C.   G.  W.   Ry. 

Van.  R.  R. 

C.  M.  &  St.  P.  R] 

C.  B.  &  Q.  Ry. 

C.  &  E.  I.  R.  R. 

C.    B.   &  Q.   Ry. 


u. 

s 

G.  S 

c. 

B. 

&  Q. 

Ry. 

c. 

&  A.   Ry 

c. 

B. 

&Q. 

Ry. 

I. 

C. 

R.  R. 

c. 

& 

E.  I. 

R.  R 

w 

.  R 

.  R. 

c. 

B. 

&  Q. 

Ry. 

c. 

B. 

&  Q. 

Ry. 

w 

.  R 

.  R. 

c. 

B. 

&Q. 

Ry. 

B. 

& 

0.  R 

R. 

c. 

H 

&  D 

Rv. 

c. 

&  A.  R> 

c. 

B. 

&Q. 

Ry. 

I. 

C. 

R.  R. 

u. 

S. 

G.  S. 

c. 

B. 

&  Q. 

Ry. 

I. 

C. 

R.  R. 

Feet 

726.667 

658 

525 

572 

861 

651.300 

775 

665 

357 

643 

870 

587 

695 

824 

640 

495 

840.198 

482 

685 

664 

816 

586 

608 

587 

656 

668 

711 

540 

559 

698 

584 

799 

751.578 

761 

427 


INDEX 


A 

PAGE 

Adams  County,  fire  clay  in 69 

lime  from  41,  43 

Aledo,  fire  clay  near 71 

Alexander     County,     sandstone 

from    40 

tripoli  from   47 

Allendale  oil  field,  report  on 14,  33 

Alsey,  fire  clay  near 63,  65,  68 

Altitudes,  dictionary  of 115-155 

Alton,  fire  clay  near 63,  65 

limestone   near    41 

Analyses  of  coal  No.  2 88,  89 

Appropriations     for     topographic 

surveys    16 

Asphalt,   production  of 36 

Avon  quadrangle,  survey  of 13,  16 


B 

Baldwin  quadrangle,  field  work  in  13 

Bardolph,  clay  pits  near 94 

fire  clay  near 70 

Barrows,  H.  H.,  work  of 12 

Bartow,  Edward,  work  of 12 

Belleville,  limestone  at 41 

Belvidere,  limestone  at   40 

Big  Muddy  Valley,  maps  of 20 

Birds  quadrangle,  survey  of 17 

Blatchley,  R.   S.,  resignation  of   .  12 
Bond  County,  production  of  nat- 
ural gas  in  36 

Brown  County,  fire  clay  in    69 

Brownfield  quadrangle,  survey  of  17 

Bulletins  issued    17 

Bureau  of  Information   15 

Bureau     of     Mines,     cooperation 

with    14 

Burlington  limestone,  stone  from  40 

Butler,  absence  of  coal  No.  6  near  57 

C 

Calhoun  County,  fire  clay  in   ... .  67 

loess  in   110 

Camp  Creek,  clays  near 100 

Cantine,  fire  clay  near  63,  65,  66 


page 
Canton    quadrangle,    loess    and 

drift  in    109-114 

Carbon  Cliff,  fire  clays  near 66,72 

Carbondale  formation  in  Western 

Illinois     82 

shale  in   94 

Carlinville  field,  oil  production  of  33 
Carlyle  pool,  oil  production  of..  33 
Carroll  County,  lime  kilns  in  ... .       43 

Carrollton,  fire  clay  near 67 

Casey,  limestone  at  41 

Cement    materials    in    Colchester 

and  Macomb  quadrangles. .  .  .     107 

production  of    43 

Ceramics     Department,     coopera- 
tion with 14 

Chester  group,  gas   from   36 

Chester  quadrangle,  field  work  in       13 

Cheltenham  clay  in  Illinois 62 

see  Fire  clay 
Clark   County,   production  of  gas 

from     36 

Clay,  fire  clays   61-73 

production  of    36-39 

stoneware   83 

Clay  resources,  investigations  of.  14 
Clay  and  shale  in  Colchester  and 

Macomb  quadrangles    91-104 

Coal  in  Gillespie  and  Mount  Olive 

quadrangles    51-59 

in    Colchester    and    Macomb 

quadrangles    83,  84-91 

Coal,  production  of 26-30,  90-91 

Coke,  production  of 30 

Colchester,  clay  mines  and  plants 

near    91,92,93,95-98 

coal  No.  2  near   87 

fire  clays  near  65,  70,  71 

Colchester     and     Macomb     quad- 
rangles, geology  and  mineral 

resources  of 75 

Collinsville,  mineral  paints  from.       48 

Colmar  oil  field   14,33 

Cook  County,  clay  products  of..       38 

lime  and  limestone  in 40,41,43 

sand  production  of   46 


(157) 


158                                                   INDEX- 

Continued 

page 

PAGE 

Cooperation   with  : 

G 

Ceramics  Department 14 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines 14 

Galena  district    

48 

U.  S.  Geological  Survey.  14,  24,  51,  75 

Galena-Trenton  formations,  lime- 

University of  Illinois 14 

stone  from  

411 

Coulterville  quadrangle,  survey  of  13,  17 

sandstone   from    

411 

County  maps,  topographic 20 

Gas,  see  Oil  and  gas 

Crawford     County,     natural     gas 

Gasoline,  production  of   

36 

production  of   36 

Gillespie  and  Mount  Olive  quad- 

oil production  of   33 

rangles,  coal  in   

si 

Crooked  Creek,  overflowed  lands 

Gin  Ridge  district,  coal  No.  2  in 

87 

of    15 

Crystal      City     quadrangle,      field 

Glacial    drift,     sand    and    gravel 
from     

4S 

natural  gas  from   

3b 

Cumberland    County,   natural   gas 

relation  to  loess   109- 

-114 

production  of    36 

Glass  sand  in  Colchester  and  Ma- 

comb quadrangles    

106 

Golconda  quadrangle,  survey  of.. 

17 

D 

Golden  Eagle,  fire  clay  near.  .63,  65-67 

Dayton,  fire  clays  near 73 

Grant,  U.  S.,  work  of 

1? 

Deer  Park  Township,  fire  clays  in       72 

Gravel,  see  Sand  and  gravel 

Devonian  formations,  products  of  40,47 

Gravel      Spring,      mineral     water 
from     ....            

46 

Dixon,   cement  plant  at    43 

limestone  at  40 

Greene  County,  fire  clay  in   

6/ 

Drake,  fire  clays  near 66,67,68 

Greenville,  natural  gas  near 

36 

Griffin,  fire  clay  near  

/I 

E 

Grundy  County,  fire  clays  in  .... 

73 

East  Alton,  fire  clay  near 66 

H 

East   St.   Louis,   limestone  near..       41 

Hamilton,  limestone  at    

41 

Elevations  of  towns  in  Illinois  115-155 

Hancock  County,  fire  clay  in  .... 

70 

Equality  quadrangle,  survey  of.  .  .16,  17 

see     Colchester     and     Macomb 

Exeter,  fire  clay  near 63,  65,  68 

quadrangles 

Hardin  County,  fluorspar  in 

46 

limestone  quarry  sites  in    

40 

F 

Harman     Engineering     Company, 

work   of    

15 

Fairmount,  limestone  at    41 

Henry  County,  sandstone  from.. 

40 

Fire  clays,  in  Colchester  and  Ma- 

Herron, W.  H.,  work  of   

12 

comb  quadrangles    104 

Heyworth,  natural  gas  wells  at.. 
Hillsboro,  coal  No.  6  near 

36 

Pennsylvania!!     61-73 

56 

stratigraphy  of   63,  69-70 

Hoing  well 

33 

Fluorspar,  production  of    46 

Honey     Point     Township,     coal 

Fords    Ferry    quadrangle,    survey 

of    17 

No    6  in   .                        

S8 

Fountain  Green,  sand  and  gravel 

I 

near    106 

Freeport,  limestone  at   40 

Illinois,  mineral  production  of...  24,  26 

Fulton  County,  fire  clay  in  71 

Illinois  base  map,  new  edition  of. 

20 

sec  Canton  quadrangle 

Illinois   City,  fire  clay  near 

72 

I X  DEX — Co  n  tin  ucd 


159 


PAGE 

Illinois    Coal    Mining    Investiga- 
tions bulletins   20 

Industry,   clay  industry   at 92 

Iron   in   Colchester  and    Macomb 

quadrangles    107 

pig,  production  of   30 

J 

Jacksonville,  production  of  miner- 
al water  near    46 

Jersey  County,  fire  clay  in   67 

Jo  Daviess  County,  lead,  zinc,  and 

silver  in    48 

Joliet,  coke  ovens  at  30 

Jonesboro,  limestone  at 41 

K 

Kane  County,  production  of  sand 

from     46 

Kankakee  County,  lime  in 41,  43 

limestone  from  40 

Kaskaskia  Valley,  maps  of  20 

Keokuk    limestone    in    Colchester 

and  Macomb  quadrangles.  . .  .80-81 

lime  from   107 

stone  from  41,  105 

Kimmswick     quadrangle,      field 

work  in  13 

Knox  County,  pyrite  from   47 

see  Canton  quadrangle 

L 

La  Salle,   cement   plants   at 43 

La  Salle  County,  clay  production 

of    37 

fire  clay  in   72-73 

sand  production  of   43 

Lawrence     County,     natural-gas 

production  of    36 

oil  production  of   32-33 

Lead,  zinc,  and  silver,  production 
of    48,49 

Lee  County,  sandstone  from   ....       40 

Leverett,     Frank,     acknowledg- 
ments to   77 

Lime,  in  Colchester  and  Macomb 

quadrangles    106-107 

production  of    41,  43 


PAGE 

Limestone,  in  Colchester  and  Ma- 
comb quadrangles    105-106 

production  of    40-41 

Litchfield,   coal  at  or  near 53,54,55 

log  of  drill  hole  near  51-53 

Littleton    yj 

Littleton  district,  coal  Xo.  2  in. .  .       87 
Loess  in  the  Canton  quadrangle    109-114 

Lowell,   fire  clay  near    72 

Lower  Magnesian  limestone,  nat- 
ural cement  from    43 

M 

Macomb    75 

clay  industry  at 91,  92,  94-95 

coal  production  near    89 

fire  clay  south  of 63,  70,  71 

Macomb  quadrangle,  see  Colches- 
ter and  Macomb  quadrangles 

Macoupin  County,  oil  in 33 

see  Gillespie  and  Mount  01  he 
quadrangles 

Madison  County,  fire  clay  in 66 

lime   in    41,  43 

pyrite   from    47 

Magnesian  limestones 41 

Mahomet  quadrangle,  survey  of .  .  13 

Maps,  topographic,  index  of 20 

Marblehead,  limestone  near 41 

Marion  County,  oil  production  of  33 
Marseilles     quadrangle,     resurvey 

of    16 

Marshall,   limestone  near    41 

Marshall,  R.  B.,  work  of 12 

Maysville,     section     of     fire     clay 

near    69 

McClosky  sand  32 

M'cDonough  County,  coal  produc- 
tion of 89-90 

fire  clay  in   70-71 

oil  production  of    33 

see     Colchester     and     Macomb 
quadrangles 
McGees   Creek,   overflowed   lands 

of    15 

McHenry   County,   production    of 

sand  in    46 

McLean  County,  natural  gas  in .  .  36 
McLeansboro    formation,    lime- 
stone   from    41 


160                                                  INDEX— 

Continued 

PAGE 

PAGE 

Menard,  limestone  near 

41 

Pennsylvanian    series,    fire    clays 

Mercer  County,  fire  clay  in 

71 

of    61-73 

Milan   quadrangle,   survey  of ... . 

13 

in     Colchester     and     Macomb 

Millington,  glass  sand  at 

43 

quadrangles    81-82 

Millstadt,  limestone  near 

41 

natural  gas  from   36 

Mineral  paints,  production  of ...  . 

48 

Petroleum,  see  Oil  and  gas 

Mineral  water,  production  of 

46 

Pig  iron,  production  of 30 

Mississippian    series    in    western 
Illinois     

Pike  County,  fire  clay  in 69 

80-81 

Plymouth    77 

limestone  near    105 

sandstone   from    

40 

limestone    from                

41 

Plymouth  oil   field,   investigations 

in     14 

Moline,  limestone  near    

40 

Monmouth,   fire   clays   near 

66,71 

Pope  County,  limestone  in   40 

Montgomery  County,  see  Gillespie 

Port  Byron,  limestone  near 40 

and  Mount  Olive  quadrangles 

Pottsville     formation,     clay     and 

Morgan  County,  fire  clay  in 

mineral  water  from    

68 

shale  in   94,99 

46 

in      Colchester     and      Macomb 

Mount  Olive  quadrangle,  see  Gil- 

quadrangles     81-82 

lespie  and  Mount  Olive  quad- 

Prairie du  Rocher,  limestone  near       41 

rangles 

Pyrite,  production  of 47-48 

survey  of    

16 

Q 

Quarry  Creek  formation,  lime- 

N 

Natural  gas  from  glacial  drift... 

36,68 
35-36 

stone    from                        41 

production  of    

Quincy,   limestone  near 41 

Niagaran  series,  limestone  in ...  . 

40 

Niota,  limestone  at  

41 

North  Alton,  fire  clay  near 

66 

R 

Randolph  County,  sandstone  from       40 

O 

Renault  quadrangle,  field  work  in       13 
Ripley,  fire  clay  near 63,  65,  69 

Oglesby,    cement    plant   at    

43 

Rivers    and    Lakes    Commission, 

Oil    and    gas    in    Colchester    and 

conference  with   15 

Macomb  quadrangles   

108 

Rock  Island  County,  fire  clay  in       72 

Oil  fields,  location  of,  by  Survey 

14 

lime  kilns  in    41,43 

Oil  tests,  unsuccessful   

33 

Rockford,  limestone  near   40 

Ordovician    system,    magnesian 

Rogers,    G.    S.,    acknowledgments 

41 

to    77 

Oregon,  glass  sand  at   

43 

Roodhouse,  fire  clay  near  68 

limestone  near    

40 

Ottawa,  fire  clay  near   66,  72-73 

S 

glass  sand  at  

43 

Overflowed    lands,    investigations 

St.  Clair  County,  limestone  from       40 

of    

15 

topographic  map  of    20 

sand  from    43 

P 

St.  Louis  limestone  in  Colchester 

quadrangle   80-81 

Panama,  coal  No.  6  near   

Parr,  S.  W.,  work  of  

58 

lime    from    105 

12,14 

limestone  from   41,  106 

INDEX- 

Continued 

161 

Ste.    Genevieve    formation,    lime- 
stone from  

PAGE 

41 
41 

15 

106 

3-46 

33 

105 
40 
12 
12 
40 
70 
68 
72 
77 

17 

47 
41 

30 
43 
14 
16 

-114 

20 

20 
14 

105 

0-41 
7-48 

8,99 

6-20 

47 

12 
40 
47 

PAGE 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines,  coopera- 
tion with  ...                                      i/i 

Salem  formation,  limestone  from 
Saline     River,     overflowed    lands 

of    

Sand    and    gravel    in    Colchester 

U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  coopera- 
tion  with    14^  24,  51 

University    of    Illinois,    coopera- 
tion   with    

,75 
14 

and  Macomb  quadrangles .... 
production  of    42,  4 

Urbana  quadrangle,  survey  of...       13 
Utica,  fire  clays  near   .  .                   66  7? 

Sandoval  pool,  oil  production  of. 
Sandstone  in  Colchester  and  Ma- 
comb quadrangles    

glass  sand  and  cement  plant  at 

V 

Vermilion    County,    limestone 
from     

43 

production  of    

Salisbury,  R.  D.,  work  of 

Savage,  T.  E.,  work  of   

40 
47 

Savanna,  limestone  near   

Schuyler  County,  fire  clay  in 

Sears,  fire  clay  near 

pyrite  production  from 

W 

Wabash  County,  oil  production  of 

Walshville,  coal  No.  2  at 

Warren  County,  fire  clay  in 

Warsaw,  limestone  near   

Waukegan,   coke  ovens  at    

Wedron,  glass  sand  at  . 

Shaw,  E.  W.,  acknowledgments  to 
Shawneetown  quadrangle,   survey 

of    

Silica,  production  of  

Silurian  limestones    .... 

33 
54 
71 
41 
30 

Silver,  see  Lead 

South  Chicago,  coke  ovens  at.  .  .  . 

Portland  cement  plant  at 

Spanish  Needle  Creek  oil  field   .  . 

Weller,    Stuart,   acknowledgments 
to    

77 

Sparta  quadrangle,  survey  of.... 

work   of    

Spoon  River,  loess  deposits  near 
113 

White,    David,    acknowledgments 
to    

77 
,68 
,43 
,43 

40 

Spoon    River    Valley,    overflowed 
lands  in  

Starved   Rock    Park,   topographic 
map  of    

Whitehall,  fire  clays  near   66,  67 

Whiteside  County,  lime  kilns  in.. 41 

Will  County,  lime  from    41 

limestone  from   

Staunton  gas  field,  location  of... 

sand   from    . 

46 

Stone  in  Colchester  and  Macomb 

Winchester,  fire  clay  at 

68 

quadrangles    

production  of    4 

Winnebago  County,  lime  kilns  in. 41 
sand   from    .  .  . 

,43 
46 

41 
14 

Sulphuric  acid,  production  of.... 4 

T 

Tennessee,    clay    industry   at   and 
near    92,9 

Y 

Yankeetown  formation,  limestone 
from     

Topographic  surveys,  progress  of  1 
Tripoli,  production  of   

U 

Udden,  J.  A.,  work  of 

Young,  L.  E.,  work  of  

Z 

Zinc   in    Colchester   and    Macomb 

quadrangles    107- 

Zinc,  see  Lead 

Union  County,  sandstone  in    .... 
tripoli  in   

108 

